ANNEX B

Abbreviations

13th Edition
August 2016

IMPORTANT NOTICE:

This will be the last time

this document will be
published. See for
details the Foreword
FOREWORD

The 2016-2017 winter season will be the last time the “AEA Recommendations for de-icing/anti-
icing aeroplanes on the ground” and the “AEA Training Recommendations and Background
Information for De-Icing /Anti-Icing of Aeroplane on the Ground” are published. Before the start of
the 2017-2018 winter season, both documents will be withdrawn completely from the AEA
website and a reference will be made to the new SAE Global Deicing Standards AS6285 (Deicing
procedures) and AS6286 (Deicing training, including 6 slash-sheets with detailed training
information).

On a request from the IATA, these SAE Global Deicing Standards are being established for the
last 5 years by the SAE G-12 Committee on aircraft ground deicing in close cooperation with the
AEA De-icing W/G. AEA made the agreement that the moment the SAE Global Deicing
Standards are published, the AEA deicing documents (both the Procedures/methods and the
Training documents) would be cancelled/withdrawn to have just one deicing standard worldwide.
The current ISO de-icing document 11076 “Aircraft — De-icing/anti-icing methods on the ground”
is solely referring to the AEA deicing document, so this will either be cancelled as well or changed
into a reference to the SAE AS6285 document.

The SAE Global Deicing Standard documents will most likely be published very soon. It concerns
the AS6285, “Aircraft Ground Deicing/anti-icing processes” and the AS6286, “Training and
Qualification Program for Deicing/Anti-icing of Aircraft on the Ground”, Main document.

The AS6286 Training document has a main document and 6 so called slash-sheets with all the
detailed information in separate slash-sheets for Equipment, Fluids, Holdover time, Methods,
Health/Safety and Aircraft diagrams with no-spray areas. These slash-sheets are not yet ready for
publication.

Since the publication of the SAE Global Deicing Standards will most likely be relatively late and
the training document is not complete (slash-sheets not yet ready), the AEA deicing W/G decided
in their May 2016 meeting that they will publish an updated procedures/methods document once
more to give users the time and opportunity to adjust and get used to the new situation and be
able to fully switch over to this new standard for their own procedures and instructions for winter
2017-2018.
The current AEA deicing training manual will stay as is on the AEA website, no update needed.

The expectation is that all the SAE Global Deicing Standard documents will be published this year
or early next year, well before the 2017-2018 winter season starts. This means that from this
2017-2018 winter season the AEA deicing documents will disappear from the AEA website and
people will be referred to the SAE Global Deicing Standard documents.

The main differences with the AEA deicing documents will be that there are no holdover time
tables and no Q.A. checklist example included into the AS6285 and AS6286 documents. Also, the
mid-season check on truck nozzles is not mandatory, but discussions are on-going on this subject
for future revisions.
Further, the SAE documents are not for free despite the AEA de-icing W/G’s opinion that they
should be
1 ANNEX B

1.1 Abbreviations, General

A
A/S Airspeed
AAA Amended meteorological message (or AAB, AAC, etc., in sequence)
AAS Airport Advisory Service
A/C Aeroplane
AC Advisor Circular
AC Altocumulus (cloud genera)
ACC Area Control Center or Area Control
ACI Airports Council
AD Advisory Directive
AD Airworthiness Directive
ADF Aeroplane De-icing Facility
AEA Association of European Airlines
AECMA The European Association of Aerospace Industries
AFIS Aerodrome Flight Information Service
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network
AFM: Airplane Flight Manual
AIC Aeronautical Information Circular
AIM Aeronautical Information Message (Manual)
AIP Aeronautical Information Publication
AIS Aeronautical Information Service
ALT Alternate, Altitude
ALT Altitude
AMD Amended Meteorological Message
AMIL Anti-icing Material International Laboratory
AMM Aeroplane Maintenance Manual
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
ANT Antenna
AO Aeroplane Operator
AOA Angle of Attack
AP Autopilot
APP Approach Control (office)
APU Auxilary Power Unit
ARP Aerodrome Reference Point
ARR Arrival
AS Altostratus (cloud genera)
ASN Aviation Safety Network
ASR Airport Surveillance Radar
ASRS Aviation Safety Reporting System
ASSW Associated with
ATA Actual Time of Arrival
ATAG Air Transport Action Group
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATCT Air Traffic Control Tower
ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management
ATD Actual Time of Departure
ATIS Automated Terminal Information Service
ATS Air Traffic Services

