Elements of Mechanical E OLVED PROBLEMS See 1. A 4-stroke engine has a piston diameter 250mm and stroke 400mm, 7, effective pressure is 4 bar and speed is 500 rpm. The diameter of the bra," ™y 1000mm and the effective brake load is 400N. Find indicated power, brake drug, frictional power. Pomray Sol: Diameter of piston = d= 250mm = 0.25m. Stroke, L =400mm = 0.4m, Mean effective pressure = Speed, N =500rpm, Diameter of the brake drum D = 100mm =Im Radius of brake drum = 0.5m, Effective brake load = (W - S) = 400N Assume single cylinder engine => n= 1 For 4 - stroke engine K -} (@) Indicated Power We know that 10 TP =nP,LAN |-¢ JKW = 14 (0.4) 0.049» 500 x 3 7 kW () Brake Power 2aNT BP = kW 60x1000 T =(W-S)R=400 x 0,5 = 200N-m pp = 27%500x200 60x 1000 = |BP=10.47kW] (©) Frictional Power (FP) = IP- BP = 33.67 — 10.47 = 12.20 kWpdule3 2, The following details refer to a 4stroke engine Cylinder diameter = 200mm, ‘stroke : Joad = 500kg, mean circumference pressure = 6 bar Calculate, _(i) Indicated power (ii) Brake power (iii) Mechanical efficiency ad? _x(02) 4. 477 0.0314m?, n = 300mm speed = 300 rpm, effective brake of the brake drum = 400mm, mean effective sot: Area of the cylinder == L_ = 300mm = 0.3m, (W — $)= 500 x 9.81 = 4905 N Mean circumference of the brake drum= 2ar = 400 => r= 200 _ 9.2 — 0.06366 m = 2 K=%, for 4- stroke engines (@) Indicated Power IP =n PLANK. (2) kw 160.3 x 0.0314 x300x2 - 3 10> [IP =14.13kW} (b) Brake Power _ _2aNT _ 60%1000 Torque,’ T = effective brake load x Radius of brake drum =(W-5)xR = 4905 « 0.06366 =312.25Nm = 2x 300% 312.25 60x 1000 BP = 9.8 kW} BP (©) Mechanical EfficiencyElements of Mechanical 3, Ad-stroke IC engine running at 450rpm™ as bore a 100mm and ta 120mm. The details of the indicator diagram are a pa . h of the indicator m= ‘Area of the indicator diagram = 4cm’, lengt! diagra Sey spring value of the spring used = 10 bar /em. Calculate the indicated poms engine. Sol: Assuming single cylinder engine = 9 = 1 Foca datoke engine, K= + .€= bore = 100mm = 0.1m 2 FgtaEx(0.1) = 7.85 * 10? a? A zf ail stroke length =L= 120mm =0.12m, $= 10bar em, Area = = en? Sa _10x4 Mean effective pressure, P,= ==" gg —6-15bar Indicated Power =P, L.ANK (2) 6:15x0.12x7.85 «10° x450x2 = 0 6 - 17kW, 4, A 2-stroke internal combustion engine has a stroke length of 150mm and diameter 100mm. Its mean effective pressure is 5.4 x 10° N/m’ and crankshalt 99 is 1000 rpm. Find IP. Sol: L = 150mm=0.15m d =100mm = 0.1m Py, = 5.4% 10° Nim? N = 1000 rpm Ax Fd? =4x(01)' = 785 «10%? K = 1 for2 - stroke engine IP for 2 stroke IC engine PP =nP, LANK (2) sy 6 = 145.4%0,15x7.85%10? x1000%1 (2) Le kW] 63 5, A single cylinder 4-stroke engine runs at 1000 rpm and has a bore of 115mm and @ stroke of 140mm. The brake load is 60) = 30%. Calculate prake power and mean effective ee 600mm radius and n,,, = 80%. ge TT N = 1000 pm d= 115mm =0.115m z 2 A= lousy =0.0103m? La eau (W-S)=60N R ~600ma #060 K =%, for 4 - stroke engine BP =? P, =? (a) Brake Power = 80% Mech ezeNI; ~ 60x1000 BP kW Torque, T = Brake load x radius of brake drum = 60 x 0.6 =36N-m pp = 24%1000x36 | 60%1000 | [BP = 3.76kW| (b) Mean effective pressure = BP 100 80= 2 x100 P P Nae | = [IP =4.7kW} IP =nP,.LANK. ( ) kw 1 1xP,, x 0.14 0.0103x1000x — 0 ainsi 5, | 47 =) j P,, = 3.91 bar] |Elements of Mechanica} 26 kW brake power at 2209 6. 