International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426

Planning & Scheduling of Residential Building

Using MS Project
S. T. Gavde1, Kanase Swapnali2, Mulani Apreen3, Jadhav Varsha4, Mane Mayuri5
1
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, JCEM K. M. Gad, India
2, 3, 4, 5
Student Civil Engineering, JCEM K. M. Gad, India

Abstract: Every one of us is a manager of projects of our own life. From a house wife to an employee to money expert, from banker
to doctor, from engineer to manager from a teacher to a student, we all work on different tasks with deadlines. (without any concern
about / having nothing to do with ) our occupation, normal behaviors , or location in an organization, we all work on tasks that are
mixed and involve people who do not usually work together. The project may have a simple goals that does not require many people or
a great deal of money or it may be quite complex, calling for (many different kind of people or thing) skills and huge amount of useful
thing’s/valuable supplies. But the bottom line is that every one of us manages projects. Because of this the purpose of dealing with the
project should not be only execution but effective and (producing a lot of waste ) execution of project is extremely important. Which is
needed to be highlighted? Construction Firms in India, Construct the Projects in a Traditional ways, this sometimes proves Expensive
& tiring & Boring too. Traditional way also proves to be Time Using/ Eating/ Drinking, and Confusing. The presented work will
provide them an Opportunity to clearly watch/ notice/ celebrate/ obey the difference between the Microsoft Project (MSP) and the
Traditional Planning ways of doing thing. which speeds up Construction and also make the Project Cost Effective with Proper
Planning with the help of the case study on the single wing of project executed in Pune, Maharashtra, India. For finding out different
aspects that proves (producing a very little waste) planning & execution of the project, very different ways of doing things ) adopted
and to find out (education that fix something) measures, international journal papers were referred. Ways of doing thing. adopted
includes defining of problem statement, hinting about something bad the goals from the data collected in two part that is first ( or most
important ) data and Secondary , carefully studying the data and finally coming to the end/end result.

Keywords: Microsoft Project, Project Management, Planning, Construction Organization, Activities

1. Introduction 2. Importance of Project Management

Project Management is the Application of knowledge, skills Project gets started at the right way but as it go ahead/move
and Ways of doing thing to project activities to meet project forwards further, gets off the track. Because of this its
needed things. It is a (related to a plan to reach a goal) ability important to manage the activities in the right way, this way
to do something successfully for organizations, enabling project management plays a very important role in arranging
them to patch the project results to Organizational goals and the critical activities of the project which is called as job to
so, better Compete in their markets. It can be also defined as function in the appropriate way. Project Management aid
the process and activity of planning, organizing very the project in better (wasting very little while working or
interesting intelligent, and controlling useful things/ valuable producing something) to deliver services.
supplies procedures and rules of conduct to (accomplish or
gain with effort) particular goals in scientific or daily 3. Purpose of Scheduling
problems.
 A Schedule is the reflection of the plan
A project is an (only lasting for short time ) aim designed to  It is the strong desire/formal decision about something of
produce a special product, service or result with a defined time and sequence of operation in the project and their
starting and end (usually time-held back ) and often by held (group of people/ device made up of smaller parts) to give
back money/giving money (to) or things that can be to meet the overall completion time.
weird goals and goals usually to bring about help full change  The process of scheduling uncovers flaws in the plan,
or added value. The only lasting short time nature of projects leading to easy rewriting/redoing of the plan.
stands in contrast with business as usual (or operations),
which are repeating, permanent, or semi-permanent
functional activities to produce products or services. In
4. Microsoft Project Basic Information
putting in to use, the management of these two systems is
Microsoft Project is a project management software
often quite clear/ separate, and as such needs/ demands the
product, developed and sold by Microsoft. It is designed to
development of (different branching out into different
assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning
abilities to do particular job related task) and management
resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget,
(success plan / ways of reaching goals) it has always been
and analyzing workloads. MS project can be used as a
practiced (showing little corner in relaxed way) but began to
standalone tool for tracking project progress or it can be
change (and get better) as a prime job /line of work in the
used for tracking complex project distributed in many
mid – 20th century
geographical areas and managed by a number of project
managers. Microsoft project is designed to assist a project
manager in;

