SOUND, SPELLING AND SYMBOL

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Diana Komala Sari 1911040316

ENGLISH EDICATION STUDY PROGRAM

Before we know more about sound, spelling and symbol. First we have to know about phonetic
and phonology.

1. Phonetic
Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies of the sounds system or study of speech
sound production. According to (Edward Finegan, 2014:82) “Phonetics is study of the
sounds made in the production of human speech”. In other word, The linguistic phonetic,
is study of a language involves working out how the sounds of language (the phonetic
part) are used to make meaning (which is what makes it “linguistics”, and not just the
study of the sounds we can make with our bodies) how words are shaped, how they are
put together. How similar (but different) strings of sounds can be distinguished (such as
‘I scream’ and ‘ice cream’), how particular shades of meaning are conveyed, and how the
details of speech relate systematically to its inherently social context” (Richard Ogden,
2009:2).
Articulation phonetics focuses on the human vocal apparatus and describes sounds in
terms of their articulation in the vocal track; it has been central to the discipline
linguistics. Acoustic phonetics uses the tools of physics to study the nature of sound
waves produced in human speech. (Edward Finegan, 2014:82).

2. Phonology
Phonology is the study of the sound patterns of human languages. (Victoria Fromkin,
Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams, 2017:217). Phonology tell us how various sound from
patterns to create phonemes and their allophones. According to (Victoria Fromkin,
Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams, 2017 : 217 ) Phonology tells us what sounds are in our
language and which ones are foreign; it tells us what combinations of sounds comprise a
possible word in our language, whether it is an actual word like black, or a no word (in
English) like blick ; and it tells us what combination of sounds is not a possible word in
 our language like mbick. It also explains why certain phonetic features are important to
identifying a word.
The word phonology refers both to the linguistics knowledge that speakers have about the
sound patterns of their language to the description of that knowledge that linguists try to
produce. (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams, 2017:217).

3. Sound
Sound is a vibration or wave caused by an abject. Or, sound are instances of phonemes in
real speech. Put it simply, sound are everything we hear with our ears or something that
we can hear. Because, sound are produce by organ of speech. The sound of all language
fall into two classes Consonants and Vowels.
1. Vowels
Vowels are produce by positioning the tongue and mouth to from differently shaped
chambers and passages ( Edaward Finegan : 2014 ). In the other hand vowel are
produce with little restriction of the air flow from the lungs out through the mouth or
the nose.
The five latter alphabet (a, e, I, o, u )and from this five letters we get 12 vowel sound
from this letters. 12 vowels are further divined in two part as we can say
( monophthong ). And also in vowel there are 8 diphthong and 5 tripthong.
A. Monophthong
Monophthong are also called pure vowels as they have single sound in their
pronunciation. 12 monophthong are share into two part.
a. Long vowels
The symbol of long vowels that is:

ɑ: Palm /pɑ:m/
ɪ: Read /rɪ:d/
u: Cool /ku:l/
ɜ: Earn /ɜ:(r)n/
ɔ: Cause /Kɔ:z/

If there is word that symbolized with this the sound are pronounced in longer way
that is why we called long vowels.
b. Short Vowel

ɒ Lot /lɒt/
ʌ Bus / bʌs/
e Bed / bed/
ə About /əbaʊt/
æ Cat /cæt/
ɪ Sit /sɪt/
ʊ Good /gʊd/

If there is word that symbolized with this, this vowel sound pronounced not
longer, or we can say short vowels.

c. Diphthong
A diphthong is a sequence of two vowel sound bonded together. Simply,
diphthong is two sound vowel combine to be one word.

aɪ Cry /craɪ/
eɪ Play /pleɪ/
əʊ So /səʊ/
aʊ Cow /caʊ/
eə Bear /beə(r)/
ɪə Tear /tɪə(r)/
ɔɪ Boy /bɔɪ/
ʊə Tour /tʊə(r)/

d. Tripthong
Triptong is can be looked on as being of the five closing diphthong with
symbol /ə/ added on the end.
Closing ending /ɪ/ + /ə/

eɪ Layer / leɪə(r)/
aɪ Fire / faɪə(r)/
ɔɪ Royal / rɔɪəl/
 Closing ending in /ʊ/ + /ə/

əʊ Lower / ləʊə(r)/
aʊ Hour /aʊə(r)/

2. Consonants
Consonants sound is sound made by air moving from the back of our mouth and our
lips. ( Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman and Nina Hyams : 2017) explain consonants
are produce with some restriction of closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow
of air from the lugs. There are 24 consonant sound and there will be three kind of
consonants sound.

