Module 1: Classification of Herbal Medicines

 Scientific name: Allium sativum

How to Handle Medicinal Plants/Herbs  Family: Amaryllidaceae/ Alliceae/ Liliaceae
 Organically grown plants are best source of  Parts used: Bulb
natural products  Active constituent: Allicin
 Medicinal parts of plants are best collected during  Therapeutic use: Tx for HTN; toothache; lower
sunny mornings. Avoid picking leaves, fruits, or cholesterol level in blood
nuts during and after rainfall.
 Leaves, fruits, flowers, or nuts must be mature 4.Bayabas
before harvesting. Less medicinal substances are  Scientific name: Psidium guajava
found on young parts.  Family: Myrtaceae
 After harvesting, if drying is required, it is  Parts used: Leaves, bark, fruit, flower, roots
advisable to dry the plants either in the oven or
 Active constituent: Phenolic comp.,
air dried on screens above ground and never on isoflavonoids, gallic acid, catechin, epicathechin,
concrete floors
rutin, naringenin, kaempferol
 Store plant parts in sealed plastic bags or brown
 Therapeutic use: Antiseptic, toothache, diarrhea,
bottles in a cool dry place without sunlight anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, etc.
preferable with a moisture absorbent material like
charcoal or silica
5. Luya
 Leaves and other plant parts that are prepared
properly, well-dried and stored can be used up to  Scientific name: Zingiber officinale
6 months.  Family: Zingiberaceae
 Parts used: Tops, leaves, edible roots (rhizome)
Preparation for Intake of Herbal Medicines  Active constituent: Gingerol, shagol
 Therapeutic use: Cold, cough, fever, sore throat
 Use only half the dosage prescribed for fresh parts like
leaves when using dried parts
6. Niyog-niyogan
 Do not use stainless steel utensils when boiling
decoctions. Only use earthen enameled, glass  Scientific name: Quisqualis infica
 As rule of thumb, when boiling leaves and other plant  Family: Combretaceae
parts, do not cover the pot and boil in low flame.  Parts used: Leaves
 Decoctions loses potency after some time. Dispose after  Active constituent: Quisqualic acid, Trigonellin
1 day. To keep fresh during the day, keep lukewarm in a  Therapeutic use: Anthelmintic
flask or thermos
 Always consult with a doctor if symptoms persist or if 7. Sambong
any allergic rxn develops.  Scientific name: Blumea balsamifera
 Family: Asteraceae/ Compositae
1.Akapulko  Parts used: Leaves, roots
 Scientific name: Cassia alata/ Senna alata  Active constituent: L-borneol
 Family: Fabaceae/ Leguminosae  Therapeutic use: Anti-edema, diuretic, anti-
 Parts used: Leaves, seeds, flowers urolithiasis
 Active constituent: Chrysopanic acid/
Chrysopanol 8. Tsaang-gubat
 Therapeutic use: Antifungal  Scientific name: Ehretia microphylla/ Carmona
retusa
2. Ampalaya  Family: Boraginaceae
 Scientific name: Momordica charantia  Parts used: Leaves, roots
 Family: Cucurbitaceae  Active constituent: a-amyrin, B-amyrin,
 Parts used: Leaves, roots, fruit baurenol
 Active constituent: Momordicin/ charantin  Therapeutic use: diarrhea, stomach ache
 Therapeutic use: Lower blood sugar levels

3. Bawang 9. Ulasimang Bato

KANEKO BSPH3B
 Scientific name: Peperomia pellucida  Therapeutic use: anti-inflammatory,
 Family: Piperaceae antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral
 Parts used: Leaves, stems
 Active constituent: Dill-apiole 16. Sabila
 Therapeutic use: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory,  Scientific name: Aloe barbadensis/ Aloe vera
anti-hypouricemic  Family: asphodelaceae/ Liliaceae
 Parts used: Leaves, pulp, sap
10. Yerba Buena  Active constituent: Emodin, Barbaloin
 Scientific name: Clinopodium douglassi/ Mentha  Therapeutic use: antinflammatory, regenerative,
cordifelia/ Mentha arvensis antibacterial
 Family: Piperaceae
 Parts used: Leaves, stems 17.
Makahiya
 Active constituent: Pulegone, Menthol,  Scientific name: Mimosa pudica
Menthene, Menthenone, Limonene  Family: Fabaceae
 Therapeutic use: Digestive disorder, cough and  Parts used: Leaves, roots
colds, menstrual cramps, insect bites  Active constituent: Mimosides and memosides,
resins, saponin, tannins
11. Luyang Dilaw  Therapeutic use: Diuretic, antiasthmatic,
 Scientific name: Curcuma longa aphrodisiac
 Family: Zingiberaceae
 Parts used: Leaves, roots (rhizomes) 18. Tanglad
 Active constituent: Curcumin  Scientific name: Andropogon citratus/ Cymbopogon
 Therapeutic use: Cold, cough, fever, sore throat citratus
 Family: Poaceae
12.
Lagundi  Parts used: Leaves, roots
 Scientific name: Vitex negundo  Active constituent: Citral
 Family: Verbanaceae  Therapeutic use: Antimicrobial, analgesic, insect
 Parts used: Leaves, barks, roots, seeds repellent, digestion-improving
 Active constituent: Dulcitol, phenol, sitosterol,
camphene, orientin, artemetin, aucubin 19. Adelfa
 Therapeutic use: Asthma, cough  Scientific name: Nerium oleander
 Family: Apocynaceae
13. Pandan  Parts used: Leaves
 Scientific name: Pandanus tectorius/ Pandanuc  Active constituent: Oleandrin
amaryllifolius  Therapeutic use: Antidiabetic, antibacterial,
 Family: Pandanaceae antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-diarrheal
 Parts used: Leaves, roots
 Active constituent: Volatile compounds, 20. Chichirica
proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids  Scientific name: Catharantus roseus
 Therapeutic use: Antiseptic, pain reliever  Family: Apocynaceae
 Parts used: Leaves, flowers
14. Saluyot  Active constituent: Vinblastine. vincristine
 Scientific name: Corchorus capsularis/ Corchorus  Therapeutic use: Tx of ulcers, ringworms,
olitorius leprosy, eczema, hemorrhoids, HSV, HZV
 Family: Malvaceae
 Parts used: Leaves, seeds
 Active constituent: Corchorin, capsularin
 Therapeutic use: Pain reliever, antiseptic,
anti0cancer, diuretic, anti-spasm, anti-emetic

15. Oregano
 Scientific name: Origanum vulgare
 Family: Lamiaceae
 Parts used: Leaves
 Active constituent: Rosmarinic acid compound,
thymol, carvacrol