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Vector Mechanics For Engineers S

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Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-Dimensional Structure Support or Connect 4¢ hd ocker ness TS ae iretn =| Based soppeit The first step in the solution of any problem concerning the equilibrium of 2 rigid body is-to construct an appropriate tree-body Giagram of the body. As part of that process, it is neces: on the diagram the reactions through which the around and othe bodies oppose a possible motion body. The figures on this and the facing page summarize the possible reactions exerted on dimensional bode: sisi oh ii tad exc outs errs Sruchur O'S \ i a Fee an ime of action. Cable Tine of action ta“ Wentnéce a ao) (sracom aires he fore compote hip foc os ‘cn Tomsane Felemet Sees OU, ‘Te force components Hinge and beating sipporting radial load only (aa! so couples, ve page 102) os ony. Hinge und bow on ‘Thee lance eemmpanerte an make ‘hr ond Sa od (and tcp se pay 192) p Book Store. IN rive seen Batten E08 re Seventh Edition VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS Statics FERDINAND P. BEER Lehigh University E, RUSSELL JOHNSTON, JR. University of Connecticut ELLIOT R. EISENBERG ‘The Ponriylvania State University Win the collation of Goorge H, Stan’ “The Ohio State University Mic s ua) Higher Education Boston Burridge, IL Oubuque, 1A Madison, WI NewYork San Francisco St. Louia Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon Londen Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Oeihi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Teipel Toronto i ‘gq Higher Education VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: STATICS, SEVENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill a business wnit of The MeCeoni-Hill Companies, Ine, 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10000. Copyright © 2104, 1995, 1855, 1964, LOTT, 1972, 1968 by The MeGraw-Hil Conipanies, Ine_AD rights served. No pact of thx publica tion may be ceproduced ar distributed in wsy form or by any means or stored in a database ur retrieval system, withous the peor writen soneont of The MeCraw Fill Companies, ln, neliding, but not tinted to, in any: network or other oectronic storage ar tension. ‘7 brosdeast for dance leasing Some anciflries, including eleetmoak: and print evmponents, may nat be avilable to euslomers outside the Unite Stites ‘This Boole printed on weld Free paper. 94507890 VNHANTOO87654 ISBN 0-07-290880-6 Publishor: Hlsabeth A. Jones Load photo research cooniinatar, Carrie K. Burger Assoclarespoosoring edhtor Debra D. Matenon Photo research: Soba Doscelt Marketing menager: Sari Martin Supplement producer: Brenda A. Erasen Project manager Jane Mole Comtpositor: TeehBooks Production supentsor: Sherry L. Kane Art house: Fine Line Mluatrations, dnc Senior ema project manager Seecy A. Patch “Typeface: 105112 Now Caledonia Senior media technology producer: Pilly Mock Printer: Vins Heinen, Corporation Designer Duvid W Hach Cover Photographs Gaurtesy Ceutral TonneVArcry Brest latom, MA, The Leonard akin Bunker Hl Brig, shi luinatod a nights tthe noth wad of Boston. The Stare Drie Coane? Badge is of the le This hot i lonkiny eth anel was taken. Janwary’30, 2009. "The brie eroses the Chatles iver and eonmects Boxtmy and Chutlestonen, Mastachnsets, Cooceived by Sw bridge designer Christan Menn, the 270-foot inverted Y-ahmped towers reflect the shape of the Bunker 8ll Moraminent in Chaclestown. The 1487 Tor-long bridge i the widest cable-stayed bridge in the word, and the frat fn the United States tose an asymavettca, hytrd desiga. Eight lines of tafe puss through tho kegs of the tin towers. whale an ational two lanes, supported by steel beams, are ‘cantilevered from the east ide of the bridge. The 745-footJong, 1S3+tootwide main span is supported by gieders and twu planes of (Sbies a ack fess Uexsees che ay it a sa cv siaeants vy accde ow of OR ‘The Credits section foF this beoke begins on page 613 and ts considered an extension af the eopyright page Library of Congress cataloged the main title as follows: Vector mechanics for engineers statis ancl dymaritcy? Pein P. Beer. [eta] —T0h eh Poem Tchades inde ISBN 0-97-230491-X (combined title) ISBN 0-07-200402-8 (Dynainies} ISBN 0-07-20493.-6 (Slates), 1 Mechanics, Applied. 2 Vector unalysis. 