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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
1) Developing a plan, quality need to be managed in a proper way. Completion of
2) Assigning resources to tasks, many of the projects nowadays is not in estimated duration.
3) Tracking progress, This will direct to an increase in overheads as well as various
4) Managing budget and other factors. It will not only reduce the expected revenues
5) Analyzing workloads. but also will affect the reputation of the contractor.
Scheduling is one of the vital functions in construction
5. Objectives project to determine the sequence of activities necessary to
complete a project.
Basically this thesis will conduct an exploratory study on
implementation of Microsoft Project in every aspect of a Hoang, Nhat Minh Shrestha, Swastik (2014) hinted that
project which comprise of Planning and Scheduling stage the main function of a software is to offer help, and enhance
followed by the Monitoring and Controlling stage. In this the quality of output with less effort than manual ways. A
regards, in term of construction management, this project has disparate requirements and the aim of the
dissertation is written for the objectives listed below: adopted software is to fulfill those requirements effectively
in terms of time and cost. In addition, the issues of
1) To study the scheduling technique using network models scheduling, tracking and physical element must be
(CPM). considered while adopting the project management software.
2) To reduce the total duration then the actual executed
project‟s duration (Case Study). Aftab Hameed Memon and Ismail Abdul Rahman (2014)
3) To ease of work for the Labor. suggested that time is the biggest element that every
4) To reduce the cost by proper allocation of resources contractor has to deal with while practicing the construction
activities. Variety of approaches and tools has been
6. Brief Overview of Literature introduced over the past decades to cherish the management
of the projects. Author identified commonly used techniques
Young Hoon Kwak & Frank T. Anbari (2008) observed and software of time management together with their
that the ranking of occurrences of the eight allied project effectiveness level in large construction projects. Data was
management disciplines from most to the least appeared collected from the construction organization that deals with
subjects over the last 50 years are: huge projects. Relative Importance Index calculation was
employed to assess the level of effectiveness for time
 Strategy/Portfolio Management; management techniques and software packages adopted in
the construction project. The results depicts that most
 Operations Research/Decision Sciences;
common and effective time management technique and
 Organizational Behavior/ Human Resources Management;
software Package are CPM and Microsoft Project
 Information Technology/Information Systems;
respectively. Although this technique is brought into practice
 Technology Applications/Innovation; but practitioners did not accomplish the goals of respective
 Performance Management/Earned Value Management; organization.
 Engineering and Construction; and
 Quality Management/Six Sigma. Rhuta Joshi and Prof. V.Z. Patil analyzed the project
management technique by scheduling various construction
They also concluded that project management shouldn‟t only activities, allocation of resources and resource leveling using
be studied in academics but we should deal it in every Microsoft Project 2013 for residential building. The study
domain of life in practical ways – both reflection on action was carried out in two phases. In first phase data was
and reflection in action. collected from site and quantities were calculated as per
drawing and required manpower was calculated. In second
Vittal Anantatmula (2010) found out that Similar to a phase of construction activities was defined in MSP 2013.
traditional project, managing an academic degree is related The result was as resource decreases duration increased by
to the triple constraints of time, cost, and scope. It is 10.38% and cost by 0.94%.
concluded that by applying project management concepts,
tools, and techniques, undergraduate degree program Nikhil R. Mahajan and M. V. Bhogone (2017) The
advising and planning can be improved after comparing the methodology adapted by them was to compare Microsoft
planning aspects of a conventional business project with the Project and Traditional Method. Schedule was prepared for
planning of an academic degree. Author also helps to explain both conventional and prefabrication method. A residential
the application of project planning techniques to manage the building was taken for comparison. The software used was
multiple constraints and the complexity associated with MSP, the duration required for completion of project was
academic advising and planning. collected from respective company. The comparison was
made by comparing the total time required for completion by
R. Prabhahar and G. Ravichandran (2014) analyzed that; using critical path method with MSP project. The result
Construction planning is an important part of the overall shows that the total duration for both the conventional and
management process. The planning and management prefabrication method and prefab construction for individual
includes organizing the work, executing the work, house and double story the required cost is 13% more than
correlating plan and progress information and controlling the conventional but it reduces the project duration by 63 days.
work, the three inter-related factors of time, money and
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Wallance Agyei The study was aimed at finding the 8. Scope of Work
difference between the cost and minimum expected time that
will be required to complete the project. Both CPM and Project scope is the part of project planning that involves
PERT techniques were used for analysis and from the result determining and documenting a list of specific project goals,
it was concluded that schedule proposed by bus provides deliverable, tasks, costs and deadlines. These deliverables
much shorter completion time as compared to the actual time are derived from a project's requirements. In construction,
taken by the process. delay could be defined as the time over run either beyond
completion. Date specified in a contract, or beyond the date
Rashmi J.V. and Amey A. Kelkar (2017) They analyzed that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project.
the planning and scheduling of multistoried building in two
phase by conventional execution approach & again analysis 9. Methodology
of same building was carried out by applying MSP to
compare the result for justification. For their study they A multi storied residential building, which has been executed
considered G+3 with basement and the type of RCC frame using conventional methods, has been considered in the
structure, to estimate the overall cost and time required to present study. The study focuses on the cost, duration and
execute a multistoried residential building. The result of their resource management that have been employed for the
study showed that proper manage of project management execution of the project. The extract of data obtained from
skills and technique reduces the time by 23.2% and cost by the building site is titled as Plan A - Conventional execution
3.14%. approach. An analysis of planning and scheduling was again
carried out for the same multi –storied building by applying
E. Suresh kumar and S. Krishnamoorthi (2015) In their project management skills and techniques with help of M. S.
study they focused on the scheduling using MSP and earns Project software. This was carried out to obtain comparison
value analysis for an apartment building. Thereby time with plan A - Conventional execution approach. The
required for the process of cost overrun is avoided. Project resulting analysis was titled as Plan B- Project Management
schedule is considered as core of the project plan, and the approach.
purpose of the project schedule is to show the organization
how the work will be performed to uncover the mistakes.
After completion of project it has been observed that there is
more difference between budget cost and actual cost, cost
increases as the material price increases. Earned value
analysis is carried out in order to find the variance cost of the
project.

