“Vermicomposting: Reusing Overripe Vegetables to Create and Utilize a Homemade

Fertilizer of a Tomato Plant (Solanum Lycopersicum)”

Roshaia Louise S. Bianes

Glenn Aldrich L. Buenavente

Sally May H. Cain

Curly Kate M. Co

John Michael D. Remitar

Florissa I. Rodriguez

La Consolacion College Deparo Novaliches Caloocan City

2020-2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………………………….1
Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………………………..2

 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..2-3
 Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………….3-4
 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………….…4-5
 Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………5
 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………6
 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………..………6-7
 Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………………7
 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………..8-9

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature…………………………………………………..…10-18

 Local Related Sources……………………………………………………………..…10-15

 International Related Sources……………………………………………………...…15-18

Chapter 3: Methodology…………………………………………………………………...…19-29

 Method of Research…………………………………………………………………..19-20
 Method of Collecting Data…………………………………………………………...20-21
 Statistical Treatment……………………………….…………………………………….21
 Materials and Procedure………………………………………...……………………22-29

Chapter 4: Results and Discussion…………………………………………………………...30-40

Chapter 5: Summary Conclusion and Recommendation……………………………………..41-43
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………….44-48
Appendices………………………………………………………………….…………..……49-62

 Appendices A: Raw Data……………………………………………………….……49-51

 Appendices B: Photographs……………………………………………………..……52-56
 Appendices C: Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………….……57-62
 ABSTRACT

In this experimental study, the process of vermicomposting is used to produce a fertilizer

used for the tomato plant. The experiment was conducted with three different setups according to

its treatment with 3 replicas of each setup. There are three different parameters in which three

treatments were done: treatment 1 used vermicast fertilizer, treatment 2 used NPK 14-14-14

(triple 14) chemical fertilizer, and control treatment is done to the third set of tomato plants. This

research aims to determine the best way to improve the plant growth and yield performance of

the tomato plant among the three treatments. Moreover, the study also showed the effects of

vermicast fertilizer and triple 14 chemical fertilizer on the tomato plant in terms of plant height,

duration of plant growth, stem diameter, and root length. In the process of vermicomposting

overripe vegetables are used as a source of nutrients and the excreted waste or vermicast that are

manually separated are used for treatment 1. Two grams of vermicast and triple 14 fertilizer are

applied four (4) times with 10 days interims. Treatment 1, 2, and 3 didn’t show high intervals

between their records, however, treatment 1 that used vermicast treatment showed the highest

average in terms of plant height, stem diameter, and root length among the three setups. The data

collected in the study showed that vermicast is an appropriate source of nutrients for a tomato

plant.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The research would not be probable and successfully done without the people who gave

support and assistance to the researchers. Particularly, the researchers would like to extend their

utmost gratitude to the people who have given them support and assistance in accomplishing this

research.

To God Almighty, who has granted countless blessings and knowledge that the

researchers needed in conducting this research.

To the researchers’ parents, who provided financial and mental support for the things

needed in completing the research.

To the members, who willingly assisted one another in performing their assignments and

duties in order to make their study successful; without their perseverance and unwavering

encouragement, they would not be able to reach this milestone on completing their study.

To their instructor in Practical Research 2, Mr. Oliver Ramos, for providing them with

additional information and entertaining their research inquiries.

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 CHAPTER 1

This chapter presents the introduction, theoretical framework, conceptual framework,

statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation of the

research.

INTRODUCTION

Every year, 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted globally, one-third of all food produced

for human consumption, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the

United Nations. Food waste has been one of the most common problems in our country. The

country's solid waste typically comprises organic composition. According to the National Solid

Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), Solid waste composition 2015 data, 52 percent of

disposed waste dominated in the Philippines is biodegradable such as food scraps, kitchen waste,

and garden waste. Through the effective use of resources and natural resources, researchers aim

to create a homemade fertilizer that will be done in a zero-waste approach to control and run the

organic wastes. The fertilizer made with the process of vermicomposting can also be the

replacement for other commercial fertilizers concerning that the resources used are affordable

and can locate at home.

The influential step towards the creation of waste-free homemade fertilizer is doing the

process of vermicomposting. Vermicomposting is a very effective and practical method of

transforming solid organic waste into an environmentally-friendly, useful and valuable means. It

is an accelerated process that involves bio-oxidation and stabilization of the waste as a result of

the interactions between some species of earthworms and microorganisms (Dominguez et al.,

2009). Vermicompost has a higher nutritional value than traditional composts. And that is due to

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the increased rate of mineralization and degree of humification by the action of earthworms

(Albanell et al. 1988). Earthworms provide beneficial nutrients for the soil through their excreted

waste called castings. These castings are rich in phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, and magnesium

which are essential nutrients that help with plant growth and plant health.

Researchers will give significance regarding the field of vermicomposting as another

source of nutrients for plants. The experiment requires the formulation of a vermicompost bin.

The bin will contain overripe green vegetables as the food of the earthworms. Instead of getting

rid of overripe vegetables, using it as a valuable source of nutrients in the vermicompost bin is

the best option for this study. The existence of the vermicompost bin will perform an influential

role in the research and intends to be a sustainable and eco-friendly option. The study proposes

to show the effectiveness of the developed homemade fertilizer throughout the process of the

research.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

According to Rakesh Joshi et al., 2014, vermicompost is ideal organic manure for better

growth and yield of many plants. It can increase the production of crops and prevent them from

harmful pests without polluting the environment. Vermicomposting is a significant but not yet

fully understood transformation that takes place, where the developed organic worm manure is

rich in microbial activity and plant growth regulators. In short, earthworms with the process of

vermicomposting, can turn garbage into something 'gold' (Crescent, 2003). Vermicompost

stimulates to influence the microbial activity of the soil, increases the availability of oxygen,

maintains normal soil temperature, improves soil porosity, and infiltration of water, it also

improves nutrient content and increases growth, yield, and quality of the plant (Arora et al.,

2011).  Vermicompost (VC), when used as fertilizer, not only bears a positive impact on soil

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quality, plant growth, and yield but also enhances the nutritional value of crops produced. It also

increases soil structural stability and reduces the vulnerability of soil to calamities like erosion

(Lamichhane, 2018). The application of vermicompost at higher doses helped increase leaf yield

but did not help reach near the recommended dose of NPK (Washimkar, 2005).

