Seminar on Emerging Technologies(MSIT5217)

• Cloud computing
• Pervasive computing
• Social media

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Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services).
• It can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort.

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What is Cloud?
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.
• In other words, we can say that Cloud is something, which is
present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over public and private networks,
i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.

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Essential Characteristics
• On-Demand Self Service:
 A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities,
automatically without requiring human interaction with each
service‟s provider.

• Heterogeneous Access/ Broad network access

 Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms. (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations).
 Can be accessed by diverse customer platforms.

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• Resource Pooling:
 The provider‟s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model.
 Different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand.

• Measured Service:
 In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects of
cloud service.
 Cloud computing resources usage is metered and manufacturing
organizations pay accordingly for what they have used.
 Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.

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• Rapid Elasticity:
 It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any
time.
 Cloud computing resources can scale up or down rapidly and, in
some cases, automatically, in response to business demands.
 The usage, capacity, and therefore cost, can be scaled up or down
with no additional contract or penalties.

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Cloud Services Models
• SaaS – Software as a Service
• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
• PaaS – Platform as a Service

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What is Software as a Service? (SaaS)
• SaaS(Software As a Service): In this service the Cloud Provider
leases applications or softwares which are owned by them to its
client.
• The client can access these softwares on any device which is
connected to the Internet using tools such as a web browser, an
app etc.
 Usually billed based on usage
 Usually multi tenant environment
 Highly scalable architecture

• Examples: Caspio, Google Apps, Salesforce, Nivio, Learn.com.

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a
platform and environment to allow developers to build
applications and services.
• This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by the users
via internet.
• Examples: Windows Azure, Google App.

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on
demand scalable service.
• The capability provided to provision processing, storage,
networks, and other fundamental computing resources.
• Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, iland, Rackspace Cloud
Servers, ReliaCloud.

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Deployment Models
A. Private cloud
• Computing resources are deployed for one particular
organization.
• This method is more used for intra-business interactions.
B. Community cloud
• The companies having similar interest and work can share
the same cloud and it can be done with the help of
Community Cloud.

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C. Public cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general
public.
D. Hybrid cloud
• The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in
which the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using public
cloud.

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Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Low Cost: To run cloud technology, users don't require high
power computers & technology because the application will
run on the cloud and not on users' PC.

• Storage capacity: The Cloud storage capacity is unlimited &

generally offers a vast storage capacity of 2000-3000 GBs or
more based on the requirement.

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• Low cost of IT infrastructure: As discussed earlier, the
investment will be less if an organization uses Cloud
technology; even the IT staffs and server engineers are also
not required.
• Increase computing power: Cloud servers have a very high-
capacity of running and processing tasks as well as the
processing of applications.

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• Reduce Software Costs: Cloud minimizes the software costs as
users don't need to purchase software for organizations or
every computer.
• Updating: Instant software update is possible & users don't
have to face the choice problem between obsolete & high-
upgrade software.

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Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• No Internet No cloud: To access cloud, an internet connection
is a must.
 So we can say it‟s a big hurdle for the growth of cloud usage all over
the world.
• Need a good Bandwidth: With a low bandwidth in internet,
we cannot utilize the benefits of the clouds completely.
• Accessing multiple things simultaneously can affect Quality
of cloud access: If a user wants to have multiple internet
work at a same time then he/she has to compromise with the
cloud benefits.
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• Dependency: One major disadvantage of cloud computing is
user‟s dependency on the provider.
• Security is Must: Cloud computing keeps your data secure but
for maintaining the complete security, assistance from the IT
firm is needed for the better experience.

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 Pervasive Computing/ Ubiquitous Computing

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Introduction
• Ubiquitous Computing, or Ubicomp, is the term given to the third
era of modern computing.
 The first era was defined by the mainframe computer, a single large
timeshared computer owned by an organization and used by many
people at the same time.
 Second, came the era of the PC, a personal computer primarily owned
and used by one person, and dedicated to them
 The third era, ubiquitous computing, representative of the present time.
characterized by the explosion of small networked portable computer
products in the form of smart phones, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), and embedded computers built into many of the devices we
own

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• The original term Ubiquitous Computing was coined by
Mark Weiser in 1988 at Xerox PARC, while serving as the
director of the Computer Science Laboratory (CSL), one of
five laboratories at the renowned research center.
• The essence of Weiser‟s vision is that mobile and embedded
processors can communicate with each other and the
surrounding infrastructure, seamlessly coordinating their
operation to provide support for a wide variety of everyday
work practices.

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• Weiser believed that in a ubicomp world, computation could
be integrated with common objects that you might already be
using for everyday work practices, rather than forcing
computation to be a separate activity.

• Weiser sometimes also referred to this as invisible

computing and wrote a number of articles about his

philosophy.
• Another term Weiser used to describe ubiquitous computing
was “The coming age of calm technology”

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• MIT has also contributed significant research in this field,
notably Things That Think consortium at the Media Lab and
the CSAIL (Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab)
effort known as Project Oxygen.
• Other major contributors include
 IBM Research,
 Tokyo University,
 University of California (UC) Berkeley,
 University of Washington's Ubicomp Lab,
 HP Labs,
 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), and
 Cornell University's People Aware Computing Lab

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What is Pervasive Computing
• Technically pervasive computing involves in embedding
intelligence and computing power to devices which are part of
our daily life.
• As the word „Pervasive‟ means, we create an environment
with intelligence and which can communicate with each
other.
 It refers to the presence of computers in common objects found all
around us so that people are unaware of their presence.
 All these devices communicate with each other over wireless
networks without the interaction of the user.