7. Problem Statement
Nowadays, almost every construction industry in India is
experiencing delay problem. The problem occurs from
various reasons; the extensive sources are caused by the
construction activity which has been executed not according
to planning and scheduling efficiently decided before actual
execution of the project. Apparently, contractor will require
time extension to accomplish the project.

The Extension of time will be given to the delay in problem

not caused due to lack of proper care (incautious, unaware)
and mistake by the contractor, but it's normally caused by 10. Case Study
major forces such as inconvenience in supplying
construction materials, variation order (VO) by customer The case study for the project involves the planning and
owing to the nature disaster such as rainy season. scheduling of a residential building. For this case G+
residential building, located at shenoli karad which is Mr.
Construction project management is the art and science of SOHAN KANASE‟ s residential building AT Shenoli
managing all aspects of the project to achieve the project Maharashtra, India was selected. The site details, plans and
mission objectives, the specific time, budget cost and drawings etc were utilized to achieve the goals of the project.
predefined quality specifications; working efficiently and Type of Structure -Reinforced Cement Concrete Structure
effectively in the changing project environment with due (RCC) G + Residential Building.
regards to construction worker‟s safety and health. Mission
of creating a construction facility or services, with
predetermined performance objectives define in terms of
quality specifications, completion time, budget cost and
other specified constraints.