B
BARO Barometric

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BASE Cloud base
BAT Battery
BKN Broken (5/8-7/8)
BLDT Boundary layer displacement thickness
BLO Below clouds
BLW Below...
BRK Brake
BTL Between layers
BTN Between...

C
C Centigrade
°C Degrees Celsius
CA Cabin Attendant
CAA Civil Aviation Administration
CAA Civil Aviation Authorities
CANSO Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation
CAPT Captain
CASA Computer Assisted Slot Allocation
CAT Clear Air Turbulence
CB Cumulonimbus (cloud genera)
CC Cirrocumulus (cloud genera)
CCA Corrcted Meteorological Message (or CCB, CCC, etc..., in sequence)
CDF Centralized De-icing Facility
CEN Committé Europeén de Normalisation (European Committee for
Standardization)
CG Center of Gravity
CI Cirrus (cloud genera)
CLD Cloud
CLR Clear
CM Centimeter
CNL Cancelled
CNS Continuous
COM Communication
COMPT Compartment
COR Corrected, Correct
COORD Coordination, Coordinator
COT At the coast
COV Covered
CP Control Panel
CS Cirrostratus (cloud genera)
CTOT Calculated Takeoff Time
CU Cumulus (cloud genera)
CUF Cumuliform
CWR Cockpit Voice Recorder

D
DAILY Daily Check
DEG Degrees
DENEB Fog dispersal operations
DEV Deviation
DEP Departure
DEST Destination
DGAC Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile
DIF Diffuse

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Available at www.aea.be Annex B, Page 4 of 14
DIR Direction
DP Dewpoint temperature
DUC Dense upper cloud

E
EA Each
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
EBAA European Business Aviation Association
EC European Commission
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
EEA European Express Association
ELEV Elevator
EMBD Embedded in a layer
EMER Emergency
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERAA European Regions Airline Association
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
EU European Union
EU European Union
EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
EXT PWR External power

F
°F Degrees Fahrenheit
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FADS Forced Air Deicing Systems
FBL Light
FBO Fixed Base Operator
FCST Forecast
FIC Flight Information Centre
FIDS Flight Information Display System
FIR Flight Information Region
FIS Flight Information Service
FL Flight Level
FLT Flight
FLUC Fluctuating, Fluctuation
FO First Officer
FOD Foreign Object Damage
FP Freezing Point
FPD Freezing Point Depressant
FRONT Weather Front
FRQ Frequent
FSF Flight Safety Foundation
FT Feet
FWD Forward
FZ Freezing

G
G Gram (g)
GA General Aviation
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GND Ground
GRID Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values

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GSE Ground Support Equipment
GVC General Visual Check

H
H Hours
H24 Continuous day and night service
HHET High Humidity Endurance Test
HLD Hold
HO Service available to meet operational requirements
HOT Holdover Time
HS Service available during hours of scheduled operations
HURCN Hurricane
HVY Heavy
Hz Herz

I
IACA International Air Carrier Association
IAO In and out of clouds
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
ICE Icing
IFA International Federation of Airworthiness
IFR Instrument Flight Rules
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions
IMPR Improve, Improving
INBD Inboard
INC In cloud
INOP Inoperative
INTL International
INTSF Intensifying
IR Infrared
ISA International Standard Athmosphere
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
ISO International Standardization Organisation
ISOL Isolated

J
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR Joint Aviation Requirements
JTST Jet stream

K
KG Kilogram
KM Kilometer

L
L Litre (l)
L/G Landing Gear
LAN Inland
LBS Pounds
LH Lefthand
LOC Locally
LOUT Lowest Operational Use Temperature