Finding out and searching for in-depth knowledge about the utilization of

vermicomposting procedure, formulation direction, and the other methodological ways to

conduct the experiment. The efficacy of implementation, the contribution, classification, and

qualities of a vermicompost fertilizer and analyzing the compound and properties presented, also

includes the proper practices management to support the production of a healthy crop with the

help of vermiculture. Furthermore, also to justify the means of having a balanced and controlled

sensitivity of agriculture in either a minor or major scale.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Globally, the problem that a lot of countries are facing is organic waste. Researchers

made a way of the zero-waste approach to control and run the organic wastes. Food waste has

been one of the most common problems in our country. A lot of those vegetable scraps are

thrown away instead of being recycled. The researchers proposed the use of vermiculture

because earthworms provide beneficial nutrients for the soil through their excreted waste called

castings. These castings are rich in phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, and magnesium which are

essential nutrients that help with plant growth and plant health. With vermicomposting,

researchers converted the organic wastes into a fertilizer that is capable of having a rich nutrient

plant. It is the key to having a sustainable environment and increase organic farming.

1. What are the factors that affect the growth of the plant?

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 2. Which of the three setups are the best way to nourish a plant?

3. What are the effects of worm castings and the chemical fertilizer (NPK 14-14-14) to

the following plant concerns:

a. plant height

b. duration of plant growth

c. stem diameter

d. root length

HYPOTHESIS

Growing an environment where it can lead to enhance indoor gardening practically and

naturally without the means of the rhizosphere. The use of organic manure implementation was

incredibly achieved, containing all the importance of macro and micro plant nutrients. The

essentiality and presence of creating the compost bin in terms of vermicomposting are to increase

the relationship of soil nutrients and having a rich fertilizer. Earthworm fragments, the ultimate

role for soil formation, soil volume, microflora, and fauna. Earthworms also produced such

external structures that are a perfect fit within the contact of the soil, this experiment will make

our tomato plant in high-order cultivation.       

With the proper dosage of fertilizers for each plant, the effects of the fertilizer will be

observed through the growth of the plant: stem diameter, root length, and plant height. The

researchers of this study hypothesized that the worm castings collected will be a good alternative

for commercial fertilizers. There will be minimal food waste as it is beneficial for

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 vermicomposting. The fertilizer aims to be a sustainable and eco-friendly waste management

option.         

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT VARIABLES

VARIABLES
 Plant Height
 Vermicast (worm castings)  Duration of Plant Growth
 Chemical Fertilizer (14-14-  Stem Diameter
14 Fertilizer)  Root Length

USING A COMMERCIAL
FERTILIZER

USING THE PROCESS OF

DEVELOPMENT OF
USING THE WORM VERMICOMPOSTING OUT OF
SOLANUM
CASTINGS (VERMICAST) OVERRIPE GREEN
LYCOPERSICUM
VEGETABLES
(Tomato plant)

CONTROL TREATMENT

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

Vermicomposting plays a major role in improving the growth and yield of different field

crops, vegetables, and flower and fruit crops. It applies to people who are living in urban areas

that unlike rural areas, are lacking space for planting. The earthworm manure collected from the

vermicomposting procedure has a great impact in regards to indoor planting. It’s cheaper for the

resources used are affordable, and the materials required for the creation of the fertilizer can be

found at home. Having vermicast as another source of fertilizer helps plenty of individuals to be

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more accessible to planting without releasing much expense, but just by crafting or creativity.

This study will provide knowledge to others about the benefits of vermicast as another source of

fertilizer and how it will affect the components of the living plants. Thus, the beneficiaries of the

study are the following:

Gardeners

This study will provide knowledge about the effectiveness of vermicast as an

alternative fertilizer to a tomato plant. 

Consumers

With the information obtained from this study, it can give awareness to the

consumers, particularly for consumers of tomatoes ensuring consumers with a good tomato

quality. 

Environment

The process of vermicomposting executed in this study uses overripe vegetables

as the source of nutrients. Using overripe vegetables for planting activities can reduce food

wastes in our country and contribute to our environment. 

Future Researchers

Future researchers can use the process and findings of our study as a basis for

their research. 

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The main focus of the study is the effectiveness of the natural homemade fertilizer in a

tomato plant. The worm castings collected is the result of the vermicomposting process. The

vermicompost bin includes overripe vegetables. The process uses the bed method, in which

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newspaper acts as the bedding and overripe vegetables as the food for the earthworms. The

limitations of the study are the things and events that are not in the scope.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Boron is the chemical element of atomic number 5, a nonmetallic solid. 

Castings are then excreted waste of an earthworm which are rich in phosphorus, calcium,

nitrogen, and magnesium.

Compost is an organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting.

This process recycles various organic materials otherwise regarded as waste products and

produces a soil conditioner    

Fertilizer is any material of natural substance or synthetic origin and chemical that is

applied to soil or plant tissues to supply more nutrients essential to the growing plants. 

Horticulturist is an expert in or student of garden cultivation and management.

Horticulture is the agriculture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort, and beauty

for decoration. Horticulturist applies knowledge, skills, and technologies to grow intensively

produced plants for human food, and non-food uses for personal or social needs.

N-P-K is short for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium this is the “Big 3” primary

nutrients in commercial fertilizers. Each of these fundamental nutrients plays a key role in plant

nutrition. 

Nitrogen is considered to be the most important nutrient, and plants absorb more

nitrogen than any other element. 

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 Organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds it can be found

within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. The matter is composed of

organic compounds that have come from the remains of an organism such as plants and animals

and waste products in the environment.

Phosphorus is linked to a plant’s ability to use and store energy, including the process of

photosynthesis. It’s also needed to help plants grow and develop normally. Phosphorus in

commercial fertilizers comes from phosphate rock.

Potassium is the third key nutrients of commercial fertilizers. It helps strengthen plants’

abilities to resist disease and plays an important role in increasing crop yields and overall quality.

Potassium also protects the plants when the weather is cold or dry, strengthening its root system

and preventing wilt. 

Vermicomposting is the product of the decomposition process using various species of

worms most popular is earthworms to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste,

materials, and vermicast to convert to organic waste into fertilizer.

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 CHAPTER 2: Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the studies that researchers found in exploration regarding

vermicomposting and discovered further knowledge. Several studies have addressed the

vermicomposting process as a zero-waste approach for waste management concerning the

relentless increase of organic waste is one of the causes of different environmental problems

around the world. In the matter of effectivity, various researchers conducted experiments for

their studies. The literature review will present reviews from local and international studies

connected to the study.

LOCAL RELATED SOURCES

According to the work of Elena (2016), the productivity of vermicomposting might be

estimated by the number of worms and the additional biomass and the vermicompost delivered.

To accomplish high proficiency, one of the keys is the choice of the legitimate substrate made

out of bedding materials and food source for earthworms. A 3x3 examination with the plant

matter and animal manures as the components were directed to decide the productivity of

vermicomposting as demonstrated by worm biomass. An example of vermicompost from every

treatment was brought to the soil research facility for NPK examination. It is presumed that the

effectiveness of creating vermicompost is influenced by the substrate materials and that it could

be expanded by choosing proper substrates.