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ISSN: 2319-7064
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10.1 Plan

10.3 Scheduling
10.2 Calendar
Scheduling with Gantt Charts and WBS
The Project calendar is basically used to establish the days
Gantt charts are a special type of view that are used
and time for which the project will run. It also helps in
extensively in project management. In MSP, the left side of
establishing and assigning tasks to particular days. It also
the Gantt chart contains a sheet view, and the right side
helps in assigning in resources to particular tasks for the
contains a bar graph along a timescale. In msp, the Gantt
respective days. So, by looking at the project calendar, one
chart is developed depending upon the duration we enter for
can clearly tell that on which days the organization or the
respective task and how to efficiently establish task
construction company will be working on its project and on
dependencies. As we refine the durations, link tasks, and
which day no work will be going on. MS Project 2010 has
possibly enter date constraints or assign recourses, Project
basically three base calendars. So for setting a base calendar
2010 calculate schedule to reflect those controls
for any project, any of the three base calendar decided by
automatically scheduled task are marked with the Gantt bar
MSP 2010 can be chosen or own base calendar can also be
icon in the task
created. A base calendar can be defined as a calendar
template that can be applied to a set of resources, a set of
tasks, or the project as a whole.

Following are the three base calendars that are defined

by the MS Project 2010:

1) Standard base calendar: According to this base

calendar, working days are from Monday to Friday and
timing followed is 9 am to 6 pm. According to this
calendar, lunch timing will be from 12 noon to 1 pm.
This is the default base calendar used for the project, for
task, and for resources.
2) Night shift base calendar: According to this calendar,
working days will be from Monday to Friday and After the completion set of lead task, we make the schedule
working timing will be from 11:00 pm to 8 pm with one combined with Project. the project schedule begins from the
hour off from 3 am to 4 am. It is basically used to work start of the scheduled date, completion time latter or earlier
for the projects that will be carried on at night shifts. than specified schedule, or some key time nodes have
3) 24 hours base calendar: According to this calendar, one changes, need to adjust to the project plan. The adjustment
has to work from midnight to midnight for seven days a methods could be divided into two: One is to adjust the time
week. This base calendar is usually practiced by limit, that is, through shorten or extend the main construction
manufacturing companies. Any of the three above project of time to meet the time limit. The other is to adjust
mentioned base calendars can be used as resource the lead task and time delay. the original plan use type of
calendar or project calendar or task calendar or all the complete-began, conducting project B after completing
three calendars can be used at a time. project A, under the premise of task reasonable cohesion, it
can be changed into began-began according to the actual
needs. That is project B began at the same time when project
A started, to ensure the implementation of the project
progress. A project performance value that is task and actual
duration of work is done by tracking the project in terms of
collecting, entering and analyzing. Second important phase is
tracking in project management. At start of actual work,
main thing to highlight in project planning is communicating
and developing the details of project plan. When actual work

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has been started, the next phase of project management is 12. Critical Path and Critical Tasks
tracking progress.
Determination of critical path is very important for the
11. Resource Allocation optimization of the project plan. It is well known that any
kind of adjustments to the critical path can lead to the change
Project will calculate the whole project resources demand of project‟s finish date resulting in changes in the resources,
curve according to the resource usage for each task, take up budget and scope of the project. So it becomes very
proportion being undertaken schedule, cost and effort, the important to determine the critical path as well as the critical
resources of the table by each specific work units, conduct tasks of every project using appropriate and proper methods.
automatic balance resources. And thus easy compute out the Here, in this project we have used CPM and PERT methods
purpose and the sub task flow working strength, adjusting for the determination of critical path.
time scale in “resources use situation”, configuring personnel
and cost according to the mission independently.