3. Statics, 4. Dymarics . Beer, Ferdinand Piero, 1915 IL Beer, Ferdinand Pieere, 1915 Vector mechanics for engineers TARIO.VI4 2008 6320,105—ded ‘soo204s560 cr ws mbie ear About the Authors Asone of the most successful author teams in engineering education, Ford Beer and Russ Johnston are often asked how, with one author at Lehigh and the other at the University of Conneetieut, they hap- pened to write their books together and how they managed to keep aliiboruting on their many books with many successive revisions ‘The answer to this question is simple, Russ Johnston's first teach- ‘Akg appoiritinent wasin the vane of Civil Engineering and Me- shanicsat Lehigh University, There he inet Ferd Beer, who had jained that department hwo years earlier and was in charge af the courses in mechanics. Ferd was delighted ta discover that the young man wha had been hired chiefly to teach graduate stmctural enginecring courses was not only willing but eager to help him reorganize the mechantes courses, oth helieved that those courses should be taught from a few basic inciples and tht the: various concepts invalved would be best un- Aersciianelvemprioored ly the shidente if they were pieseated to the in a graphic way. Together they wrote lecture notes in staties and dynamics, ta which they later added problems they felt would ap- peal to future engineers, and soon they produced the manuseript of the fisst edition of Mechanics for Engineer The second edition of Mechanics for Engineers and the first edl- tion of Vector Mechanic for Engineers found Russ Johnston at Worceste: Polytechnic Institute and. the next editions at the Univer- sity of Connecticut. In the meantime, both Ferd and Russ assumed administrative responsibilities in their departments, and both were in- wolved in research, consulting, and supervising gradnate students— Font in the area of stochastic processes and randam vibrations and Fins inthe area of elastic stability and structural analysis design. How- ever, their interest in improving the teaching of the basic mechanics eourses had not subsided, and they both taught sections of these courses as they kept revising thetr exts and began writing the man- uscript of the first edition of their Mechanics of Materéals text ‘Their collaboration has spanned muny years and many successful revisions of all of their textbooks, and Ford and Ruse contributions to cugincering education have earned them « number of honors and awasds, They were presented with the Wester Blectric Fund Award for excellence in the instraction of engineering students by their re- spective regional scetions of the American Socicty for Engineering Ed- wcation, and they both received the Distinguished Echucator Award from the Mechanics Division of the same socicty. Starting im 2001, the New Mechanics Educator Award of the Mechanics Division has been named in honor of the Beer and Johnston author tear, vi About me Authors Ferd and Russ are delighted to bring a new co-author and eot- laborator to the Beer and Johnston team for the seventh edition of Vector Mechanics Jor Engineers: Statics, Elliot Eiscnberg worked as a collabonitor om the sixth edition and is now a co-author for Statics, George Stub developed the interactive tutorial to accompany’ the sixth and seventh editions, and now he joins the seventh edition team: as a collaboratar on both the Seatics unl Dynamics teats. Ferdinand P. Beer. Born in France and educated in France and Switzerland, Ferd holds an M.S. degree from tle Sosbonne and an Se.D. degree in theoretical mechanics from the University of Geneva. He came to the United States after serving in the French army dur- the early part af Warlé War IL and taught for four years at Williams College in the Williams-MIT joint arts and engineering program. Fol- lowing his service at Williams College, Ferd joined the faculty of Lehigh University where he taught for thirty-seven years. We held several positions, including University Distinguished Professor and chairman of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Me- chanics, and in 1995 Ferd was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engi neering degree hy Lebigh Vaiversity. E, Russell Johnston, Jr, Bor in Philadelphia, Russ holds a B.S, de- ree in civil engineering from the University of Delaware and.an Se. D. degree in the field of structural engincering from the Massachnsetts Institute of Technology. He taught at Lehigh University and Worces- ter Polytechnic Institute before joining the faculty of the University of Connecticut where he held the position of chairman of the Depart- went of Civil Engineering and taught for twenty-six years. In 1991 Russ received the Outstanding Civil Engineer Award bom the Con- nectivut Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Elliot R. Eisenberg, Elliot holds a B.S. degree in engineering and an M.E. degree, both from Cornell University, He has. foomsed his scholarly activities on professional service and teaching, and he was recognized! for this work in 1902 when the American Society of Me~ chanical Engineers awarded him the Ben ©, Sparks Modul far his con- trilutions te mechiical engineering and mechanical enginecring technology education and for service to the American Society for Engineering Education. Elliot taught for thirty-two years, including nventy-nine years at Penn State where hte was recognized with awards