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Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions: Chapter 7 How Far? How Fast?

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335 views2 pages

Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions: Chapter 7 How Far? How Fast?

Uploaded by

Robin Hoot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answers to end-of-chapter

questions
Chapter 7 How far? How fast? 100.4
x

Mass of flask and contents / grams


100.3
1 The methods used to prevent explosions from
‘runaway reactions’ are precisely the opposite to 100.2
those changes that would speed up the rate of
reaction. The changes used would need to have a 100.1
‘dampening’, or inhibitory, effect. The following
changes would all result in a slowing down of a 100.0

reaction:
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
◆ lowering the temperature
Time / seconds
◆ adding water to dilute the reactants (see
Workbook Exercise 7.6 for an example)
c i gets faster [1]
◆ lowering the pressure of a gas reaction.
ii gets faster [1]
Other methods are also possible. d combustion, small, large [3]
e i respiration [1]
2 a hydrated iron sulfate → anhydrous iron ii a substance which speeds up a chemical
sulfate + water [1] reaction [1]
b endothermic [1]; heat has to be applied [Total = 12]
(or words to that effect) [1] [2]
c pale green [1] 4 a amount of manganese(iv) oxide and
d It is a reversible reaction [1], hydrated temperature [2]
iron sulfate is formed [1] and heat is also b i the higher the concentration, the faster
generated (reaction exothermic) which the reaction [1]
produces steam [1]. [3] ii A lower concentration will produce less
e reversible reaction [1] oxygen. [1]
f If water is added to anhydrous cobalt chloride iii 25 or 26 s [1]
[1], it changes colour from blue to pink [1]. [2] 36 or 37 cm3 [1]
[Total = 10] c magnesium oxide, copper(ii) oxide,
manganese(iv) oxide, lead(iv) oxide [1]
3 a Carbon dioxide is given off. [1] [Total = 7]
b i somewhere between 600 and 630 s [1]
ii X placed at the beginning of the curve (see 5 a i fair test [1]; keep the amount of solution
graph below) [1] above the cross the same [1] [2]
iii sketch graph to the right of the printed ii value for gap: between 120 and 150 [1]
curve [1] and levelling out above it [1] iii speed decreases [1] because lower
(see graph at the top of the next column) [2] concentration [1] means fewer
collisions [1] [3]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 7 1
b The reaction is faster [1] because higher
temperature makes particles move more
rapidly [1]; this means more collisions [1]
and harder/more energetic collisions [1]. [4]
[Total = 10]

6 a making fertiliser [1]


b Methane is reacted with steam/water:
CH4 + 2H2O → 4H2 + CO2 [3]
c High pressure increases the reaction rate
because gas particles are closer together [2].
High pressure ensures that equilibrium is shifted
to the right/forward [1] because the reaction
has fewer molecules on the right [1] and so
the forward reaction reduces pressure [1]. [5]
d i endothermic needs heat/energy to
proceed; exothermic produces
heat/energy [1]
ii first blank: endothermic; second blank:
6 × 388 = 2328; third blank: exothermic [2]
The exothermic value (heat given out
making bonds) of 2328 is greater than the
endothermic value (the heat taken in to
break bonds) of 944 + 1308 [1]. [3]
[Total = 13]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 7 2

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