Resources are the materials or consumables or labors that are

used to complete the tasks allocated to the project. These
also define the expenditure or cost that will be incurred for
the materials used in the project. Resources can help in
following way:

 It helps in increasing the accuracy of a project. In case of

„Automatic Scheduling‟ selected, MSP 2010 will take into
account the project calendar, task dependencies and
duration and an accurate model of the project will be
ready. After assigning resources to the project, MSP 2010
adds working time and availability of resources to the
scheduled planned.
 It also helps in letting us to know, well ahead of time, the
overloading of the resources at any stage of the project as
well if there are any tasks that are under allocated. Later,
at the time of work progress, information regarding task Table 6: CPM Chart
progress can be generated and the requirement of any new Sr. Duration
Activity
under allocation or over allocation can be identified. No. in Days
1 Document review & plan formation 5
 It can also help in tracking progress of the project
2 Site cleaning 3
according to resource work. It can also indicate how much
3 Line out 2
time have been spent by a resource or how much time will 4 Excavation 4
be needed by it, this will be helpful in making any 5 Preparation of steel cage 2
necessary adjustments so that the project can keep moving 6 PCC 3
in the right direction. It will also be helpful in capturing 7 Column line out 2
actual progress data that can be used as historical 8 Footing 4
information for the future projects. 9 Column 3
 It helps in recording the cost, amount of materials 10 Ground beam 2
consumed and also their use in the project. This will be 11 Curing 3
beneficial for the well monitoring of the budget 12 Brick work up to plinth level 2
performance and also about the requirement of the record 13 Murum filling 3
supplies well in advance. 14 Compaction 1
 It is helpful in tracking some of the largest expenses in 15 Plinth beam 2
16 Installation of septic tank and plumbing pipe 1
project such as labour cost, material cost, equipment cost,
17 Bed concrete 5
transportation cost etc.
18 Column line out and column starter 3
 It will assure that proper resource allocation is followed 19 Column casting up to 7 feet 4
and nothing is slipped through the cracks. 20 Brick work up to 7 feet 7
 The following types of resources can be assigned to the 21 Seal casting 3
tasks: 22 Lintel 4
1) Work Resources: this includes equipment or people. 23 Loft and lintel 3
2) Material Resources: these include consumable 24 Porch slab 2
materials. 25 Brick level up to slab level 2
3) Cost Resources: these include cost of the items or 26 Slab beam casting 2
consumables incurred in performing a task. 27 Centring and shuttering 2
28 Slab casting 2
29 Head roomcolumn 3
30 Head room brick work 4