The bedding materials should give an amiable climate and the food for the worms. In this

investigation, it was estimated that the various substrates (bedding material+food source) will

influence the productivity of fertilizer. Vermicomposting in various bedding material (Factor A)

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and the food source of earthworm (Factor B). Factor A has rice straw, G. sepium leaves, and

sawdust. Factor B is composed of cattle, chicken, and hog manures. There are nine treatments in

each with three replications that were utilized and disseminated in a randomized plan. Every

treatment is a blend of one plant material and one animal manure.

Elena (2016) concluded that the substrates with sawdust and rice straw are ideal for

increment in number and all-out weight addition of worms and less positive with G. sepium

leaves. Among the animal and hog manure, it is best for the proliferation and development of

worms. The individual weight is supported by higher nutritive estimation of the substrate and by

lower enlarging of the population.

The study of Mojares et al. (2020) focused to discuss the development of Malvar to be

the organic capital of Batangas. The researchers of the study interviewed different stakeholders

such as farmers, municipal agriculture officer, municipal environment officer, natural resources

officer, partner non-government organization, and community residents. Based on organic

agriculture sustainability metrics, an analysis was provided. The intensified waste management

program shredded the segregated and collected biodegradable wastes. The shredded

biodegradable wastes were used to feed African Night Crawler that will provide vermicast which

would be prepared as organic fertilizer. The experiment resulted in successful vermicompost

producing organic fertilizer subsidy to farmers; biogas technology facility that also produces

organic fertilizer for the agrosilvo-pasture technology.

The organic fertilizer value chain in Cagayan Valley, Philippines was studied by Padilla

et al. (2017). Corn and banana crop residues were found to be the primary sources of phosphorus

and potassium respectively while nitrogen sources are animal wastes particularly chicken dung

(Padilla et al., 2017). Several cooperatives are engaged in organic production but the operations

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are within the infant stage that needs strong technical and support from the govt and NGOs. The

origin of organic fertilizers is from input suppliers who were swine, cattle, and poultry raisers

and utilize animal waste for the plants. The sources of phosphorus and potassium are crop

residues such as corn, banana, and rice crops were and the nitrogen sources were the chicken

dung. Organic fertilizer produced in Cagayan Valley has low macronutrient content ranging from

1% to 5% only. Hence, organic fertilizer can only serve as a soil conditioner and cannot fully

provide the nutrient requirement of rice and corn which were the major crops in the valley. An

abrupt shift to organic agriculture would threaten food security and self-sufficiency in the

Cagayan valley.

According to the work of Alcantara and Gonzaga (2015), the application of the fertilizer

is also intense in cultivation as the tomato is a heavy feeder crop. Besides the variety,

fertilization is an important element in optimizing the yield of tomatoes. One way to increase

tomato production is with the use of organic fertilizers such as vermicomposting. Vermicast has

been reported to be successful in enhancing root formation, elongation of the stem, and

production of biomass. Vermicast, like any other agricultural fertilizer, can be added to plants by

banding and finishing processes. Tomato growers commonly practiced fertilization, particularly

with organic fertilizers such as chicken dung. In the course of fertilization, the farmers mixed

fertilizer into the water and applied it to plants by drip or sprinkler. In sweet corn, the yield was

improved when applied at 90 kg N / ha using a drip fertilization system over a band fertilization

system (Alcantara and Gonzaga, 2015).

In the study of Besas et al. (2020), the important changes in the horticultural

characteristics of lettuce have been identified with the application of various vermicomposting

materials. The single application of either vermicompost, vermitea, and vermicompost drips

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yielded taller plants with larger and more formed leaves comparable to those plants with

synthetic fertilizer application. But the growth of lettuce was further increased by the combined

application of vermicompost and vermicompost drips. The discovery has demonstrated the value

of the nutrients present in both inorganic and organic fertilizers have greatly increased

experimental plant growth and yield as a fertilizer application relative to unfertilized care.

A field experiment was conducted to prove the utilization of fertilizer on the dry matter

and nutrient uptake of sweet corn at the research station in Central Mindanao University of the

Institute of Plant Breeding-University of the Philippines, Los Baños (IPB-UPLB) at Bukidnon,

Philippines on February 2016 to May 2016. The management and data collection started after the

seeding up to the harvesting period. The weed population was heavily observed to prevent

competition for nutrients. The implementation of pesticides prevented the infestation of insect

pests. The nitrogen absorption of sweet corn is heavily influenced by fertilizer materials. The

data confirmed the observation that the nitrogen content of corn plants is expected to be high in

those plots treated with inorganic fertilizers. It is also known that the nutrients present in

inorganic fertilizers are easily available for usage. It was observed that the sweet corn plant

treated with the full recommended value of inorganic fertilizer resulted in the highest phosphorus

content, while the plant with no treatment of fertilizer resulted in the lowest phosphorus content.

The statistical analysis determined the significant influence of the fertilizer. This explains that

native phosphorus is the only source of nutrition for crop development. The final results showed

that the application of inorganic fertilizer and vermicompost would significantly affect the dry

matter yield and the nutrient uptake of sweet corn plants.

(Guzman et al., 2019) concluded that sludge produced from wastewater treatment

facilities has been applied in farming as soil conditioners. Notwithstanding, the deficient or

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potentially wrong treatment of wastewater may bring about sludge that may in any case contain

heavy metals, helminth ova, and coliforms representing a danger to the two people and the

environment. The examination features the requirement for raising public awareness and

instructing farmers on the potential dangers related to the utilization of raw sludge for

agribusiness. This examination is expected to research the capability of sludge as a safe and

financially alternative soil conditioner. In particular, the examination intended to: (a) decide the

physicochemical qualities and arrangement of the sludge acquired from different sources; and (b)

depict the viability of different sludge treatment measures for heavy metal, helminth ova, and

coliform removal. This investigation shows that the raw sludge tests from either kind of

treatment plant didn't meet the base prerequisites set in PNS/BAFS 183:2016. High

convergences of Cd and Hg in sludge from the sewage treatment plant were found to surpass the

greatest passable level. Additionally, the presence of helminth ova in sludge from the septage

treatment plant demonstrates that raw sludge can't be suggested for land application as a soil

conditioner. Consequently, there is a requirement for additional treatment preceding its

utilization inland application to forestall dangers to both the climate and human wellbeing.

