JOURNALISM

AS CAREER

Ma'am Kynah Amor M. Darvin

Objectives
The students will be able to:

01
define journalism

02
distinguish qualities of a
journalist

03
the role of journalism and press
in the society
 Why
Journalism?
 What is
Journalism?
How do you define journalism?
DEFINITION
AS JOURNALISM HAS COME TO
BE THOUGHT AS:
profession,
an industry,
a phenomenon, and
a culture,
definitions have emerged that
reflect various concerns and
goals. (Zelizer, B.)
 Journalists, journalism
educators, and journalism
scholars all take different
pathways in thinking
productively about the
subject, and the effort to
define journalism
consequently goes in
various directions.
Zelizer, B.
Definition
Daniel Schorr noted that
reporting was not only a
livelihood for him but "a frame of
mind." By extension, journalism
as a frame of mind varies from
individual to individual.
Thingking about journalism

The various terms of news, the press, the news media, and information and
communication themselves suggest profound differences in what individuals
consider journalism to mean and what expectations they have of journalists.

Largely associated with journalism's craft dimensions, the term tends to

reference the evolving skills, routines, and conventions involved in making
news.
 How
journalists
talk about
journalism.
Journalism
As a Sixth Sense
Sixth Sense . . .
Journalists make frequent mention of what they
call a "news sense," suggesting a natural,
seemingly inborn talent skill for locating and
ferreting out news.

As the Poynter guideline reminded its readers:

"Good reporters have a nose for news. They can
sniff out a story. Smell a scandal. Give them a
whiff of corruption and they'll root it out like a
pig diving for truffles"
Journalism
As a Container
Journalists talk about journalism
as a phenomenon with volume,
materiality, dimension, depth, and
complexity.

What does it mean?

Journalism as a Container

"Containing" in this regard has two meanings-keeping the news intact and
keeping the news within limits, or checking its untoward expansion.

Journalism as a container thus both facilitates access to information while

putting limits on the information that can be accessed.
Journalism
As a Mirror
 Journalism
as a Mirror

It surfaces in catchphrases by which journalists

describe their work-providing "a lens on the world,"
producing newspaper copy," compiling
"journalistic relays," offering "all the news that's
fit to print."

Publishers choose names for newspapers that play to

the idea of journalism as a mirror of events, likening
them to a sentinel, beacon, emblem, herald,
standard, reflector, or chronicle.
Journalism
As a Story
The "story" describes what
journalists produce when
gathering and presenting news.

Certain kinds of journalism are

characterized by the kinds of
stories they provide: human
interest news, New Journalism,
and literary journalism each
take on storytelling forms that
distinguish them from the larger
world of journalistic relays.
The downside of seeing journalism
as a story has been the various
violations involving storytelling-
plagiarism, fabrication,
misquotation.
Journalism
As a Child
For many journalists, the news requires
careful nurturing, and they position
themselves as its caretakers.

Journalism is seen as not only fragile and

vulnerable--a phenomenon in need of
attention, supervision, and care-but it
often demands an unreasonable and
unpredictable on-call status
Watchdog
This conception of journalism
forces on journalists a watchdog
role, by which they stand guard
over the shaping of news, and at
other times calls for a gentler
nurturing role.
And "feeding the beast," a reference to an always
hungry press, describes a reaction to situations in
which journalism's demands are excessive and go too
far, not unlike those of an overly demanding child.
Journalism
As a Service
Journalists are said to "serve"

Journalists think of journalism as a service in the public interest, one that is shaped
with an eye toward the needs of healthy citizenship.

Journalists' willingness to break with old routines, a desire to reconnect with citizens,
an emphasis on serious discussions as the foundation of politics, and a focus on
citizens as actors rather than spectators all position journalism squarely in the
service mode.
THE USEFULLNESS
OF DEFINITIONS

They are useful here

because each offers a way ro
think about how the press
conld work better than it
does today.
Qualities of a
Journalist
Qualities of a Journalist
Journalists function as eyes and ears of any newspaper or news channel. It is not an
easy task to unambiguously classify all the qualities of a correspondent.

Capability to ‘Smell Capability to form Capability to remain a

News’ ‘contacts’ or ‘sources’ Neutral Analyst
To smell news means to be able to and maintain them: A correspondent disinterestedly
foretell that whether a particular It is important that the observes and analyses various
information or incident has any trustworthiness of ‘contacts’ or events and presents them in a
news value or not or whether they ‘information sources’ should be balanced and objective manner in
are being concealed. frequently appraised. front of the readers or audiences.
Qualities of a Journalist
Journalists function as eyes and ears of any newspaper or new channel. It is not an
easy task to unambiguously classify all the qualities of a correspondent.