for both teaching and advising, George H. Staab. George halds B.S.. MS., and Ph.D. degrees in aero- nautical engineering from Purdue University. He worked at Sikorsky Aireruft for three yours snd is currently an Associate Professor in Me- chanical Engineering at the Ohio State University where he has taught for twenty-two years. His scholarly activities are focused on teaching and service, atid he has reveived two college wide: awards: the Charles E. MacQuigg Ouistanding Teaching Award in 1998 and the Boyer Teaching Award in 1999, George serves as the campus representative for the American Society for Engineering Education sad. the faculty advisor for the student chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering. and: several student project teams. Contents Acknowledgments xviii List of Symbols xxi 230 2a 212 213 1 INTRODUCTION 1 ‘What Is Mechanics? 2 Fundamental Goncopts ang Principles 2 ‘Systems.of Units & ‘Conversion from One System of Units to Another 10 Mothad cf Problem Solution 11 Numerical Accuracy 13. 2 STATICS OF PARTICLES 15 Introduction 16 Forces ina Plane 16 Force on a Particle. Resultant of Two Forces 18 Vectors 17 Addition of Vectors 18 Rlssuttant of Several Concurrent Fores 20 Resolution of a Fores into Components 21 Reclanguiar Components of a Force, Unit Vactors 27, Acdition of Forces by Summing x and y Gomponents 30 Equilibrium of a Particle 95 Newton's First Law of Motion 36 Problems involving the Equilbrium of a Particle Free-lody Diagrams 38 Forces in Space 45 Rectangular Components of a Force In Space 45 Force Defined by Its Magnitude and Two Points on Its Line of Action 48 wil vill ‘Contents 2.14 Aedition of Concurrent Forces in Space 49 2.18 Equilloium of a Particle in Space 87 Review and Summary for Chapter 2 €4 Review Problems 67 Computer Probiems 63: 3 RIGID BODIES: EQUIVALENT SYSTEMS OF FORCES 73 3.1 introdustion 74 3.2 External and Internal Forces 74 33 Principle of Tansmissiblity. Equivalent Forces 75 3.4 Vector Product of Two Vectors 77 3.5 Vector Products Expressed in Terms of Rectangular Components 79 35 Momentof a Force about a Point 81 3.7 Vrignon's Theorem = 83 3.8 Rectangular Gomponents of the Moment of a Fors 83 3.9 Scalar Product af Two Vectors 93 3.70 Mixed Triple Product of Three Vectors 95. 3.11 Moment of a Force about a Given Axis 97 3.12 Moment of a Couple 107 3.13 Equivalent Couples 108 3.14 Aodition of Couples 110 3.18 Couples Can Be Represented hy Vectors 110 3.16 Resolution of a Given Force Into a Forca at O anda Gouple 117 3.17 Reduction of 2 System of Forces to One Force and One Couple 122 3.38 Equivalent Systems ol Forces 123 8.18 Equipollent Systems of Vectors 124 8.20 Further Reduction of a System of Forces 124 "3.21 Reduction of a System of Forces toa Wrench 127 Review and Summary for Chapter'3 146 Review Problems 151 Computer Problems 153 4 EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES 457 4 Introduction 158 42 Free-Body Diegam 159 Equilibrium in Two Dimensions 160 4.3 Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-Dimensional Structure 160 4.4 Equilibrium of a Rigi Body In Two Dimensions 162 45. Statealy Incetermnata Reactions, Partial Constraints 184 46 Equilibrium of a Two-Force Body = 183 47 ~~ Equilibrium of a Three-Force Body 164 Equilibrium in Three Dimensions 191 4.8 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body in Thres Dimonsions 181 Rieaotions at Supports and Connections for a Thiee-Dimensional Structure 191 Review and Summary for Chapter 4 211 Review Problems 213 Computer Problems 215 5 DISTRIBUTED FORCES; CENTROIDS: AND CENTERS OF GRAVITY 219 Introduction 220 ‘Areas and Lines 220 Center of Gravity of a Two-Dimensional Body 220, Gentroids of Aroas and Lines 222 First Moments of Areas and Lines 225 Composite Piates and Wires 226 Determination of Centroids by Integration 236 Theorems of Peppus-Guldinus 208 “$8 Distributod Loads on Beams 248 “59 Foreas on Submerged Surfaces 249 Volumes 250 510 Center of Gravity of a Three-Dimensicnal Body. Centraid of @ Volume 259 51 Compost Boaies 262 5.12 Determination of Gentroids of Volumes by integration 262 Review and Summary for Chapter 5 274 Review Problems 278 Computer Problema 264 Sehfes 6 ANALYSIS OF STRUGTURES 264 51 |ntroduction 265, Trusses 286. 62 Definition of a Truss 286 63 Simple Trusses 288 BA Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Joints 289 "65 Joints under Special Loading Conditions 291 "65 Space Trusses 203 87 Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Sections 303 “68 Trusses Made of Several Simple Trusses 904 Frames and Machines = 315, 1&9 Structures Containing Muttitorce Members 315. 10 Analysis of a Frame 315 811 Frames Which Cease to Be Rigid When Detached from Their Supports 316 512 Machines 331 Review and Summary for Chapter 6 949 Review Problems 346 Computer Problems 349 7 FORCES IN BEAMS AND CABLES 353 “7.1 Introduction 354 “7.2 Inteal Forces in Members. 