Further and more escalated work is important to explore the valuable impacts of vermicompost

on plants. As this examination delivered vermicomposts with low degrees of supplements,

treating the soil of slime with supplement rich natural waste materials is exceptionally

recommended to boost its maximum capacity for soil correction.

The study of Villaver et al. 2019 was conducted to find out the perceptions of vermi

raisers on different vermicomposting practices adopted in Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines. The

vermi raisers in Zamboanga Del Sul responded that the vermi population with the inclusion of

5% banana, jackfruit, and banana peelings in the substrate. The vermiculture faced many

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problems and one of the serious problems during vermicast production is the high cost of inputs

and pests' invasion. Based on the results, the vermi raisers must utilize available resources of

feeding materials to avoid pathogens, cover the worm bed with plywood, galvanized iron, and

canvass to enhance the eating ability of worms, and maintain a sufficient amount of moisture to

avoid the worms from escaping.

Various projects to automate agricultural methods are developed. Each of them has its

drawbacks. Concerning this, a project focusing on organic wastes entitled Automated

Vermicomposting System (of Proper Waste Ratio + MCU Vermicomposting Bed) developed by

Embalzado et al. (2019). Vermicomposting will be improved with the use of additional research

as well as the waste ratio determinant prototype’s data as the input. Embalzado and his

colleagues implemented Waste Ratio as an input, Microcontroller for the worm bin environment,

and the Trommel for the automated harvesting. The study proved that vermicomposting at home

can be done automatically without the use of hands. The researchers of the study gamble that in

the future it will improve the fertilizers and the fertilizers will be marketed at a lower cost.

INTERNATIONAL RELATED SOURCES

According to Sharma and Garg (2019), the constant expansion of organic waste is one of

the causes of different environmental problems around the world. Different greenhouse gasses

emitted from solid waste dumps takes a place in global warming. Biodegradable wastes produced

from different sectors such as animal waste, agricultural waste, industrial, waste, and municipal

waste can be utilized as raw materials for vermicomposting (Soobhany et al., 2017). The

production of vermicomposting is a part of solving the problem with organic waste (Kostecka et

al., 2018). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nations stated that one-third of

food produced around the world is wasted. Kostecka et al. (2018) concluded that with the

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process of vermicomposting, kitchen organic waste can be transformed into organic fertilizer that

contains nutrients.

Vermicomposting is a biotechnique in which waste is converted into manure by

employing earthworms and microorganisms (Bhat et al., 2018). The most effective epigeic

earthworms for vermicomposting are Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei, Eudrilus eugeniae, and

Perionyx excavates, notwithstanding that they can consume a wide variety of organic wastes

(Sharma and Garg, 2019).

In the work of Ramnarain et al. (2017), Eisenia Foetida has a successful income in

vermicomposting rice straw, dry grass clippings, and cow manure. The vermicompost product

had a dark color, a mull-like soil odor and it was homogeneous. Micro- and macro-plant

nutrients are all present and it was the indication of the achievement of getting an environment-

friendly nutrientrich fertilizer for the agriculture sector. Possibilities of the production of

vermicompost using other types of waste material and manure should also be explored in future

studies. The study conducted an experiment where vermicomposting was done in three

treatments [T1 (Rice straw), T2 (Rice straw+grass), and T3 (Grass)] using the Eisenia Foetida.

During the process, temperature, humidity, and pH were measured. The vermicompost

accumulated had an excellent nutrient status, confirmed by the chemical analyses, and contained

all the essential macro- and micronutrients. The effect of vermicompost on growth parameters of

the selected vegetable plant, namely okra (A. esculentus L.), was studied by Yuvaraj et al.

(2016). The growth attributes like plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, root length, shoot

length, wet weight, and dry weight have increased altogether the vermicompost treatments

except for 100% vermicompost and garden soil treatment. In the study, earthworms used for PL

decomposition were confirmed as Drawida sulcata based on taxonomic features as described by

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Kathireswari et al. (2005). The main purpose of the study of Yuvaraj et al. (2016) was to

evaluate the nutrient enrichment of PL through vermicomposting. Moreover, several mixtures

were used, to find out which decomposes faster and releases nutrients in plant-available forms. It

has been reported that amendment materials can stimulate microbial activity resulting in the

enrichment of essential nutrients (Gupta et al. 2016).

Tomato is rich in carotenoids and phenolic compounds with antioxidant and

antiinflammatory effects and plays a critical role in the defense against oxidative stress and other

chronic diseases (Arjune et al., 2019). It’s rich in nutrients and it’s widely used for human

consumption either cooked or raw.

Demirsoy and Aydin (2020) aimed at the quantitative study of seedling quality and

seedling growth processes to a level that can combat rivals in organic seedling growing. Using

higher quality, healthier, and early seeding production is targeted. In this research seaweed

extract and liquid vermicompost, fertilizer applications were made. Besides, these applications

have seen used in trials in different doses mixtures. The study investigated the effects of different

fertilizer applications on seedling growth.

Instead of synthetic chemicals used for health and fast growth of tomato, most businesses

utilize seaweed solutions to provide more natural, healthier, faster, and more efficient plant

growth than the chemicals. Seaweed has an increasing impact on both fertility and quality by

enabling the crops to get the macro and micro nutritional elements from the soil moderately and

steadily. A three-year field experiment was carried out on an individual farm in Łańcut, located

in the Rzeszów Foothills, from May to October, in 2016–2018 years. The researchers used soil

with the granulometric composition of loamy silt and the second valuation class of arable land; a

type of brown soil developed from loess (Systematics of Polish Soils 6, 2019). Two cultivation

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technologies were used: no fertilization was applied; the second technology, fertilization with the

vermicompost made of the sheep manure was used. The experimental plots were protected

against excessive weed infestation by shielding it with a dark polyethylene film from the start of

the growing season, while the other used solar energy better. The yield of sweet potato also

depends on the type of soil and its abundance of nutrients. The vermicompost used in the

experiment slowly releases nutrients (Ali et al. 2015; Mahmud et al. 2018) and therefore, after its

application to the soil, it secured the supply for nutrients throughout the growing season

(Granberry et al. 2007). On the contrary, an experiment conducted by Mahmud et al. (2020),

wherein the harvested ex Vitro MD2 pineapple fruits are have treated with different types of

fertilizer. The data analysis showed that with regards to plant height, the number of leaves,

length, and width of D-leaves, stomatal density, and stomatal size, between the plants treated

with vermicompost and chemical fertilizer was not notably different.

