Math 116 - Review Chapter 4 Name___________________________________

1) Estimate the indicated probability by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial
distribution.
A certain question on a test is answered correctly by 22% of the respondents. Estimate the probability that
among the next 150 responses there will be at most 40 correct answers.

2) According to a college survey, 22% of all students work full time. Find the mean for the number of students
who work full time in samples of size 16.

3) A die is rolled 19 times and the number of twos that come up is tallied. If this experiment is repeated many
times, find the mean and the standard deviation for the number of twos rolled. Is it unusual to obtain three
twos?

4) In a certain town, 40% of adults have a college degree. The accompanying table describes the probability
distribution for the number of adults (among 4 randomly selected adults) who have a college degree. Find
the mean and the standard deviation for the probability distribution. Identify usual and unusual results with
the range rule of thumb.

5) The amount of coffee which a filling machine puts into an 8-ounce jar is normally distributed with a mean of
8.2 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.18 ounces Determine the percentage of samples of size 16 that have
a mean amount within 0.1 ounces of the population mean of 8.2 ounces.

6) Scores on an aptitude test are normally distributed with a mean of 220 and a standard deviation of 16.
Determine the percentage of samples of size 4 that have a mean score within 12 points of the population
mean score of 220. (Hint: This is the same as asking: What is the probability that the sample mean is between
208 and 232? (After you get the probability, write answer as a percent)

7) Which is larger, the area under the standard normal curve between -1 and 1, or the area under the standard
normal curve between 0 and 2? Explain your reasoning.

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 8) Which of the random variables described below is/are discrete random variables?

The random variable X represents the number of heads when a coin is flipped 20 times.

The random variable Y represents the number of calls received by a car tow service in a year.

The random variable Z represents the weight of a randomly selected student.

9) Fill in the blanks.

A fair coin is flipped 280 times. You wish to find the probability that the number of tails is greater than 160.
This probability can be estimated by finding the area to the right of _____ under the normal curve with μ =
____ and σ = ___.

Provide an appropriate response.

10) Which of the variables below do you think will be roughly normally distributed?

a. Weights of 10 year old boys

b. Incomes of 40 year old adults
c. The numbers that show up when you roll a balanced die
d. The amount of coffee which a filling machine puts into "4 ounce jars"

11) Two random variables are normally distributed with the same mean. One has a standard deviation of 10
while the other has a standard deviation of 15. How will the graphs of the two variables differ and how will
they be alike?

12) Most problems involving normally distributed variables are one of two types.

Type A: Find a probability or percentage, e.g. find the probability that X lies in a specified range.

Type B: Find the observation corresponding to a given probability or percentage.

Suppose that scores on a test are normally distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 8.
Which of the following questions below are of type B?

a. Find the 80th percentile.

b. Find the cutoff for the A grade if the top 10% get an A.
c. Find the percentage scoring more than 90.
d. Find the score that separates the bottom 30% from the top 70%.
e. Find the probability that a randomly selected student will score more than 80.

13) Estimate the indicated probability by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial
distribution.
Estimate the probability of getting exactly 43 boys in 90 births.

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14) True or false, areas under the standard normal curve cannot be negative, whereas z-scores can be positive or
negative?

15) A drug company claims that close to 70% of all physicians recommend their drug.
a) 700 physicians were asked if they recommend the drug to their patients. 47% said yes. What are the results
of the survey suggesting?
b) 700 physicians were asked if they recommend the drug to their patients. 75% said yes. What are the results
of the survey suggesting?

16) The annual precipitation for one city is normally distributed with a mean of 39.2 inches and a standard
deviation of 2.6 inches. Find the 2nd decile. This is the same as the 20th percentile.

17) Suppose we have a binomial distribution with 700 trials and probability of success of .70.
a) Show that it is appropriate to use a normal distribution to approximate this binomial distribution.
b) Find the mean and standard deviation for the distribution of sample proportions for samples of size 700.
c) Find the probability that p-hat is less than .47
d) Find the probability that p-hat is more than .74

18) The systolic blood pressure of 18-year-old women is normally distributed with a mean of 120 mmHg and a
standard deviation of 12 mmHg. What percentage of 18-year-old women have a systolic blood pressure that
lies within 3 standard deviations to either side of the mean?

19) Fill in the blanks.

Dave drives to work each morning at about the same time. His commute time is normally distributed with a
mean of 42 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. The percentage of time that his commute time
lies between 50 and 54 minutes is equal to the area under the standard normal curve between ___ and ___.

20) Based on past experience, a bank believes that 5% of the people who receive loans will not make payments
on time. The bank has recently approved 300 loans.
a) What is the shape of the distribution of sample proportions for samples of size 300?
b) What is the mean and the standard deviation of the proportion of clients in this group who may not make
timely payments?

21) The diameters of bolts produced by a certain machine are normally distributed with a mean of 0.30 inches
and a standard deviation of 0.01 inches. What percentage of bolts will have a diameter smaller than 0.32
inches?

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22) The table below describes the smoking habits of a group of asthma sufferers.

If ONE of the 1058 people is randomly selected, find the probability that
a) the person is a man or a heavy smoker.
b) The person is a nonsmoker or an occasional smoker.
c) The person is a man and a heavy smoker

d) If TWO of the 1058 people is randomly selected, find the probability that the two of them are women
(i) With replacement (ii) without replacement

23) In one city, the probability that a person will pass his or her driving test on the first attempt is 0.65. 11
people are selected at random from among those taking their drving test for the first time. What is the
probability that among these 11 people, the number passing the test is between 2 and 4 inclusive?