Ability to present Extroverted and To be able to perform

thoughts clearly: Sociable Nature: under various internal
and external pressures:
As a reporter a person has to work Journalists are required to meet
in multifarious fields such as innumerous persons daily, win the When reporters publish or air a report which
may go against the interests of certain
science, technology, economics, etc. confidence of the others and create
individuals they try to pressurize the
You should have good command sources reporters for not publishing such reports by
over a number of different subjects. offering them bribes or intimidating them
with various unlawful means.
Role of Journalism and the Press
in the Society

The press The press The press The press as The press
as a public as a public democracy and good as a public
as
governance advocate
watchdog detective educator educator
Reporting on When journalists The press also An example of this Even if the press can
government are well trained plays a general
democratic advocacy perform only its most
function is the role of the
Reporting on and have educative role in basic function — that
press during an election. As
economic trusted sources society. well as reporting on election is, reporting on
development of information, For example, the
issues (for example, the matters of public
polls, party programmes and
Reporting on the press is able media can interest — it
party tactics), the media can
social issues to investigate inform the adult help to strengthen nevertheless acts as a
wrongdoing by population democratic processes by promoter of
encouraging the public
public officials about a wide transparency,
authorities to hold a free and
range of fair election through
openness and
educational educating the public about accountability.
what this would entail.
topics.
 Journalist Code
of Ethics
1. I shall scrupulously report and interpret the news,
taking care not to suppress essential facts nor to
distort the truth by omission or improper
emphasis. I recognize the duty to air the other
side and the duty to correct substantive errors
promptly.
2. I shall not violate confidential information on
material given me in the exercise of my calling.
3. I shall resort only to fair and honest methods in
my effort to obtain news, photographs and/or
documents, and shall properly identify myself as a
representative of the press when obtaining any
personal interview intended for publication.
 Journalist Code
of Ethics
4. I shall refrain from writing reports which will
adversely affect a private reputation unless the public
interests justifies it. At the same time, I shall write
vigorously for public access to information, as
provided for in the constitution.

5. I shall not let personal motives or interests

influence me in the performance of my duties; nor
shall I accept or offer any present, gift or other
consideration of a nature which may cast doubt on
my professional integrity.

6. I shall not commit any act of plagiarism.

 Journalist Code
of Ethics
7. I shall not in any manner ridicule, cast aspersions on
or degrade any person by reason of sex, creed,
religious belief, political conviction, cultural and ethnic
origin.

8. I shall presume persons accused of crime of being

innocent until proven otherwise. I shall exercise
caution in publishing names of minors, and women
involved in criminal cases so that they may not
unjustly lose their standing in society.
 Journalist Code
of Ethics
9. I shall not take unfair advantage of a fellow
journalist.

10. I shall accept only such tasks as are compatible

with the integrity and dignity of my profession,
invoking the “conscience clause” when duties
imposed on me conflict with the voice of my
conscience.

11. I shall comport myself in public or while

performing my duties as journalist in such manner as
to maintain the dignity of my profession. When in
doubt, decency should be my watchword.
References
01
Philippine Press Institute - Philippine
Press Institute (philpressinstitute.net)

02
Definitions of Journalism
(Barbie Zelizer, 2005)

03
https://www.kas.de
Write an essay with 250-words about

JOURNALIST
IN ME

JOURNALISM STUDENT OUTPUT # 1

Write your own (at least 10 )

"Code of
Ethics"

JOURNALISM STUDENT OUTPUT # 2

Next meeting . . .
History of Journalism in the Philippines
Online Group Presentations
Each section will be divided into 7 groups:

A. Early Years

B. Period of Revolution

C. American Colonial Period

D. Japanese Occupation

E. Liberation Period

F. Martial Law Era

G. Contemporary Times
Week 3 Week 4
September 25, 2021 October 2

GROUP 1 GROUP 3
Early Years American Colonial Period

GROUP 2 GROUP 4
Period of Revolution Japanese Occupation
Week 5 Week 6
October 9, 2021 October 16, 2021

GROUP 5 GROUP 7
Liberation Period Contemporary Times

GROUP 6
Martial Law Era
Guidelines
History of Journalism in the Philippines

Online Group Presentations

1. Each section will be divided into 7 groups.
2. Groups will be posted thru Messenger/ Google
Classroom.
3. Prepare a slide presentation during the
discussion.
4. Submit your slide presentation in our google
classroom.
5. No presentation means "zero" score.
6. Each member shall explain/discuss the assigned
topic.
7. Each group will prepare a short quiz thru google
form and submit the summary of score to your
professor.
QUESTIONS