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31 Head room lintel 3 brick work
32 Head room slab 4 3
External plastering 9 10 11 10 0.1667 0.0277
33 Head room slab level brick work 5 4
34 External plastering 10 35 Internal plastering 9 10 11 10 0.1667 0.0277
35 Internal plastering 10 36 Plumbing 6 7 8 7 0.1667 0.0277
36 Plumbing 7 37 Electrification work 6 7 8 7 0.1667
37 Electrification work 7 38 MS Work 3 4 5 4 0.1667
38 MS Work 4 39 Steel railing 4 5 6 5 0.1667
39 Steel railing 5 40 Water proofing 3 4 5 4 0.1667 0.0277
40 Water proofing 4 41 Flooring 19 20 21 20 0.1667 0.0277
41 Flooring 20 42 POP 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277
42 POP 2 43 Wall putty 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277
43 Wall putti 3 Sliding window
44 9 10 11 10 0.1667 0.0277
44 Sliding window fixing 10 fixing
45 Door fixing 7 45 Door fixing 6 7 8 7 0.1667
46 Colour 18 46 Colour 17 18 19 18 0.1667 0.0277
47 Glass work 10 47 Glass work 9 10 11 10 0.1667
22 26
[1] Total 255 0.9418
Table 7: PERT Chart 6 4
Duration
Sr. Sd= (Tp- Calculations=
Activity To in Days Tm Te Variance
No To)/6
(Tp) X=√variance=0.970,
1
Document review &
4 5 6 5 0.1667 0.0277
Expected days =226 days
plan formation Z= (te-tp)/x = (226-255)/0.970 = -29.89
2 Site cleaning 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277 Probability = 0.3%
3 Line out 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277 Y= Probability of completion of project in 264 days
4 Excavation 4 4 5 4 0.1667 0.0277 Z= (te-tp)/x = (264-226)/0.970 = 39.17
Preparation of steel
5 2 2 3 2 0.1667 Probability = 98.3%
cage
Z=If probability is 90%, what is the project duration
6 PCC 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277
7 Column line out 1 2 3 2 0.1667
Z= (te-tp)/x,
8 Footing 3 4 5 4 0.1667 0.0277 1.5= (te-tp)/0.970 =384.12≈385 days
9 Column 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277
10 Ground beam 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277 13. Conclusion and Result
11 Curing 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277
Brick work up to Experience is very important in project management, but it is
12 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277
plinth level only part of the resource requirements. Large-scale scientific
13 Murum filling 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277 research projects often have lots of senate grinds unit, time is
14 Compaction 0 1 2 1 0.1667 0.0277 special tight. To work out the plan and repeated calculation
15 Plinth beam 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277
only by personal experience will often spend a lot of time
Installation of septic
and usually isn‟t easy to achieve objectives. Use the project
16 tank and plumbing 0 1 2 1 0.1667 0.0277
pipe management technology can do comprehensive management
17 Bed concrete 4 5 6 5 0.1667 0.0277 when managing a project. And it has characteristics of
Column line out and timely, rapid, accurate and convenient etc. Whatever, manual
18 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277 work only can‟t match it at all. For this reason, Depending
column starter
Column casting up on its significant role in project management, and its
19 3 4 5 4 0.1667 0.0277
to 7 feet characteristics of simple operation, easy to tracking and
Brick work up to 7 adjust, Project must will be widely used.
20 6 7 8 7 0.1667
feet
21 Seal casting 2 3 4 3 0.1667 We had used MS software for planning and scheduling of
22 Lintel 3 4 5 4 0.1667 material as well as labour, which gives us brief information
23 Loft and lintel 2 3 4 3 0.1667
about the activities in construction project, showing their
24 Porch slab 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277
start and finish time, and material and labour requirement as
Brick level up to
25 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277 well as project duration.
slab level
26 Slab beam casting 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277
Centring and We have done CPM and PERT analysis for Planning. The
27 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277 result obtained by our planning shows that the estimated time
shuttering
28 Slab casting 1 2 3 2 0.1667 0.0277 of completion of this project is 12 months and 8 days
29 Head room column 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277 approximately; highlighting the critical activities and critical
30
Head room brick
3 4 5 4 0.1667 0.0277
path duration required for completion for some activities are
work more than software result.
31 Head room lintel 2 3 4 3 0.1667 0.0277
32 Head room slab 3 4 5 4 0.1667 Which indicate that some activities are delayed by 4 months.
33 Head room slab level 4 5 6 5 0.1667 We have done resource allocation for those labour, material
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and activities which are delaying the project, then we
calculated the time required for completing the project using
software. Then the comparison between the result obtained
by the software and on actual site was done.

Hence, it was concluded that time required for completing

the project as per our planning and scheduling is 4 months
prior to their planning and scheduling. That‟s why we
completed our project in 8 months and 8 days. Hence our
method of planning and scheduling is more scientific

References
[1] Planning & scheduling by using Microsoft project: a case
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Mohd Johari Bin Othman
[2] A Project Management approach using Erp and
Primavera in construction industries by Miss AA.
LAKADE, Prof. A K.Gupta, Prof. D B. Desai
[3] Project Planning Techniques for Academic Advising and
Learning by VittalAnantatmula Projects and Their
Management by Guru Prakash Prabhakar
[4] MS PROJECT for construction schedulers (2011) by Ron
Winter, PSP, F. Burak Evrenosoglu Analyzing project
management research: Perspectives from top
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[5] Optimal planning and scheduling in multi-storied
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management software and its utilities (2014) by Hoang,
Nhat Minh Shrestha, Swastik Central Public Works
Department Analysis of Rates –Delhi
[6] MAHARASHTRA JEEVAN PRADHIKARAN schedule
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[7] Project Management Body of Knowledge (2000) edition

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