Vermicompost is known to improve plant development, and consequently help with

phytoremediation while simultaneously incidentally immobilize metal pollutants (Korkmaz et

al., 2015). The study of Korkmaz et al. (2015) concluded that phytoremediation is turning into a

significant device in the bioremediation of metal contamination in soils. Phytoremediation is a

less expensive procedure and a process that consolidates a few strategies to remediate soil defiled

with hefty metals and other poisonous toxins. Phytoremediation incorporates plants chose for

their capacity to metals (for example phytochelatin plants that can remobilize metals with its aim

of plant take-up), soil changes, and agronomic practices that help the development of plants. The

effectiveness of the joining forces of vermicompost and phytoremediation leads to help in the

plan of metropolitan best administration rehearses for storm management.

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 CHAPTER 3: Methodology

This chapter presents the procedure and materials used in the study. This discusses the

method of research, method of collecting data, and materials and procedure of the research.

METHOD OF RESEARCH

Experimental Site

This study is an experimental research which is entitled “Vermicomposting: Reusing

Overripe Vegetables to Create and Utilize a Homemade Fertilizer of a Tomato Plant (Solanum

Lycopersicum)”This study was conducted from November 13, 2020, until January 11, 2021 in

Bignay Valenzuela (14° 42' 45.53" N; 120° 56' 22.45" E), Metro Manila, Philippines. The

vermicompost bin was maintained under natural light conditions at an approximate temperature

of 25º and no over 30º C.

Treatments and Experimental Design

The tomato plants are treated using a randomized complete block design, in which the

researchers provided three different setups with 3 replicas of each setup. The treatments

consisted of the tomato plants treated with the vermicast or worm manure (Pot A, D, and G), the

second tomato plant treated with a commercial fertilizer (Pot B, E and H), and the control plant

without any treatment of fertilizer (Pot C, F, and I).

The seeds are first implanted in pots with a height of 9 cm, opening diameter of 7 cm, and

an external diameter of 5 cm in the first thirty days of the experiment. When the plants started

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growing up to 10 cm, researchers transferred the plants into a different pots with a height of 7

cm, opening diameter of 9 cm and external diameter of 6 cm with the same label of pots

according to their treatment. Ten days after planting, two grams of fertilizers are applied to pots

A,D, G, B, E, and H. Worm casting was applied to pot A, D, and G while triple 14 fertilizer

(complete fertilizer) to pot B, E and H by side-dressing fertilizer application. Researchers have

three corresponding setups, which means three setups were observed based on their categories:

pots A, D, and G, with worm castings; pots B, E, and H with triple 14 fertilizer; pots C, F, and I

for the controlled treatment. The pots are placed on the benches inside the garage of the

experimental site where there is a sufficient amount of sunlight in the day time.

The application of chemical fertilizer and worm castings is specified and being relied on

each harvest. The first harvest of worm casting is applied 10 days after the creation of the

vermicompost bin. Triple 14 fertilizer and worm castings are applied on the same day and time.

The second application of each fertilizer are applied after ten days of the recent application.

Fertilizers will be added to pot A, D, G, B, E, and H every 10 days.

Chemical fertilizer, worm castings, and the soil were studied to provide information on

its chemical composition and properties.

METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA

Vermicast Samples

The first collection of vermicast (worm castings) is performed 10 days after the

creation of the vermicompost bin. Every 10 days collection of worm castings are done and with

the use of gloves, the vermicast is manually separated from the earthworm.

Chemical Fertilizer Samples

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 The chemical fertilizer used is a complete fertilizer from the brand Fertilaid. It is

triple 14 (14-14-14) complete fertilizer wherein the Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) and Potassium

(K) is determined.

Growth Parameters

Plant Height: The height of the plant is measured in centimeters (cm). With the

use of tape measure, the height of each plant is measured 15 days after planting and every 5 days

after putting the worm castings and chemical fertilizer, the height improvement is measured.

Duration of the Growth of the Plant: Data are recorded in each plant.

Stem Diameter: Data are measured after the 5th application of fertilizer (50 days

after planting).

Root Length: After removing the plant from the soil, data are collected with the

use of a tape measure.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

1. Temperature (Mean)

∑ of recorded temperature
Number of days

2. Relative Humidity (Mean)

∑ of recorded humidity value

Number of days

3. Plant Height (Mean)

∑ of recorded plant height ∈each parameter

Number of plants

4. Root Length
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 ∑ of recorded root length∈each parameter
Number of plants

MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE

Materials

Figure 1. Photo of the container used for the first 30 days

Figure 2. Photo of Soil

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 Figure 3. Photo of Tomato Seeds

Figure 4. Photo of Complete fertilizer (14-14-14)

For vermicomposting, 10 pieces of African Night Crawler (Eudrilus eugeniae) is

used.

Non-glossy paper acted as the bedding. 1/8 cup of coffee grounds and crushed eggshells are also

used for the vermicompost bin.

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 Figure 5. Photo of the Container Used as a Bin

Figure 6. Photo of Manila paper Used as Bedding

Figure 7. Photo of 1/8 cup of Coffee Grounds

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 Figure 8: Photo of Crushed eggshells

Figure 9. Photo of African Night Crawler

Procedures

Vermicomposting

In the preparation of the vermicompost bin, the bin is drilled with holes for airflow.

Manila paper acted as the bedding and are soaked in water before it was placed in the bin for

about 1 inch high because earthworms need to live with moisture. Earthworms must live in a

moist environment to live and to breathe through their skin for they do not have lungs

(Benningfield, 2020). The soil is placed on top of the bedding. On top of the soil, overripe

vegetables are layered with 2 tablespoons of coffee grounds and 1 cup of crushed eggshells.

Every day, vegetables are added.

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 Figure 10. Photo of the drilled container

Figure 11. Photo of the soaked Manila paper placed on top of the drilled container

Figure 12. Photo of soil placed on top of the bedding

Preparing the soil and planting

On November 13, 2020, the planting started with the approximate average day

temperature at 32°C.

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Transferring the soil. Using the disposable spoon, the soil is transferred into a container with a

height of 9 cm, opening diameter of 7 cm, and an external diameter of 5 cm.

Figure 13. Photo of transferred the soil in the container

Planting. With the use of a disposable spoon, put the seeds on each container, and cover the

seeds with layered soil. Water it with 10 ml of water two to three times a day.

Figure 14. Photo of the seeds in the soil

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 Figure 15. Photo of covering the seeds with soil and spray 30 ml water on it.

Collecting the vermicast

The collection of worms casting is done manually by moving out and spreading the

contents of the vermicompost bin at the bottom. On the other side, bury the food on the soil to

feed the worms exclusively and harvest the worm castings from the opposite side.

Figure 16 and Figure 17. Photos of vermicast collected a day after the vermicast harvesting.

Fertilizer Application

Using the side dressing application of fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and worm castings are

applied circles around the plants. 10 grams of fertilizers are applied every ten days.