4 cylinder 2-stroke petrol engine develops a e a . Determine the bore diamete, effective pressure is 7 bar and 7,,,..~ 87%. the engine, if the stroke length is 1.5 times the bore. pp <20qw> | /N =2200rpm =P, =7 har ‘and, By , Sol: n=4 Mauss = 87% L=15d L=? | t BP _26 Mie = Fp 100 87 =p 7100 {IP = 29.88kW | 10 PP =nP, LANK *) 4x7x1.5dx ie x 2200(10) as Se 6 d = 0.0627m = |d=62.74mm| L =1.5 * 62.74 IL = 94.11 mm} 7. A single cylinder 4-stroke IC engine has a bore of 180mm, stroke of 200mm mit rated speed of 300 rpm. Torque on the brake drum is 200N-m and mean eft pressure is 6 bar. It consumes 4 kg of fuel in one hour. The calorific value ofthe fed! 42000 kJ/kg. Determine | @ Brake power (ii) Indicated power (iii) Brake thrermal efficiency (iv) Mechanical efficiency. : d=180mm=0.18m L =200mm=0.2m N =300spm T =200N-m P, =6 bar n=l 4 m, = 4 kg/hr = 5G = 1ll x 10%kg/s cv = 42000 Kike K =%, for 4 stroke engines (@ Brake power 2aNT! _2n%300%200 60x1000° 601000 BP = 6.28kW| P=CO ee, ™———Cjis (ii) Indicated power IP = nP LAN (2)x i} e6x02x7 «(0189 x300%} (12) 4 276 IP = 7.63kW| (ii) Brake thermal efficiency BP ae aa - 6.28 1.1110 x 42000 Tera = 13.47%) «100 (iv) Mechanical efficiency Thea = «100= $28 100 Mann, = 82.3% 8, Calculate the brake power output of a single cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine for the following given data. Diameter of brake wheel = 600mm Brake rope diameter = 30mm. Dead weight = 24Kg Spring balance reading = 4kg, RPM = 450 Sol: Diameter of brake wheel = D = 600mm = 0.6m Diameter of rope = d= 30mm = 0.03m D+d_0.6+0.03 Effective radius =R =~ =—9___ = 0.315m Dead weight = 24kg = 24 x 9.81 = 235.44N Spring balance reading = 4kg = 4x 9,81 =39.24N Torque = T = (W-S) R = (235.44 — 39.24) (0.315) [T =61.803N—m|Elements of Mechanica} _ 2% 450%61.803 60%1000 2xNT. 70) a => BP We know that BP = 60x1000 [BP = 2.91kW] 9. A 4-stroke engine has a piston diameter of 150mm and the average piston, mr 3.5m/sec. Its mean effective pressure 0.796MPa, find the Indicated power ae engine. : Sok n= 1 K= ; d= 150mm=0.15m A= 7 : 2019)” -o 0176m2 Average piston speed = 3.5m/s = 35. m/min (2 60, =210 m/min ‘Average piston speed = 2LN m/min 2LN = 210 => LN=105 10 IP =nP, LANK (2) 147.86 %108 0.017652 6 x10 IP = 12.1kW| 10. A 4-stroke petrol engine is running at 2500 rpm. The stroke of the pisor* 15 times the bore. If the mean effective pressure is 0.915 MPa and ™ diameter of the piston is 140mm, Find the indicated power of the engist.! the frictional power is 13kW, find the brake power output and the ‘mechanic efficiency. N = 2500rpm L =1.5d= 1.5 «140 =210 mm = 0.21m P, = 0.91SMPa=9.15bar d = 140mm=0.14m FP = 13kW K =¥%, for4 - stroke engines BP =? IP Tea 7?