354 Beams 361 “7.3 Various Types of Loading and Support 964 “7.4 Shear and Bending Moment ina Beam 262 *7.5 Shear and Bending-Moment Diagrams — 364 °7.8 Relations among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment 372 Cables 383 “77 Cables with Concentrated Loads 383 "7.8 Cables with Disinbuted Loads 384 "7.9 Parabolic Cable 385 “7.40 Gatenary 394 Foview and Summary tor Chapter 7 402 Reviers Problems 405 Computer Problems 408 8 FRICTION at Introduction 442 The Laws of Ory Friction. Goetficients of Friction 412 Angles of Fricion 415 Problems Involving Ory Friction 418 Wedges 431 Squate-Threaded Screws 431 Journal Bearings. Axie Friction 440 ‘Thmust Bearings. Disk Friction 442 Wheel Fricion. Rolling Resistance 443 "8.10 Beit Friction 450 Review and Summary for Chapter 6 461 Review Problems 464 Computer Problems 467 9 DISTRIBUTED FORCES: MOMENTS OF INERTIA. “74 91 Infroduction 472 92 Second Moment, or Moment of Inertia, of an Area 473 93 Determination of the Moment of Inertia of an Aroa by Integration 474 94 Polar Moment of Ineria 475 85 Radius of Gyration of an Arca 476 6 Parallo-Axis Theorem 483 8.7 Moments of Inertia af Composite Areas 484 "38 Product of Inertia 497 °3.9 Principal Aes anc Principal Moments of Inertia 496 “a0 ait 12 913 a1 og “316 “a7 “ig ‘Mohr's Circle for Moments-and Products of inertia 506 aah || Moments of inertia of Masses 812 ‘Moment of inertia of a Mass 812 ParallelAxis Theorem 514 ‘Moments cf Inertia of Thin Plates 515 Doto:mination of the Moment af inertia of a Three-Dimensianal Body by Integration 518 Moments cl Inertia of Composite Bodies 516 ‘Moment of Inertia of Body with Respect to an Arbitrary Axis through O. Mass Products of ineftia 531 Blipscid of Inortia. Principal Axes of inertia 582 Dotermination of the Principal Axes and Princizal Moments, ct Inertia of @ Body ot Arbitrary Shape 894 Review and Summary for Chapter 9 545 Feview Problems 551 Computer Problems 64 "10.1 "102 "10.3 “10.4 "10.8 4106 07 108 “10.9 10 METHOD OF VIRTUAL WORK 557 Invoruction 558 Wotk of a Force 558 Principio of Virtual Work 561 ‘Applications ol the Principle of Virtual Work 862 Real Machines. Mechanical Efficiency 884 Work of a Force during a Finite Displacement 578. Polontial Energy 580) Potontial Enorgy and Equilisrlum — 581 ‘Stabilty of Equillotum 582 Fieview and Summary for Chapter 10 692 Review Problems 595, Computer Problems — 597 Al dix FUNDAMENTALS OF ERGINEERING EXAMINATION 601 Photo Credits 603 Index: 605 Answers to Problems = 611 xii Preface OBJECTIVI The main objective ofa first conrse in mechanics should be to develop in the engincering student the ability to analyze any problem in sfinple and logical manner and to apply to its solution a few, well- imderstood, basic principles. [tis hoped thut this text, designed for the first course in statics offered in the sophomore year, and the vol- uum that follows, Vector Meckanics for Engincens: Dynamics, will help the instrnetor achieve this goal. GENERAL APPROACH Vector analysis fs introduced early in the text and is used in the pres- entation and discussion of the fundamental principles of mechanics. Vector methods are also used to solve many problems, particulaly three-dimensional problems where these techuiques result in a sim pler and more concise solution. The emphasis ia this text, however, romuing on the correet understanding of the principles of mechanics and on their application to the solution of engineering problems, and vectur analysis fs presented chiefly ax a convenient tool. Practical Applications fare Introduced Early. One of the characteristics of the approach used in these volurnes is that me- chanies of particles is clearly separated from the mochamies of rigid bodice. This approich makes it possible to consider simple practical applications at an early stage and to postpone the introduction of the niove difficult concepts. For example: * In Statics, statics of particles is treated Hest (Chap. 2); alter the rules of aedition and subtraction of vectors are introduced, the principle of equilibrium of a particle is immediately applied to practical situations involving only concurrent forces, The statics Ths tet ts avtie tw sage vuln, Veco Moar for Hgineer: Statin ad Dynarnice sever einen. ‘na pull text. Mechaies for Encore: Stacy, fh veltion, thon uf vector ale spi is Lite to thea nnd sbeeation of wer of-cigid bodies is considered in Chaps. 