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LSQ Line Squall
LV Light and Variable (relating to wind)
LYR Layered

M
M Meter
MAC Mean Aerodynamic Chord
MAR At sea
MECH Mechanic
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MG Milligram (mg)
MHz Megaherz
MIN Minutes (min)
MISC Miscellaneous
MLG Main Landing Gear
MM Maintenance Manual
MM Millimeter
MOD Moderate
MON Above Mountains
MOV Moving
MSL Mean Sea Level
MT Mountain
MTOW Maximum Takeoff Weight
MTW Mountain Waves

N
NA Not available, Not applicable
NACA National Aviation Committee for Aeronautics
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NC No Change
NDT Non Destructive Testing
NIL No, None
NLG Nose Landing Gear
NM Nautical Miles
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NS Nimbostratus (cloud genera)
NSC No Significant Clouds
NSW No Significant Weather
NTP National Toxiology Program
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board

O
OAT Outside Air Temperature
OBS Observed
OBT Off Block Time
OCNL Occasionally
OJT On Job Training
OPC Operational Check
OPMET Operational Meteorological Information
OTP On Top
OVC Overcast

P
P/N Part number
PAX Passengers

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PFC Phase Check
PH Potential of Hydrogen
PIC Pilot in Command
PPM Parts Per Million
PROB Probability
PROP Propeller
PSI Pounds per Square Inch
PWR Power

Q
QC Quality Control
QFE Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold)
QNH Sea level pressure
QTS Quarts
R
RAG Ragged
RAT Ram Air Turbine
RCC Rescue Coordination Centre
RDP Remote De-icing Pad
REF Reference
REG Registration
RH Righthand, Relative Humidity
ROBT Revised Off Block Time
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RRA Delayed meteorological message (or RRB, RRC, etc..., in sequence)
RT/E Radio Telephony/English
RVR Runway Visual Range
RWY Runway

S
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SAR Search And Rescue
SC Stratocumulus (cloud genera)
SCT Scattered
SEV Severe
SFC Surface
SIGWX Significant Weather
SKC Sky Clear
SLW Slow
SMI Scientific Material International
SMS Safety Management System
SPC Special Check
ST Stratus (cloud genera)
STA Station
STD Standard
STD Stand
STF Stratiform
STNR Stationary
SWC Significant Weather Chart

T
TC Transport Canada
TCU Towering cumulus
TDO Tornado

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TEMP Temperature
T/O Take Off
TOP Cloud Top
TROP Tropopause
TURB Turbulence
TVC Thorough Visual Check
TWR Aerodrome Control, Control Tower
TYPH Typhoon

U
U/S Unserviceable
UNL Unlimited
UTC Coordinated Universal Time

V
V1 Takeoff decision speed
V2 Minimum takeoff safety speed
VC Vicinity of the aerodrome
VER Vertical
VHF Very High Frequency
VIS Visibility
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
Vr Rotation speed
VRB Variable

W
WAC Walk Around Check
WDSPR Widespread
WKN Weaken, Weakening
WS Wind Shear
WSET Water Spray Endurance Test
WSI Weather Service International
WTSPT Waterspout
WX Weather
WXR Weather Radar

1.2 Abbreviations, Weather

A
ATIS Air traffic information service
AUTOMETAR Aerodrome observation made by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more above
the ground

B
BLSN Snow storm/snow raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more above the
ground

C
C Celsius (C Degrees Celsius)
CNS Continuous

D
DEG Degrees
DENEB Fog dispersal operations

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DP Dew point temperature
DRSN Snow raised by the wind to less than 6-ft. above ground level
DZ Drizzle

F
F Fahrenheit (F Degrees Fahrenheit)
FCST Forecast
FG Fog
FP Freezing point
FRONT Weather front
FRQ Frequent
FZ Freezing
FZRA Freezing/super cooled rain
FZDZ Freezing/super cooled drizzle

G
GR Grain
GR/GS Hail/small hail or snow pellets
H
H24 Continuous day and night service
HVY Heavy