24) Determine whether the given procedure results in a binomial distribution. If not, state the reason why.
Rolling a single die 59 times, keeping track of the numbers that are rolled.

25) The weights of people in a certain population are normally distributed with a mean of and a standard
deviation of Determine the sampling distribution of the mean for samples of size 7; that is, state
whether the distribution of is normal or approximately normal and give its mean and standard
deviation.

26) A survey resulted in the sample data in the given table. If one of the survey respondents is randomly
selected, find the probability of getting someone who lives in a flat. Round to the nearest thousandth, if
necessary.

27) A test consists of 10 true/false questions. To pass the test a student must answer at least 6 questions
correctly. If a student guesses on each question, what is the probability that the student will pass the test?

28) What is the probability that 6 rolls of a fair die will show exactly three fives?

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29) You wish to approximate a binomial probability by an area under a normal curve. Use the continuity
correction to determine which area under the appropriate normal curve will approximate the required
probability.
The probability of more than 49 correct answers

30) Focus groups of 13 people are randomly selected to discuss products of the Yummy Company. It is
determined that the mean number (per group) who recognize the Yummy brand name is 10.3, and the
standard deviation is 0.73. Would it be unusual to randomly select 13 people and find that fewer than 7
recognize the Yummy brand name?

31) In a certain college, 33% of the physics majors belong to ethnic minorities. If 10 students are selected at
random from the physics majors, what is the probability that exactly 2 belong to an ethnic minority?

32) A bank's loan officer rates applicants for credit. The ratings are normally distributed with a mean of 200 and
a standard deviation of 50. Find the 6th decile. This is the same as the 60th percentile.

33) A bank's loan officer rates applicants for credit. The ratings are normally distributed with a mean of 200 and
a standard deviation of 50. If an applicant is randomly selected, find the probability of a rating that is
between 200 and 275.

34) In a certain class of students, there are 12 boys from Wilmette, 5 girls from Winnetka, 7 girls from
Wilmette, 5 boys from Glencoe, 2 boys from Winnetka and 8 girls from Glenoce. If the teacher calls upon a
student to answer a question, what is the probability that the student will be a boy?

35) For the binomial distribution with the given values for n and p, state whether or not it is suitable to use
the normal distribution as an approximation.
n = 27 and p = 0.6

36) The mean annual income for adult women in one city is $28,520 and the standard deviation of the incomes is
$5600. The distribution of incomes is skewed to the right. Determine the sampling distribution of the mean
for samples of size 95; that is, state whether the distribution of is normal or approximately normal and
give its mean and standard deviation.

37) Determine the two z-scores that divide the area under the standard normal curve into a middle 0.874 area
and two outside 0.063 areas.

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 38) Determine whether the following is a probability distribution. If not, identify the requirement that is not
satisfied.

39) Determine whether the given procedure results in a binomial distribution. If not, state the reason why.
Rolling a single die 39 times, keeping track of the "fives" rolled.

40) Determine the possible values of the random variable.For a randomly selected student in a particular high
school, let Y denote the number of living grandparents of the student. What are the possible values of the
random variable Y?

1) 0.9306

2) 3.52

3) 3.16, 1.624, not unusual because it is within two standard deviations from the mean.

4) 1.6, 0.98

5) 97.36%

6) 86.64%

7) Answers will vary. Possible answer: The area under the standard normal curve between -1 and 1 is larger. The area
under the curve between 0 and 1 is common to both areas. The area under the curve between -1 and 0 is larger than
the area under the curve between 1 and 2 because it is closer to the mean.

8) X and Y

9) 160.5, 140, 8.37

10) a and d

11) Both graphs will have the same shape (they will both be bell-shaped) and they will be centered at the same place
(the common mean). The graph of the variable with the smaller standard deviation will be narrower and taller than
the other graph.

12) a, b, d

13) 0.0764

14)

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15) a) According to the answer to problem 6, 47% is an unusually low score. The "close to zero" probability suggests
that we are almost certain that the percentage of physicians that recommend the drug is actually lower than 70%.
b) According to the answer to problem 6-d, 74% is an unusually high score. The small probability suggests that
PROBABLY, the percentage of physicians that recommend the drug is actually higher than 70%.

16) 37.016 inches

17) b) mean of p-hat = 0.70, st.dev.of p-hat = .0173205

c) P(p-hat , .47) is almost 0
d) P(p-hat > .74 ) = 0.10

18) 99.74%

19) 2, 3

20) a) Since np and nq are both greater than 5, the distribution of sample proportions is approximately normally
distributed
b) μ = .05 = 5% σ = .013 = 1.3%

21) 97.72%

22) 0.520

23) 0.0499

24) Not binomial: there are more than two outcomes for each trial.

25) Normal, mean = 152 lb, standard deviation = 8.69 lb

26) 0.174

27) 0.377

28) 0.0536

29) The area to the right of 49.5

30) Yes

31) A success is that a person belongs to an ethnic minority.

p = 0.33
n = 10

P(X = 2) = = 0.1990

32) 212.5

33) 0.4332

34) 0.487

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35) Normal approximation is suitable.

36) Approximately normal, mean = $28,520, standard deviation = $ 575

37) -1.53, 1.53

38) Not a probability distribution. The sum of the P(x)'s is not 1.

39) Procedure results in a binomial distribution.

40) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4