8 and 4. In Chap. 3, the sectnr and scalar products of two vectors are introduced and used to define the moment of a force about a point und about an axis. ‘The presentation af these new concepts is followed by a thangh and rigorous discussion of exuvalent systems of forces Kalin {in Chap. 4, to many practical applications involving the eqqili ‘um of rigid bodies under a forve systems, In Dynamics, the saine division is observed, The basie concepts of force, mass, and accelerations, of work and energy, and of im- ike and momentum are introdkiceel and first applied to probe ems involving only particles. Thus, students can familiarize them- selves with the three basic methods used in dynamies and Yearn their respective advantages before facing the difficulties associ- ated with the motion of rigid bodirs, New Concepts Are Introduced In Simple Terms. Since this. text is designed. for the first course in statics, new concepts are pre- sented in siinple terms and every step is explained in detail, On the other hand, by discussing the broader aspects of the problems con siden ancl lny stressing methods of general applicability. a definite nnatunty of approach is achieved. For example, the concepts of par- tial eonstrain's and statical mdeterminacy are introduced early and axe used throughout. Fundamental Principles Are Placed In the Context of Sim- pie Applications. ‘The fact that mechanics is essentially a ededuc- tive science based on a few fundamental principles is stressed, Der- frations have been presented in their logical sequence and with all the rigor warranted at this level, However, the Fearing provess be- tog langely inductive, simple applications are considered first. For emample: © The staties of particles precedes the statics of rigid bodies, and problems involving internal forces are postponed until Chap. 6. © Ty Chap. 4, equilibrium problems involving only coplanar forces are considered first and solved by ordinary algebra, while prob- lems invalving three-dimensional forces and requiring the Full se of vector algebra are discussed in the second part of the hapter. Free-Body Diagrams Are Used Both to Solve Equilibrium Problems and to Express the Equivalence of Force Systems. Froe-body diagniris are introduced carly, and their importance is em- phisized throughont the text, They aro used not only to solve equilih- fium problems but also to express the equivalence of two systems of faxes or, more generally, of two systems of vectors. The advantage of this approach becomes apparent in the study of the dynasics of rigid hodies, where it is used to solve three-dimensional as well as two- dimension problems. By placing the emphasis on “free-boxy-diagrarn qutions” rather than on the standard algebraic equations of motion, more intuitive and more complete understanding of the fancdamen- tullpnineiples of dynamics can be achieved. This approach, which. was firs introduced in 1962 in the first edition of Vector Mechanics for Reise. ait aly Prstuce Engineers, bas now gained wide ueceptanee among mechanics teach ers id this countzy. I i, therefore, used in preforence to the method of dynamic equilibrium and to the equations of motion in the sobution of all sarnple problems in this book. A Four-Golor Presentation Uses Color to Distinguish Vectors, Color has been used, not only to enhance the quality of the illustra: tions, but also to help students distinguish among the various types of vectors they will encounter. While there was no intention to “color ode” this text, the same color is used in any given chapter to repre sont vectors of the same type. Throughout Statics, for example, red Is-used exclusively to represent forces and couples, while position vee- tors are shown in blue and dimensions in black. This makes it easier for the students to identify the forces doting on a given particle o rigid body and to follow the discussion of sample problems und other examples given in the text ‘A Careful Balance Between Si and U.S. Customary Units Is Maintained, Because of the current trend in the American government and industry to adopt the international system of units (SI metric units), the ST units mest frequently used in me. chenies are troduced in Chap, 1 and are used throughout the text. Approximately half of the sample problems and 60 percent of the homework problems are stuted in these units, while the remainder are in U.S. customary units, The authors believe that this approach will best serve the need of students, who, as engineers, will have to be conversant with both systems of units Ac also should be recognized that using both SI aad U.S. cus- tomary units entails more than the use of conversion factors. Since the ST system of units is an absolute system based on the units of time, length, and mass, whereas the U.S. customary system is a gravitational syitem based on the units of time, length and foree, different: ap- proaches are required for the solution of many problems, For exam ple, when SI units are used, a body is generally specified by its mass expressed in kilograms; in most problems of statics it will be neces sary to determine the weight of the body in newtons, and an addi- ‘tonal calonlation will he reqired for this purpose, On the other hand, when U.S. customary units are used, a body is specified by its weight in pounds and, in