voiceless /p/,/k/,/t/,/ʈʃ/,/f/,
/s/, /θ/ /ʃ/
Voiced /b/, /g/, /d/, /dʒ/,
/v/, /ð/,/ʒ/, /z/
Other /h/, /w/, /n/, /m/,
Consonants /r/, /j/, /ŋ/, /l/,

4. Spelling
Spelling is the process activity of writing or naming the letters of a word. Or we say like
this speling is the ability to spell word in the correct way. In the other hand, phonetic
spelling is the representation of vocal sound which express pronunciation of word, it is a
system of spelling in which letter represent invariability same spoken sound. This is like
we have to spell the 26 letter in english cause that is really different.
Here is 26 latter and the way how we pronounced the letter cause in english that is realy
different.
In addition according to Edward Finegan ( 2014 : 78 ) there is two others ways that
represent sound in writing.
a. Same spelling, Different pronunciation
The meaning of this is the variety of pronunciation represented by the same letter
or servis of letter in different words.
Example : Tear /teər/ – Tear /tɪər/
In the word Tear and Tear represent 4 letter and they have same word to spell.
But, the pronunciation of Tear /teər/ and Tear /tɪər/ spelling in different
pronunciation cause they have different symbol vocal sound in English, Tear
consist with (eə) symbol, and Tear consist with (ɪə) symbol. So, this is named
same spelling different pronunciation.
b. Same pronunciation, Different spelling
In the other hand English word are have same pronunciation but spelling
differently. This is same when we in school we learn about homophones or
( homonyms ).
Example : Pray /preɪ/ – Prey /preɪ/
In the word Pray and Prey represent 4 letter and they have different spelling,
because Pray consist with (a) and Prey consist with (e). For the sound or the
pronunciation they have the same spelling caused they have same symbol Pray
/preɪ/ consist with (eɪ) symbol, meanwhile Prey /preɪ/ consist with (eɪ) symbol,
 but they have different meaning and spelling. So this is rule of same
pronunciation, different spelling.

5. Symbol
Symbol is a written characters used in phonetic transcription of representative a particular
speech sound. ( Peater Roach. 2009 : 44 ). Basically the symbol are for one of two
purpose; either they are phonetic symbol for phonemes ( Phonemic symbol ) or they are
phonetic symbol. All of the symbol from phonemic and phonetic it’s really important
when we study sound of language. Before we learn about the phonemic and phonetic we
have to know what is the symbol that will we learn.
The symbol called as IPA ( International Phonetic Alphabet ) the symbol that always
used for study languages around the world. There are 26 letters in English alphabet. From
this 26 letters represent 44 sound, and each sound has its own symbol. This mean 26
letters represent much larger number of sound. So sound and letters do not always match
up or have same pronunciation.
Here the symbol of 44 sound or IPA ( International Phonetic Alphabet ), this symbol are
usually use to describe the speech sound of any the world’s languages. There is three kind
symbol 12 vowels, 8 diphthong and 24 consonants.
6. Conclusion
There are many tools of human articulation and each of them has different position in
generating the sound of language. The study of sound language we call as Phonetics and
phonology. Then, there is 26 alphabet that respresent 44 a symbol for help us to learn
about how pronounced word with the right sound that is IPA ( International Phonetic
Alphabet ). However, there is an element that is not categorized as a human articulation,
but has a very important role in generating the sound. The element is air and is the
primary source of energy to produce sound.
Sound itselfes share into two kind that is vowel and consonats sound, this is the sound of
language by tools of human articulation. All vowel are voiced sound, in vowel there are
mhonopthong, dhipthong, and tripthong that represent each kind of vowel. Consonants
 sound is sound made by air moving from the back of our mouth and our lips. There are
24 consonant sound.
Spelling is the process activity of writing or naming the letters of a word. Or we say like
this speling is the ability to spell word in the correct way, like we have to spell the 26
letter in english cause that is really different. Symbol is a written characters used in
phonetic transcription of representative a particular speech sound. ( Peater Roach. 2009 :
44 ). And this symbols we call as IPA ( International Phonetic Alphabet ).

REFFERENCESS

Finegan, Edward. 2014. Language ; Its Structure and Use 7 th Edition. University of
Southern California : 5⁴ Carlisle Publishing Services.

Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman; Robert; & Hyams, Nina. 2017. An Introduction toLanguage,
Eleventh Edition. Boston, MA : Change Learning

Roach, Peter. 2009. English Phonetics And Phonology : A Practical Curse, Fourth
Edition. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press

Odgen, Richard. 2009. An Introduction to English Phonetic. Edinburgh : Edinburgh

TAKS OF DISTRIBUTION

Diana Komala Sari : Phonetic and Phonology - moderator

Fitri Esa Ulva Mima : Spelling and Symbol – PPT

Luki Setiawan : IPA and Sound – Final Editing Paper