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• It is a computing environment including sensors, cameras
and integrated active elements that cooperate to help user.
 Ubiquitous computing example: Dawit is leaving home to go and
meet his friends. While passing the fridge, the fridge sends a message
to his shoe that milk is almost finished. When John is passing
grocery store, shoe sends message to glasses which displays “BUY
milk” message. John buys milk, goes home.

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Characteristics of Pervasive Computing
• Miniaturization:
 ICT components are becoming smaller and more mobile.

• Embedding:
 Components are integrated in to everyday objects, they transform
them in to smart objects.

• Context sensitivity
 Applications in pervasive need to be context-aware so that they can
adapt themselves to rapidly changing situations.
 Different kinds of contexts (such as location of people, activities of
individuals or groups, weather information, etc.).

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• Interoperability
 A common problem with creating pervasive applications, especially
dynamically, is the heterogeneous nature of the devices and services.
 To be able to make effective use of all the services in a given
environment and to be able to use service composition we must
provide support for interoperability.

• Automatic
 User doesn‟t necessarily need to ask for work to be done.

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Pervasive Computing vs. Virtual Reality
Should we live in virtual computing world? Or should
computing come out and live in our physical world?

VR is about simulating physical world & putting people

inside virtual computing world. (Limited applications &
activities.).

Ubicomp is about bringing computing to people‟s physical

world, integrating with everyday objects and activities.

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Sensor Processing
• Machine learning commonly used to process sensor data into
higher level actions
• Example: accelerometer data classified into user actions
(walking, running, jumping, in car, etc).

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What is Social Media?
• Social media are “primarily Internet-based tools for sharing
and discussing information among human beings.

• The term most often refers to activities that integrate

technology, social interaction, and the construction of words,
pictures, videos and audio.”

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What are some popular social media?
• There are a plethora of social media platforms out there,
with new ones popping up seemingly every month.
• Each medium has a unique purpose and userbase, so
identifying the right blend and content for each platform is
important.

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Facebook – Computer & Mobile Platforms
• This social networking site allows users to connect with
others by creating a profile, adding “friends,” sending
messages, posting status updates, sharing photos and videos,
and utilizing in-site applications and games.
• Additionally, business owners and advertisers can utilize
Facebook to reach consumers by creating a “Page” that
allows a business to reach a large audience frequently,
connect one-on-one with customers through messaging, and
be discovered through in-site search tools.

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Twitter – Computer & Mobile Platforms
• This social media site and application allows users to share
140-character posts (may contain text, videos, photos, or
links to other websites) called “Tweets” to share with
“Followers.”
• Twitter emphasizes live news and updates on the things users
care about in real time.
• Finding other Twitter accounts such as people, news sources,
celebrities, and businesses is a very common feature.

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• Tweets from accounts that users follow are shown on their
respective streams, or also called a “Timeline.”
• The more „followers‟ an account reaches, the more exposure
that respective account will have.
• Businesses can utilize Twitter to direct users to their website,
develop an audience, and link to mobile apps through
Tweets.

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Instagram – Mobile Platform Only
• Instagram allows users to upload photos or short videos from
a mobile device, edit photos by applying filters, and then
share either publicly or privately through the app or to other
social media sites including Facebook, Flickr, and Twitter.
• Business owners use this application to engage other
accounts through posts, comments and direct messages in
addition to the option of sponsored ads.
• Similar to Twitter, the more „followers‟ an account reaches,
the more exposure that respective account will have.

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YouTube – Computer & Mobile Platforms
• YouTube allows users to watch and share original videos,
provides a forum for people to connect, and acts as a
distribution platform for original content creators and
advertisers.
• Users of this site can subscribe to channels from other video
creators such as news organizations and musicians.
• Users can also build playlists from their favorite videos,
comment on videos by other users, and send/receive private
messages.

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LinkedIn – Computer & Mobile Platforms
• The mission of LinkedIn is to “connect the world‟s
professionals to make them more productive and successful.”
• Users who join the site create a professional profile where
they list their work experience, skills, and summary.
• Users can search for jobs and create “connections” to
contacts in their professional network.
• LinkedIn is a source for job recruiters and personnel HR to
source potential candidates.

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Snapchat – Mobile Platform Only
• This application allows users to take photos or videos, add
captions or doodles, and send to contacts that have been
added.
• These messages are called “Snaps” and are viewable for up to
10 seconds before disappearing.
• “Snaps” can be sent privately to specific contacts or saved to
a user‟s “Story”, which is automatically shared with all of
their added contacts.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media
• Social Media Advantages
 Connect with people.
 Opportunity to organize events and meetups.
 Helps to get new friends or a partner.
 In social media platforms you can share images and videos of
important moments.
 You can connect with people from all around the world.
 It gives you the opportunity to network with other professionals.
 Helps to communicate at any time.
 You can share opinion of an event at the moment.
 Exists a great quantity of content.

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Social Media Disadvantages
 You can expose your private life.
 It takes too much time of people.
 If you share something, it might never be deleted.
 Risk that your personal information is used for a crime.
 Bullying in social media can be frequent.
 Fake accounts with your identity can be created, as well as trolls

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