dynamics problems, an additional calculation sill be required to determing its rmass in slags {or lh - s#/ft). The authors, therefore, believe that problem assignments shonld indude both sys- tems of units. "The Instructor's and Solutions Manwal provides six different lists of assignments so that an equal number of problems stated in SI units and in U.S. customary units can be selected. If se desired, two com- plete lists of assigaments can alsa be selected with up to 76 percent of the problems stated in ST units. ‘Optional Sections Offer Advanced or Specialty Topics. A aumber of optional sections have been included. These sections are indicated by asterisks and thus are easlly distinguished from these which form the core of the basic statics course, They may be omitted without prejudice to the understanding of the zest of the test. ‘Among the topics covered in these additional sections are the re- duction of w system of forces to « wrench, applications to hydrostat- ‘cs, shear and bending-moment diagrams for beams, equilibrium of cables, products of inertia and Mohr's circle. Be determination of the rincipal axes and anoments of inertia of a body of arbit , Pierce of vistual work. The sections aaa aeay wehul when the course in staties is immediately followed by a course in mechunies of materials, while the sections on the inertia proper Ges of throe dimensional bodies ase primarily intended for students who will liter study in dynamics the three-dimensional mation of rigid The material presented in the text and most of the problems requires no previous mathematical knowledge beyond algebra, trigo- nametry, and elementary calculus; all the clements of vector rreessny to the understanding, of the text are carefully presented in Chaps 2 and 3. In general, a greater cmphasis 1s placed on the correct imderstanding of the basie mathematical concepts involved than on the tinble manipelation of mathematical formulas. In this connection, it should be mentioned that the determination of the centroids af com- posite areas precedes the calculation of centroids by integration, thus ‘inking it possible to establish the concept of the moment of sn aren finmly before introducing the use of integration. NEW TG THIS EDITION While retaining the well-received approach and organization of pre~ vious editions, the seventh edition offers the fallowing new features improvenents: Ninety pereent of the homework problems for the seventh edi= tion are new or revised: The emphasis on industry-related and discipline-specific questions of the new edition problems provides mativation for today’s students. The computer problems have been revised tw be used with pop- ‘ular computational software, and the number of problems has been increased. The computer problems, many of which are rel- ‘evant to the process, have been included ina special sec- tion at the end of each chapter, The problems focus on symbolic ‘manipulation and platting, as opposed to the programmning-based computer problems im previous editions af the text. Numerous ini-chapter photographs have been added to help stu- denis better visualize important concepts. ‘Chapter outlines have been added to the introduction of each chapter to provide a preview of topics that will be covered in the chapter, 4 Frncaientals of Engineering Examination Appendix has been added for nse when students prepare for the FE exam. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES Chapter Introduction. Each chapter begins with an introdue- tory section setting the purpose and goals of the chapter and deseribing, in simple terms the material to be covered! and its application to the xvi solution of engincering problems. New chapter outlines provide stu- dents with a preview of chapter tapics. Chapter Lessons. The body of the text is divided into units, each consisting of one or several theory sections, one or several sam- ple problems, and a large number of problems to be assigned. Each unit corresponds to a well-defined pee and generally ean be covered in one lesson. In a number of cases, however, the instructor will find it desinible to devote more than one lesson to a given topic. Sample Problems. The sample problems are set up in much the same form that students will use when solving the assigned prob- lems. They thus serve the double purpose of amplifying the tom and demonstrating the type of neat, orderly work that students should cultivate In their own solutions. Solving Problems on Your Own. A section entitled Solving Problems on Your Own is inchided for cach lesson, between the sam- ple problems and the problems to be assigned. The purpose of these sections is to help students organize in their own minds the preced- ing theory of the text and the solution methods of the sample prob- Jems, so that they can more successfully solve the homewnrls prob- lems. Also inchided in these sections are