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Figure 18 and Figure 19. Photo of side dressing application of vermicast and chemical fertilizer

to pots A (vermicast) and B (chemical fertilizer)

Statistical Analysis

The execution of the study used a randomized complete block design with three setups

and three replicates per set up. With the use of Microsoft Excel (2010), the analysis of statistics

will follow through the use of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

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 CHAPTER 4: Results and Discussion

This chapter presents the results and discussion of the findings. The data presented are

analyzed to determine the factors affecting the development of the tomato plant. The chemical

properties of worm castings, chemical fertilizer, and soil are presented. Also, researchers

expressed the analysis for the data showed. This chapter also includes the arguments to explain

each outcome.

Temperature and Humidity

The area of the experiment recorded an approximate average day and night temperature

of 31º/25ºC and average relative humidity of 81-0%.

Humidity controls the rate of growth, the composition, and the form that a plant attains

(Tibbitts, TW., 1979) while the temperature either hot or cold weather, affects the growth and

productivity of the plant (Zandalinas, S. I., Mittler, R., Balfagón, D., Arbona, V., & Gómez-

Cadenas, A., 2017).

Soil Ph and NPK content

Parameters Value

Assessed Unit

Ph Slightly under 7

Total N % 12

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 Available P mg/kg 77.78

Exchangeable K .53

Table 1. Chemical properties of the soil from specific sources.

Soil Ph and NPK are key soil parameters. Soil Ph is a measure of the soil solution’s

acidity and alkalinity. On a scale from 0 to 14, acidic solutions have a Ph less than 7, while basic

or alkaline solutions have a Ph greater than 7 (McCauley A., Jones C., and Olson-Rutz K., 2017).

Thus, most home garden soils have a Ph that ranges from 5.71-6.5, and applying organic

fertilizer alone will result in an average Ph of 6.5 higher than the control average of 5.71 (Wang,

H., Xu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, D., Li, L., Li, W., & Sheng, L. (2019). Total N on garden soils is 12%,

available P is 77.78 mg/kg, and .53 exchangeable K (Khalid A.A. et. Al., 2014).

NPK Content of Fertilizers

NPK Content of Vermicast

Parameters Unit Value

Assessed

Total N % 23

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 Available P % Slightly under 2.25

Exchangeable K % Slightly under 2.25

Table 2. Chemical properties of the Vermicast from specific sources.

According to Griffith University, vermicast is scientifically proven as a miracle growth

promoter and also plant protector from pests and diseases for it is rich in NPK with a nitrogen

value of 23%, available phosphorus of 1.85-2.25%, and exchangeable potassium of 1.55-2.25%.

NPK Content of Chemical Fertilizer

Parameters Unit Value

Assessed

Total N % 14

Available P % 14

Exchangeable K % 14

Table 3. Chemical properties of the chemical fertilizer.

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 The chemical fertilizer applied in pots B, E, and H has an N:P:K ratio of 14-14-14.

According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, complete fertilizer

(14-14-14) produces the best results when applied at planting time. However, in this study,

researchers did 5 applications at specific days.

Effects of Utilized Fertilizers to the Tomato Plant

Plant Height

Parameters No First Second Third Fourth Fifth

Treatme Applicatio Application Applicati Application Applicatio

nt n on n

Treatment 1 2.9 cm 3.3 cm 3.7 cm 4.3 cm 16.4 cm 25.5 cm

(Pots A, D,

G)

Treatment 2 2.3 cm 2.5 cm 3.0 cm 3.8 cm 16.0 cm 20.9 cm

(Pots B, E,

H)

Control 2.3 cm 2.6 cm 2.8 cm 4.4 cm 8.9 cm 13.5 cm

(Pots C, F, I)

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Table 4. This table presents the average plant height of the tomato plant from 3 parameters

(Treatment 1: Vermicast, Treatment 2: Chemical Fertilizer, and Control Treatment).

Each pots are watered two times a day with 30 ml of water. Ten days after planting,

without any treatments, the height of the three parameters is measured. 15 days after planting (5

days after the first application of fertilizers to pots A, D, G treated with vermicast and triple 14

fertilizer to pots B, E, H), the second measurement of plant height is conducted.

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Treatment 1 5 53.2 10.64 99.057

Treatment 2 5 46.2 8.86 73.903

Control 5 32.2 6.32 22.013

Table 5. This table presents the summary of the average plant height of the tomato plant from 3

treatments (Treatment 1: Vermicast, Treatment 2: Chemical Fertilizer, and Control Treatment).

Table
Source of SS df MS F P-value F crit
6. This
Variation
table

Between Groups 45.7333 2 22.8666 0.351842 0.71041 3.88529

3 7 1 4

Within Groups 779.896 12 64.9913

825.629 14 Page | 34
Total
3
presents the result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the average plant height of three

parameters (Treatment 1: Vermicast, Treatment 2: Chemical Fertilizer, and Control Treatment).

AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT

30

25

20

15

10

0
No Treatment First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Application Application Application Application Application

Treatment 1 (Pots A, D, G) Treatment 2 (Pots B, E, H) Control (Pots C, F, I)

Figure 1. Average plant height of the three parameters (Treatment 1: Vermicast, Treatment 2:

Chemical Fertilizer, and Control Treatment).

The results of the average plant height showed that treatment 1 has the highest average of

2.9 cm while treatment 2 and control treatment has the same height of 2.3 cm. 15 days after

planting (5 days after the first application of vermicast to pots A, D, and G, and chemical

fertilizer to pots B, E, and H), treatment 1 showed the highest average of 3.3 cm among the three

parameters, followed by the control treatment with 2.6 cm and treatment 2 with 2.5 cm.

Treatment 1 has the highest average until the second application (25 days after planting) while

control treatment comes third among the three parameters. On the third application, control

treatment has the highest average of 4.4 cm followed by treatment 1 with 4.3 cm and treatment 2

with 3.8 cm. On the fourth application, treatment 1 recorded the highest average of 16.4 cm

following is the 16.0 cm average of treatment 2 and 8.9 to control treatment. On the last

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measurement (50 days after planting), treatment 1 has its last record of 25.5 cm as the highest

average among the three parameters, followed by treatment 2 with 20.9 cm, and a control

treatment with an average of 13.5 fifty days after planting.

Duration of the Plant Growth

The average plant height of each parameter showed that overall, treatment 1 has the

highest record of average plant height until the second application (30 days after planting).

However, at the third application control treatment excelled with a 4.4 cm record compared to

4.3 cm of treatment 1 and 3.8 cm of the treatment 2. Compared to the average of the three

parameters from the second application, the third application showed a drastic improvement with

regards to its height until the last application of fertilizers. In the fourth and fifth application,

treatment 1 has the highest average stem diameter among the three parameters, followed by

treatment 2 and control treatment.