I
IC Ice crystal (diamond dust)
ICE Icing
IMPR Improve, improving
INTSF Intensifying
ISA International standard atmosphere
ISOL Isolated

L
LOC Locally

M
METAR Routine aerodrome observation in the METAR code
METREP Local routine aerodrome observation
MOD Moderate
MOV Moving
MSL Mean Sea level

N
NC No change
NIL No, none
NSW No significant weather

O
OAT Outside air temperature
OBS Observed
OCNL Occasionally

P
PL Ice pellets
PROB Probability

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RA Rain
RASN Rain and snow mixed, sleet (slush )

S
SADIS Satellite distribution system of meteorological data
SEV Severe
SFC Surface
SG Snow grain
SH Shower
SIGWX Significant weather
SKC Sky clear
SLW Slow
SN Snow
SNRA Snow and rain mixed, sleet (slush )
SPECIAL Special aerodrome observation in METAR code
STNR Stationary
SWC Significant weather chart
T
TAF Aerodrome forecast
TREND TREND-type landing forecast
TS Thunderstorm

U
UNL Unlimited
UTC Coordinated Universal time

V
VRB Variable

W
WKN Weaken, weakening
WX Weather

1.3 Glossary, terms and definitions

1.3.1 Active frost:

Active frost is a condition when frost is forming. Active frost occurs when aeroplane surface temperature
is:
- at or below 0 ºC (32ºF)
and
- at or below dew point

1.3.2 Anti-icing
Precautionary procedure which provides protection against the formation of frost or ice and accumulation
of snow or slush on treated surfaces of the aeroplane for a limited period of time (holdover time).

1.3.3 Anti-icing fluid

a) Premix Type I fluid;
b) mixture of water and Type I fluid;
c) Type II fluid, Type III fluid, or Type IV fluid;
d) mixture of water and Type II fluid, Type III fluid, or Type IV fluid.

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 NOTE: Fluids mentioned in a) and b) must be heated to ensure a temperature of 60 °C (140 °F)
minimum at the nozzle.

1.3.4 Check
An examination of an item against a relevant standard by a trained and qualified person.

1.3.5 Cold-soak effect

The wings of an aeroplane are said to be “cold-soaked” when they contain very cold fuel as a result of
having just landed after a flight at high altitude or from having been re-fuelled with very cold fuel.
Whenever precipitation falls on a cold-soaked aeroplane when on the ground, clear icing may occur.
Even in ambient temperatures between -2 °C and +15 °C (28 °F and 59 °F), ice or frost can form in the
presence of visible moisture or high humidity if the aeroplane structure remains at 0 °C (32 °F) or below.
Clear ice is very difficult to be detected visually and may break loose during or after takeoff. The
following factors contribute to cold-soaking: temperature and quantity of fuel in fuel cells, type and
location of fuel cells, length of time at high altitude flights, temperature of re-fuelled fuel and time since
re-fuelling.

1.3.6 Contamination
Contamination in this document is understood as all forms of frozen or semi-frozen moisture such as
frost, snow, ice or slush.

1.3.7 Contamination check

Check of aeroplane surfaces for contamination to establish the need for de-icing.

1.3.8 De-icing
Procedure by which frost, ice, slush or snow is removed from an aeroplane in order to provide clean
surfaces.

1.3.9 De-icing/anti-icing
Combination of the procedures 'de-icing' and 'anti-icing'. It may be performed in one or two steps.

1.3.10 De-icing fluid

a) heated water;
b) Premix Type I fluid;
c) mixture of water and Type I fluid;
d) Type II, Type III, or Type IV fluid;
e) Mixture of water and Type II, Type III, or Type IV fluid.
NOTE: De-icing fluid is normally applied heated in order to assure maximum efficiency.

1.3.11 Freezing drizzle

Fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops (diameter less than 0.5 mm (0.02 inch))
very close together which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed objects.

1.3.12 Freezing fog

A suspension of numerous very small water droplets which freezes upon impact with ground or other
exposed objects, generally reducing the horizontal visibility at the earth's surface to less than 1 km (5/8
mile).