specific suggestions and strategies that will enable students to more efficiently attack any assigned problems. Homework Problem Sets. Most of the problems are of a prac- tical nature and should appeal to engineering students. They are pri- marily designed, hawever, to illustrate the material presented in the text and to help students understand the principles of mechanics, The problems are grouped according te the portions of material they iL Iustrate and are arranged in order of increasing difficulty. Problems requiring special attention are indicated by asterisks. Answers to 70 ee of the problems are given at the end of the hook. Problems whieh the answers are given are set in straight type im the text, while problems for which no answer is given are set in italic, Chapter Review and Summary. och chapter ends with a re- view and summary of the material covered in that chapter, Marginal nates are used to help students organize their review work, and cross- references have been included to help them find ihe portions of ma- terial requiring their special attention, Review Problems. A set of review problems is included at the end of each chapter. These problems provide students further op- portunity to apply the most important concepts introduced in the chapter. Computer Problems. Each chapter includes a set of problems designed to be solved with computational software. Many of these problems are relevant to the design process. In statics, for example, ‘they may involve the analysis of a structure for various configurations and loadings of the stracture or the determination of the equilibrium positions of a mechanism which may require an iterative method af solution, Developing the algorithm required to solve a given me chanics problem will benefit students in two different wuys: (1) it will a better understanding of the mechanics princi ‘mvobved: (2) it-will provide them with an opportunity te apply the om computer sills to the i soliton OF waosantaghal enptineniig eo bletn: - SUPPLEMENTS: An extensive supplements package for both instructors and students ‘isavailable with the text. Instructor resources include an instructor's -solutions manual with complete solutions to-all text problems; image ‘ats with electronic files of all text art and photo images: PowerPoint lecture presentations for al text chapters; transparencies of additional solved problems; seripts in various computational software forsaats For Al tett computer problems; access to. course management systerns to ucommodate your online course needs; and various other presenta- Fin snd course organization resources. Students have access to $.M.A.R-T. (Self-pared, Mechanics, Al- gorithmic, Review, and Tutorial}, aa online intesactive tutorial with guizzing which can also be used as a classroom - ion tool, Other student resources include FE Exam-style multiple- choice quizes with feedback; a guide for using computational Softwmire packages im mechanics courses; and many more internet- asec content anc earning. tools Please visit our Vector Mechanies for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics seventh edition Online Learning Center (OLC) at ‘Swumbhe.com/beorobnsion? for more information on the supple: ments available with this text. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The wuthors wish to acknowledge the collaboration of George Staab lo this soventh edition of Vactor Mechanics for Engineers and thank him especially for his crucial role in making the extensive problem set tession possible. 4 4 eck thanks go to our colleagues who tharoughly checked the solutions and answety of all problems in this edition and then prepared the solutions for the accompanying Instructor's and Solu- tien Manual: Richard 1. Lance of Cornell University: Daniel W. Yanoitell of Louisiana State University; Kenneth Oster of University ‘of Missouri, Rolla; and Petru Petrina of Comell University ‘The authors thank the many companies that provided photo: graphs for this edition, We also wish to recognize the deterinined efforts andl patience af our photo researcher Sabina Dowell ‘The authors also thank the members of the staff at MeGraw-Hill fx their support and dedication during the preparation of this new edition. We particularly wish to acknowledge the contributions of ‘Sponsoring Editor Debra Matteson and Project Manager Jane Mohr Fiaully, the authors gratefully acknowledge the many helpful cox ments and suggestions offered by users of the previous editions of Victor Mechantes for Engineers. Ferdinand P. Boer E; Russell Jolinston, Jr Eline R. Elsenberg xviii Acknowledgments ‘The MeGraw-Hill engineering mechanics editorial and marketing team would like to fon the authors in gratefully acknowledging the individuals listed in the authors’ preface for their contributions to the seventh editions of the texts and solutions manuals. In addition, we would