Stem Diameter

Parameters Average Stem Diameter

Treatment 1 (A, D, G) 2.6 cm

Treatment 2 (B, E, H) 2.5 cm

Control (C, F, I) 2.1 cm

Table 7. Average Stem Diameter of the three parameters.

The average stem diameter of the tomato plants per pot is measured after removing the

plant from the soil, 60 days after planting.

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 AVERAGE STEM DIAMETER
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
Treatment 1 (A, D, G) Treatment 2 (B, E, H) Control (C, F, I)

Figure 2. Average stem diameter from the three parameters (Treatment 1: Vermicast,

Treatment 2: Chemical Fertilizer, and Control Treatment).

Among the three parameters, treatment 1 has the highest average stem diameter of 2.6

cm, followed by treatment 2 with an average stem diameter of 2.5 cm, and 2.1 cm as the average

stem diameter of the control treatment.

Root Length

Average

Parameters Root Length

Treatment 1 9.3 cm

(Pots A, D, G)

Treatment 2 7.5 cm

(Pots B, E, H)

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 Treatment 3 5.9 cm

(Pots C, F, I)
Table 10. This table presents the average root length of the tomato plant from 3 treatments

(Treatment 1: vermicast fertilizer, Treatment 2: chemical fertilizer, and Control: without

application of fertilizer).

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Treatment 1 2 10.3 5.15 34.445

Treatment 2 2 9.5 4.75 15.125

Control 2 8.9 4.45 4.205

Table 11. This table presents the summary of the average root length of the tomato plant from 3

treatments (Treatment 1: vermicast fertilizer, Treatment 2: chemical fertilizer, and Control:

without application of fertilizer).

Source of P-value F crit

Variation SS df MS F

Between 0.49333 2 0.246667 0.013761 0.986395 9.552094

Groups 3

Within 53.775 3 17.925

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 Groups

Total 54.2683 5

Table 12. This table presents the result of ANOVA on the average root length of the tomato

plant from 3 treatments (Treatment 1: vermicast fertilizer, Treatment 2: chemical fertilizer, and

Control: without application of fertilizer).

Average Root Length

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Treatment 1 (A, D, G) Treatment 2 (B, E, H) Control (C, F, I)

Figure 3. Average root length of a tomato plant from 3 treatments (Treatment 1: vermicast

fertilizer, Treatment 2: chemical fertilizer, and Control: without application of fertilizer).

This table shows that treatment 1 has the longest root length of 9.3 cm, followed by

treatment 2 with root length of 7.5 cm, then control comes last with root length of 5.9. Treatment

1 has the longest root among the three treatments as it shows drastic growth than treatment 2 and

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control. Meanwhile, treatment 2 does not show drastic change from the control as treatment 2 is

only 1.6 longer than the control.

CHAPTER 5: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at the Grande Vita Bignay, Valenzuela City, Metro

Manila, Philippines from the date of November 13, 2020, until January 11, 202I. The purpose of

the experiment was to study the effects of castings (earthworm manure) on a tomato plant. With

the use of vermicomposting procedure out of overripe vegetables as the source of nutrients taken

by the earthworms, castings are collected. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete

block design concept with three parameters. There were three replications per parameter, with a

total of nine tomato plants. The field experiment consists of control treatment with no fertilizer,

vermicast fertilizer for treatment 1, and triple 14 chemical fertilizers for treatment 2. The two

different fertilizers were applied to the experimental crop, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato

plant), 15 days after planting. Treatment 1 has the highest plant height and has the longest root

length compared to treatment 2 and control treatment which indicates positive effects of

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Vermicast fertilizer on tomato plants during the experimental days of 60 days. There are no

significant differences between the three parameters on the stem diameter of the plants.

CONCLUSION

From the result of this experimental study, the vermicast, also known as worm castings,

is an excellent source of essential nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K),

and other micronutrients to support plant growth. The vermicast fertilizer reduces the amount of

chemical fertilizer in the cultivation of a tomato plant, thus minimizing organic food waste and

commercial fertilizer cost.

Furthermore, the experiments resulted in significant differences in the growth parameters

of a tomato plant with regards to its plant height, duration of plant growth, stem diameter, and

root length. However, on the third application of the vermicast fertilizer, the results then showed

no major change in plant height as the Control (Pots C, F, and I) is only 0.2 cm taller than the

Treatment 1 (Pots A, D, and G). Nonetheless, on the last and fifth application, the results showed

that Treatment 1 has a record of 25.5 cm as the highest average among the three parameters.

Over the past few months, there has been the main highlight within the application of

vermicast fertilizer. Among the three treatments, vermicast fertilizer reveals the importance and

the stand increase of its own nutrition. It is noticed and broke down alongside different variables

that influence the development and advancement of the plant which incorporates soil and

manures NPK content, pH level of the soil, and temperature and humidity.

RECOMMENDATIONS

These days a lot of people have been interested in planting. Fertilizers will help the plants

receive the extra nutrients that they need to grow healthily and for the fruit-bearing plants to

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yield nutritious fruits. Using vermicast as a fertilizer is recommended for it improves the plant

height, root length as well as contributed nutrients to help it bear fruits. Based on the indicated

conclusion above, researchers made the following recommendations:

1. Gardeners should first research on how to properly grow tomato plant and what are the

factors that the gardener need to consider in planting and growing the plant.

2. Research about what the experts say to provide appropriate knowledge and materials. 

3. Proceed with the most suitable and manageable procedures. 

4. Before the creation of vermicast research about the factors that are needed to consider in

taking care of the vermicompost bin to do the rightful procedures for vermicast excretion.