1.3.13 Frost/hoar frost

Ice crystals that form from ice saturated air at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) by direct deposition on
the ground or other exposed objects.

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 1.3.14 Hail
Precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm (0.2 to >2.0 inches)
falling either separately or agglomerated.

1.3.15 Heated fluid and fluid/water mixtures

Heated fluid and fluid/water mixtures is considered to be heated when the temperature is +60 °C (140
°F) in de-/anti-icing operation.

1.3.16 Holdover time:

Estimated time for which an anti-icing fluid will prevent the formation of frost or ice and the accumulation
of snow on the protected surfaces of an aeroplane (under weather conditions as specified in the
holdover time table).

1.3.17 Ice pellets

Precipitation of transparent (grains of ice), or translucent (small hail) pellets of ice, which are spherical or
irregular, and which have a diameter of 5 mm (0.2 inch) or less. The pellets of ice usually bounce when
hitting hard ground.

1.3.18 Light freezing rain

Precipitation of liquid water particles which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed
objects, either in the form of drops of more than 0.5 mm (0.02 inch) or smaller drops which, in contrast to
drizzle, are widely separated. Measured intensity of liquid water particles is up to 2.5 mm/hour (0.10
inch/hour) or 25 grams/dm2/hour with a maximum of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) in 6 minutes.

1.3.19 LWE
Liquid Water Equivalent, i.e. the amount of water in the precipitation, e.g. amount of water in snow

1.3.20 Lowest Operational Use Temperature (LOUT)

The lowest operational use temperature (LOUT) is the higher (warmer) of
a) The lowest temperature at which the fluid meets the aerodynamic acceptance test (according to
AS5900) for a given type (high speed or low speed) of aeroplane or
and 7 °C
(13 °F) for Type II, III or IV fluids.
For applicable values refer to the fluid manufacturer’s documentation.

1.3.21 Moderate and heavy freezing rain

Precipitation of liquid water particles which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed
objects, either in the form of drops of more than 0.5 mm (0.02 inch) or smaller drops which, in contrast to
drizzle, are widely separated. Measured intensity of liquid water particles is more than 2.5 mm/hour (0.10
inch/hour) or 25 grams/dm2/hour.

1.3.22 Negative buffer

A negative buffer exists when the freezing point of a de-icing fluid is above the OAT.

1.3.23 Rain or high humidity (on cold soaked wing)

Water, visible moisture or humidity forming ice or frost on the wing surface, when the temperature of the
aeroplane wing surface is at or below 0 °C (32 °F).

1.3.24 Rime Ice

Small frozen water droplets, spherical opaque/milky granular appearance looking similar to frost in a
freezer. Typically rime ice has low adhesion to the surface and its surrounding rime ice particles.

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 1.3.25 Rain and snow
Precipitation in the form of a mixture of rain and snow.

1.3.26 Snow
Precipitation of ice crystals, most of which are branched, star-shaped or mixed with unbranched crystals.
At temperatures higher than -5 °C (23 °F), the crystals are generally agglomerated into snowflakes.

1.3.27 Snow grains

Precipitation of very small white and opaque particles of ice that are fairly flat or elongated with a
diameter of less than 1 mm (0.04 inch). When snow grains hit hard ground, they do not bounce or
shatter.
NOTE: For holdover time purposes treat snow grains as snow.

1.3.28 Snow pellets

Precipitation of white, opaque particles of ice. The particles are round or sometimes conical; their
diameter range from about 2 - 5 mm (0.08 - 0.2 inch). Snow pellets are brittle, easily crushed; they do
bounce and may break on hard ground.
NOTE: For holdover time purposes treat snow pellets as snow.

1.3.29 Slush
Snow or ice that has been reduced to a soft watery mixture.

1.3.30 Symmetrical treatment

Performing the de-/anti-icing treatment for the same areas on both sides of the airplane with the same
fluid and type as well as fluid mixture and same amount of fluid when anti-icing

1.3.31 Training
Instruction in a new task or skill or whenever changes to equipment or processes occur

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