also like to thank the following reviewers, focus group atten- dees, and sympostom tenes whose corments and sopgestions over the past few years have not only: helped us to develop the sup- plemental and media resaurees for the seventh editions of Vector Mfechantes for Engineers but have also helped ws to establish stan- ‘dards and gouls for developing other teats, supplements, and new mnedia resourebs for statics and dynamics courses: REVIEWERS FROM THE UNITED STATES Shaaban Abdallah ‘Yohannes Ketema University of Gincinnaté University of Minnesota Charles A. Barnes Sang-Soo Kim University of Massachusetts, Ohio University Lowell Roger La Ludin Liang-Wu Cal California State University, Kansas Stare Unéversity. San Luis Obispo Brian Coller Mohammad Mahinfalah University of Hinois, Chicago North Dakota State University Stephen C, Cowin. James R. Matthews City College of New York University of New Mexico Ali El-Zeiny Wilfrid Nixon California State University, University of Fowa cee Karim Nobra Christopher M. Foley University of South Florida Marquette University David B. Oglesby John H. Forrester Uniwersity of Missouri, Rolla University of Tennessee GE, Ramey. Orlando Hankins Auburn University North Carolina State University Willam F. Reiter, Jr. Oregon State University ALA. Selim South Dakota State University Willam Seto San Jove Stato University Teong E. Tan The University of Memphis INTERNATIONAL REVIEWERS Yap Fook Fah Nanyang Techndead Univorstty YA. Kholief King Fahd Unieersiey of Petroleum Minerals, Saudi Arabia Molar Ngals Université Teknologi Malaysia, Midaysia Francis M. Thomas xix University of Kansas T Cabin Treng Iinois Institute of Technology ‘Christine Valle University of Matne ‘Ted Stathopoulas ‘Concordia University. Wen-Fang Wu National Tatean Unicershty, Taiecan Chow Chu Yang National Takean University, Teitoan STATICS AND DYNAMICS FOCUS GROUP ATTENDEES Makola M. Abdullah Morida AGM University a] Alakud Unteersity uf Dayton Kur Anderson Rensselaer Polytechnic Frestitute George Buzynat Florida Stote University and Florida A&M University Ravindar Chor Taws AGM University ‘Ted Conway University of Central Florida Jolie Cooneod Unioersty of New Merieo Philip Comuwell Rose-Hulmwen Insditute EL, Devries University of Utah DeRome O, Dunn North Carolina AtT State University Gil Emmert University of Wisconsin Brian Fabian Unicersity of Washington Roy James Hartfield, Jr Auburn University ‘Lib-Min Hsia California State University, Los Angeles S. Graham Kelly The University of Akron Sam Kiger University of Missoni, Columbia Jef Kuo California State Untwersity, Filterton Mare Mignolet Arizona State Unteersity Masarni Nedagayea Colorado School of Mines Steven O'Mure Olahoma State University Charles K. Roby Clemson University Scott Schiff Clemson University Geoff Schifiett University of Southern California Ganesh Thiagarajan Louisiana State Untoersity Francis Thamas University of Kansas Exk Thompson Colorado State University Josel 8. Torok Rochester Institute of Technology Robert Weber Maryuette University STATICS AND DYNAMICS SYMPOSIUM ATTENDEES Subhash Anand Clenason University Stephen Bechtel The Ohio State Untoersity Sherrill Biggers Clemson University Pasquale Cinnella Mississippi State University Adel ELSally University of Central Florida Walt Huisler Texas AGM University Kimberly M, Hill University of Tlino’s, Urbana-Champaign James Jones Purdue University Yohannes Ketemna Universiey of Minnesota Chuck Krousgill Purdue University Mohammad Mabin fab Nowth Dakota State University Christine Masters Perinsyleania State University Dan Mendelson The Ohio State University Mark Onwat United States Military Academy Art Peterson Unisersity of ADerta Tad Pfeffer University of Colorado at Boulder Sadunandan Pradeep Clarkson Unicersity Robert Rankin Arizona State University Michael Shelton California State Polytechnic University Larry Silverberg North Carolina State University Bob Witt Untoersity of Wisconsin, Madison WaneLee Yin Georgia Institute of Technology Musharraf Zaman University af Oklahoma => BS ep wa On Se ae oe List of Symbols ‘Constant; radius; distance Reactions at supports and connections Points Arex Width; distance Constant Centroid Distance Base of natural logarithins Force; frietion foree Acceleration of gravity Center of gravity; constant of gravitation Height; sag of cable Unit vectors along coordinate axes Moments of inertia Centroidal moment of inertia Products of inertia ‘Polar moment of inertia Spring constant Hadii of gyration Centroidal radius of gyration Length Length: span Mass Couple; moment Moment about paint Moment resultant about point O Magnitude of couple o moment; mass of earth, Moment about axis OL Normal component of reaction Origin of coordinates Pressure Force; vector Forve: vector Position vector xxi YoU] stot symbole 1 $8

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