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Discuss The Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science

The document discusses the nature, goals, and perspectives of anthropology, sociology, and political science. Anthropology studies humans with an emphasis on biological evolution and cultural practices, using cross-cultural, evolutionary, ecological, and holistic perspectives. Sociology examines relationships and interactions within society from functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interaction perspectives. Political science analyzes power relations on both macro and micro levels, focusing on the political arena and decisions that affect groups.

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11K views26 pages

Discuss The Nature, Goals and Perspectives of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science

The document discusses the nature, goals, and perspectives of anthropology, sociology, and political science. Anthropology studies humans with an emphasis on biological evolution and cultural practices, using cross-cultural, evolutionary, ecological, and holistic perspectives. Sociology examines relationships and interactions within society from functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interaction perspectives. Political science analyzes power relations on both macro and micro levels, focusing on the political arena and decisions that affect groups.

Uploaded by

Mae Social
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Discuss the nature, goals and


perspectives of anthropology,
sociology and political science.
Nature, Goals and
Perspectives of
Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT3SX1gU7J8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42BsTIUzYqA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcvFZf2fe9c
Given the same challenge, do you think
Filipino children would have done the same?
Can you think of any local term, translation,
or phrase that means almost the same as
Ubuntu?
When we talk about people’s ways of doing things,
we can also think of it as “ways of life”. This “way of
life” is referred to as culture. Edward B. Tylor defined
culture as, “that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society (Street 1998)." Culture is man’s
way of adapting to, manipulating, and interacting
with his physical and social environment.
On the other hand, when we talk about ways
of interacting with other people, we refer to it as
social structures. Social structures or structures
govern how we live and interact with each other in
a given society (Form 1999). Social structures include
family, peers, school, religion, economy, mass media,
and other.
In studying and analyzing culture and social
structures the sister disciplines of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science take center stage:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-1BxpSvx3k
Anthropology comes from the two Greek words:
Anthropos, meaning “human”, and logos, meaning
“study” or “inquiry”. Hence Anthropology is the
study of humans, with a special emphasis on human
biological evolution as a species and cultural
practices.
FOUR MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
• cross-cultural or comparative emphasis
-anthropologists look beyond the confines
of our own society and compare it to the
beliefs and practices of other societies, past
and present.
FOUR MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
•evolutionary/historical emphasis
-it is focused upon the understanding
of and description of patterns of change
over time
FOUR MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
•Ecological emphasis
- to investigate more complex
interactions between persons
and environment
FOUR MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
•holistic emphasis
- is the assumption that any given
aspect of human life is to be
studied with an eye to the way it is
related to other aspects of human
life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK5J0-cM-HE
On the other hand, Sociology is made up of the
Greek words: socius, meaning “companion” or
“friend”, and logos, meaning “study” or “inquiry”.
Hence Sociology deals with the relationships and
interactions of people within society.
SOCIOLOGY INCLUDES THREE MAJOR
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES:
•FUNCTIONALIST PERPECTIVE
(societies are thought to function like organisms, with various
social institutions working together like organs to maintain and
reproduce societies)
sees society as a complex system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at
society through a macro-level orientation and broadly focuses on
the social structures that shape society as a whole.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjUEQAAvAgc
SOCIOLOGY INCLUDES THREE MAJOR
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES:

•CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
(sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the
distribution of resources, power, and inequality.
(Karl Marx), is a theory that society is in a state of perpetual
conflict because of competition for limited resources. Conflict
theory holds that social order is maintained by domination
and power (rather than consensus and conformity).
SOCIOLOGY INCLUDES THREE MAJOR
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES:

•SYMBOLIC INTERACTION PERSPECTIVE


(micro-level theory that focuses on the relationships among
individuals within a society.)
Communication—the exchange of meaning through language and
symbols—is believed to be the way in which people make sense of
their social worlds.
The Looking Glass Self: This drawing depicts the looking-glass self. The
person at the front of the image is looking into four mirrors, each of
which reflects someone else’s image of himself.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMGU0bsCMG8
Politics can be defined as “power relations”: It is a
person’s ability to achieve one’s goal, and/or control or
influence another person; it may be to control or
influence another person’s opinion, way of thinking, or
actions. By using this general definition, we can say that
each one of us is political because in one way or another,
we have tried and succeeded in controlling or influencing
another person’s opinion, thoughts, and actions.
So we see that politics can be seen in how power or
“power players” are at work on large-scale like in how the
government operates in country; and we also see politics at
work in small-scale like in how one of your friends always get
to eat for free during health break, thanks to your pockets.
When we study in large-scale (global, international or
national) we call that macro perspective; and when we study
in small-scale (between two people, groups of people, portion
of society, regional), we call that micro perspective.
POLITICAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
studies the tendencies and actions of people which cannot be easily
quantified or examined. Political science is more focused than most
social sciences. It sticks to the political arena and to the realm of
politics, either dealing with situations with two competing sides or the
lateral decisions that affect the group as a whole.
An example is the study of democracy as a form of government and
why is democracy considered as the best form of government.

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