5. Future researches about vermicast must be done.

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APPENDICES A: RAW DATA

AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT: Vermicast Treatment

POT A POT D POT G AVERAGE

10 Days After Planting 3.3 cm 2.5 cm 3.0 cm 2.9 cm
(No Treatment)
15 Days After Planting 3.6 cm 2.9 cm 3.4 cm 3.3 cm
(First Application)
25 Days After Planting 3.9 cm 3.4 cm 3.8 cm 3.7 cm
(Second Application)
35 Days After Planting 4.5 cm 4.0 cm 4.5 cm 4.3 cm
(Third Application)
45 Days After Planting 18.5 cm 11.5 cm 19.1 cm 16.4 cm
(Fourth Application)
50 Days After Planting 30.5 cm 19.2 cm 26.7 cm 25.5 cm
(Fifth Application)

AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT: NPK 14-14-14 Fertilizer

POT B POT E POT H AVERAGE

Page | 48
 10 Days After Planting 2.4 cm 2.2 cm 2.2 cm 2.3 cm
(No Treatment)
15 Days After Planting 2.5 cm 2.5 cm 2.5 cm 2.5 cm
(First Application)
25 Days After Planting 3.1 cm 3.0 cm 3.0 cm 3.0 cm
(Second Application)
35 Days After Planting 3.5 cm 3.5 cm 4.3 cm 3.8 cm
(Third Application)
45 Days After Planting 17.3 cm 11.7 cm 19.1 cm 16.0 cm
(Fourth Application)
50 Days After Planting 20.3 cm 17.8 cm 24.6 cm 20.9 cm
(Fifth Application)

AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHT: Control Treatment

POT C POT F POT I AVERAGE

10 Days After Planting 2.0 cm 2.5 cm 2.4 cm 2.3 cm

15 Days After Planting 2.3 cm 2.9 cm 2.5 cm 2.6 cm

25 Days After Planting 2.4 cm 3.2 cm 2.7 cm 2.8 cm

35 Days After Planting 4.5 cm 4.0 cm 4.7 cm 4.4 cm

45 Days After Planting 8.2 cm 10.8 cm 7.6 cm 8.9 cm

50 Days After Planting 11.5 cm 15.0 cm 14.0 cm 13.5 cm

AVERAGE STEM DIAMETER: Vermicast Treatment

POT A POT D POT G AVERAGE

60 Days After Planting 2.5 cm 2.6 cm 2.8 cm 2.6 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

AVERAGE STEM DIAMTER: NPK 14-14-14 Fertilizer

Page | 49
 POT B POT E POT H AVERAGE
60 Days After Planting 2.6 cm 2.5 cm 2.3 cm 2.5 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

AVERAGE STEM DIAMTER: NPK 14-14-14 Fertilizer

POT C POT F POT I AVERAGE

60 Days After Planting 2.2 cm 1.8 cm 2.3 cm 2.1 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

AVERAGE ROOT LENGTH: Vermicast Treatment

POT A POT D POT G AVERAGE

60 Days After Planting 7.6 cm 10.6 cm 9.7 cm 9.3 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

AVERAGE ROOT LENGTH: NPK 14-14-14 Fertilizer

POT B POT E POT H AVERAGE

60 Days After Planting 8.3 cm 5.4 cm 8.7 cm 7.5 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

AVERAGE ROOT LENGTH: NPK 14-14-14 Fertilizer

POT C POT F POT I AVERAGE

60 Days After Planting 5.4 cm 6.1 cm 6.1 cm 5.9 cm
Measured after the plant is removed from the soil.

Page | 50
 APPEDICES B: PHOTOGRAPHS

The figure provided are photos of the Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato plant), 60 days

after planting.

Pot A: Treated with Vermicast

Page | 51
Pot D: Treated with Vermicast

Pot G: Treated with Vermicast

Page | 52
Pot B: Treated with NPK 14-14-14 Chemical Fertilizer

Pot E: Treated with NPK 14-14-14 Chemical Fertilizer

Page | 53
Pot H: Treated with NPK 14-14-14 Chemical Fertilizer

Pot C: Control Treatment

Page | 54
Pot F: Control Treatment

Pot I: Control Treatment

Page | 55
 Appendices C: Curriculum Vitae

Roshaia Louise S. Bianes

Block 6 Lot 2 Grande Vita
Bignay, Valenzuela City, Philippines
roshaialouise.253@gmail.com
238-1535 (Tel.)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Science Experiment, Human Anatomy

EDUCATION

Kinder, 2009- Scholars Indian School

Elementary to Junior High school, 2019- Our Lord’s Angels School

Senior High School, 2021- La Consolacion College of Deparo Novaliches

LANGUAGES

Filipino (native)
English (bilingual oral and written)

Page | 56
BUENAVENTE GLENN ALDRICH L.
Deparo Subdivision Caloocan city
Metro Manila, Philippines 1420
glenn.aldrich.buenavente@lccn.edu.ph
0945-770-0639

RESEARCH INTERESTS
Gaming Esports, Programming

EDUCATION
Kinder to Junior High School, Guardian Angel School Inc.
Senior High School, La Consolacion College of Deparo.

LANGUAGES
Filipino (Oral and Written)
English (Oral and Written)

Page | 57
Sally May Hernandez Cain
Blk. 28 L 8 Yakal St. Alecon Homes
Brgy. 167, Deparo,Caloocan City North
Kalakhang Manila
smc221519@gmail.com
255-1340 (Tel.)

RESEARCH INTERESTS
Nutrition

EDUCATION
Kinder, 2009 San Bartolome Elementary School
Grade School, Sto. Nino School of Palmera Homes Inc., Plácido Del Mundo Elementary
School, Deparo Elementary School
Junior High School, Deparo High School
Senior High School, La Consolacion College – Novaliches

LANGUAGES
Filipino (Oral and Written)
English (Oral and Written)

Page | 58
Co, Curly Kate M.
Blk 10 Lt. 5 St. Dominic Subdivision, Kamagong Street
Caloocan City, Baranggay 168
curlykateco@gmail.com
09153580198 (Cellphone number)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Filipino Literature, Science and Experiment, Syntethic Chemistry and Natural Experiment

EDUCATION

Kindergarten to Elementary, 2008 to 2015 – Deparo Elementary School

High School, 2015 to 2019 – Deparo High School
Senior High School, 2019 to 2021 – La Consolacion College of Novaliches
LANGUAGES

Filipino (mother language, native)

English (second language, oral and written)

Page | 59
Jhon Michael De Leon Remitar
228C Kabatuhan Rd. Deparo
Metro Manila, Philippines 1420
jhon.michael.remitar@lccn.edu.ph
0915-510-2407 (Cell)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

English and Filipino Literature, Technology, Linguistics, Social Science

EDUCATION

Elementary School, 2015 –Deparo Elementary School

Junior High School, April 2019 – Deparo High School

Senior High School, May 2021 – La Consolacion College - Novaliches

LANGUAGES

Filipino (native)
English (bilingual oral and written fluency)

Page | 60
Florissa Rodriguez
B19 L17 Tierra Nova Main
Metro Manila, Philippines 1421
florissa.rodriguez@lccn.edu.ph
0945-079-7553 (Cell)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Filipino Literature, Chemistry and Botany, Science and Experiment

EDUCATION

Elementary School, 2015 – Our Lord’s Angels School, Inc.

Junior High School, April 2019 – Caloocan City Business High School

Senior High School, May 2021 – La Consolacion College - Novaliches

LANGUAGES

Filipino (native)
English (bilingual oral and written fluency)

Page | 61