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Oncology Nursing Part 3

This document discusses oncology nursing and cancer treatment modalities. It covers common cancer patient problems, goals of cancer management, and treatment options including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy. For each treatment, it outlines how nursing care addresses related issues like side effects, complications, education needs, and safety precautions. The overall focus is on providing holistic care addressing physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

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fleur harrison
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160 views23 pages

Oncology Nursing Part 3

This document discusses oncology nursing and cancer treatment modalities. It covers common cancer patient problems, goals of cancer management, and treatment options including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy. For each treatment, it outlines how nursing care addresses related issues like side effects, complications, education needs, and safety precautions. The overall focus is on providing holistic care addressing physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Uploaded by

fleur harrison
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ONCOLOGY

NURSING
(PART 3)
NCM 112
__________
OLIVIA MAE A. RAMOS, RN, MD
St. Luke’s College of Nursing
Learning Objectives
• Discuss treatment modalities in the management of the
person with cancer
• Identify and discuss appropriate resources available to
oncology patients such as clinical trial eligibility /
availability, transplantation, survivorship, and palliative
care.
• Integrates cultural diversity into plans of care for people
with cancer and their significant others.
• Provides holistic nursing care addressing the physical,
psychosocial, and spiritual needs of patients and their
caregivers at the end of life.
TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR
CANCER PATIENTS
Common Problems Seen in Cancer Patients
Infection

Bleeding

Skin Problems

Hair Loss

Nutritional Concerns

Pain

Fatigue

Psychosocial Status

Body Image
Goals of Cancer Management

Relief of
Relief of Pain
Fatigue

Maintenance Improved
of Nutrition Body Image

Effective
Maintenance
Progression in
of Tissue
the Grieving
Integrity
Process

Management Cancer Absence of


of Stomatitis Management Complication
Management for Cancer

Radiation
Surgery
Therapy

Bone Marrow
Chemotherapy
Transplant

Gene Therapy
SURGERY
✓ Diagnostic
surgery
✓ Curative
Surgery
✓ Prophylactic
Surgery
✓ Reconstructive
Surgery
SURGERY: Nursing Management
• Surgical care is individualized according to age,
organ impairment, specific deficits,
comorbidities, cultural implications, and
altered immunity.
• Anxious patients/relatives
• Patient advocate and liaison:
– encourages the patient and family to take an
active role in decision making when possible
SURGERY: Nursing Management
• WOF post-operative
complications:
– Infection, impaired wound
healing, wound dehiscence,
altered pulmo/renal
function, thromboembolism,
fluid & electrolyte imbalance
• Postoperative education:
– wound care, pain
management, activity,
nutrition, and medication
information
RADIATION THERAPY
• Uses:
– Cure some cancer
– Control cancer
– Reduce tumor size
– Relieve symptoms
• Neoadjuvant therapy
• Palliative radiotherapy
BRACHYTHERAPY
• Placement of
radioactive sources
within cancer site to
provide highly
targeted, intense
dose of radiation.
RADIATION THERAPY:
Nursing Management
• Promote healing, patient comfort, and quality of life
• Problems:
– Altered skin integrity
– Stomatitis
– Xerostomia
– Loss of appetite/ anorexia
– Mucositis
– N/V
– Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
– Fatigue / malaise
– Atrophy
RADIATION THERAPY:
Nursing Management
• Assign the patient to a
private room
• Post appropriate notices
about radiation safety
precautions
• Staff members must wear
dosimeter badges
• Pregnant staff members
are not assigned to the
patient’s care
RADIATION THERAPY:
Nursing Management
• Prohibit visits by children
or pregnant visitors
• Limit visitors to 30
minutes daily
• Visitors must maintain a
6-foot distance from the
radiation source
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Use of antineoplastic
drugs
– Destroy cancer cells
• Neoadjuvant treatment
– Combined with surgery/
radiotherapy
– Reduce tumor size
preoperatively
• Adjuvant treatment
– Destroy remaining tumor
cells postoperatively
• Primary treatment
Classes of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Cell Cycle-Specific
• Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
• Antimetabolites
• Plant Alkaloids (mitotic inhibitors)
• Taxanes

Cell Cycle-Nonspecific
• Alkylating Agents
• Nitrosoureas
• Antitumor Antibiotics
• Hormonal Agents
Photo taken from https://chemoth.com/cellcycle
Chemo-tox Man

Photo taken from https://quizlet.com/169335936/chemo-tox-man-flash-cards/


CHEMOTHERAPY:
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Common side effects:
– BM suppression
– Fatigue
– N/V
– Diarrhea
– Mucositis / Xerostomia
– Anorexia
– Skin changes
CHEMOTHERAPY:
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Adverse effects:
– Extravasation
– HSR
– Decreased renal
perfusion
– Fertility problems
– Peripheral
neuropathies
– Tumor lysis syndrome

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