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Reaction Paper On Victimology

The criminal justice system has historically responded to domestic violence after the fact, but is shifting to a preventative approach. Victims' perceptions of police response to domestic violence and systems for victim reparation are also topics of discussion. Recommendations include continuous improvement and awareness efforts to help victims participate in rehabilitation and prevention programs. The new approaches of the criminal justice system have changed how agencies interact with the public regarding intimate partner violence.

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Charmis Tubil
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624 views6 pages

Reaction Paper On Victimology

The criminal justice system has historically responded to domestic violence after the fact, but is shifting to a preventative approach. Victims' perceptions of police response to domestic violence and systems for victim reparation are also topics of discussion. Recommendations include continuous improvement and awareness efforts to help victims participate in rehabilitation and prevention programs. The new approaches of the criminal justice system have changed how agencies interact with the public regarding intimate partner violence.

Uploaded by

Charmis Tubil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: MSC 219-Domestic Violence and Victimology

Assignment Topics:

 The Criminal Justice System in Responding to Domestic Violence


 Victims Perceptions of police Response to Domestic Violence
 Victim Reparation

Instruction for Asynchronous Learning

1. Students are required to make summary of the topic, comments, evaluation and
recommendations in writing of every topic presented supported with related
literature with references.
I. Summary of the Topics

It is only within the recent past that domestic violence has been considered a crime
justifying the intervention of Criminal Justice System. Way back, much of what
we considered and categorized a domestic violence were once viewed as “normal”
in the society, a part of a marriage life or in any relationship that one should
expect, accept and bear with. “In medieval times, husbands had the power over the
life and death of their dependents and the unrestrained right to physical
chastisement of members of the household including their wives and children”.
(Pleck, 1987)

For so many years, the liberty of the perpetrators of gender violence has been
challenged and questioned sending a clear message that domestic violence is a
serious offense. Domestic violence was redefined from what was once private
issue as public concern warranting the involvement from the Criminal Justice
System. The effort of women’s movement has yield results such as assault and
raped now formally defined as criminal offense even though the perpetrator is the
victim’s husband.

Recently, in the age of technology an increase in public service announcements


and advertisement from social media platforms and television has helped the public
to be more aware. This has also brought these dangerous situations out from
behind closed doors. In the light of public awareness, it has also dramatically
transform the way the police department response to addressing domestic violence.
The implementation and assessments of how lethality a domestic violence situation
can be has increased the diligence and efficiency of police responses leading to
increase in identification of victims under high risk of domestic violence.

Just as the public has slowly become more conscientious of domestic violence in
the community and the police response has developed gradually, the court has also
established principles relating to reparation, including compensation and
rehabilitation of victims. The RA 7309 –the law which creates the Board of Claims
that incorporates the victims’ compensation program which can be applied through
Secretariat of the Board of Claims, Department of Justice (DOJ) within 6 months
from when the victim suffered damage or injury were also established. Nowadays,
the courts in its decision may either upon request or on its own motion in
exceptional circumstances, may determine the scope and extent of any damage,
loss and injury to, or in respect of victims and will state the principles on which it
is acting. (Victims’ Rights in “Philippines - Crimes Act,” n.d.)

II. Reactions

On CJS in Responding to Domestic Violence

The Criminal Justice System has historically served as the main vehicle in
community’s response to domestic violence. Throughout reading of different
materials, there are learnings on how it gradually transform from one that was
reserve in terms to tackling issues on domestic violence or intimate-partner
violence to one that seeks out to reduce the harmful consequences of act (s) after it
has occurred and prevent further violence from occurring once identified. To
which in my thoughts, this new approaches of CJS to domestic violence have
progressively changed the way government agencies including in our country
interact with the public. That, it is noteworthy to see the sense of urgency to take
appropriate measures to address the victims’ fear of retaliation or further violence
or escalation of violence has been slowly considered and incorporated in our legal
framework and legislation.

Victims Perceptions of police Response to Domestic Violence

As the public becomes gradually aware and vigilant of domestic violence or


intimate-partner violence, the police department has also becomes more diligent
about addressing these situations. Though, there are aspects that needs to be
improve as part of the never-ending process of adjustment to the constant changes,
diversity of composition of a community, and other factors, they have shown
significant awareness and attentiveness to the dangers of domestic violence. Over
time, concerted effort of public and private group or entities to domestic violence
awareness-campaigns has develop trust of victims to the police or law enforcers’
capability to address their situations. However, it can also be said that this trust has
added responsibilities to the police force to live with expectations of the public as
they would are sure to be criticize whenever they failed to predict future violence
or failed to protect a victim.

On Victim Reparation
The question of what is reparation simultaneously gives rise to the question
what should be the aim of the reparation. Victims of crimes including domestic
violence which involved shattered trust and feelings of security must not only be
given monetary claims. It should also aim to heal and allow victims to cope form
with the past as well as the future.
Victims are generally unable to return to their original condition and they are
often changed by their experience. Having these in mind, it is significant to have
continuous process-oriented approach to reparation that involves corresponding
awareness of public and organizations in term of determining or improving
reparation for the harm inflicted to the victims. It is like having symbolic
reparation which intends to restore the victim’s dignity by acknowledging the harm
done in a transformative way.

III. Comments

It is apparent that in some point there still exists reluctance of victims to


participate in domestic violence related program to the point of not seeing any
personal advantages they could gain from it. However concerted effort of CJS,
government, and private organizations is a huge leap from the strategies and
practical measures that we have had in the past. Thus, it is with high hope that
these new approaches of criminal justice system adopting restorative justice with
significant consideration to victims, police and community response would
eventually break the taboo and reluctance of people especially the victims to
participate in the quest of rehabilitation and prevention of the same circumstances.

IV. Evaluation

CJS in Responding to Domestic Violence

Previously the Criminal Justice System has focused mainly on the most
serious cases of domestic violence. Traditionally CJS has its eyes fixed on cases
involving serious injuries that require hospitalization. However it is edifying to
know that through the years, the emphasis has shifted from the traditional to
strategies that include victim-centered approach following the Philippine
adaptation to restorative justice that reinforces the importance of understanding the
victim, the dynamics of victimization and trauma-informed responses.

For instance, “battered woman syndrome” is one of the significant reform


introduced in justice proceeding where a woman who has experienced prolong
terms of abuse or what has been termed “murder by installment” oftentimes
reacted and killed her abuser even without provocation. Nonetheless, the courts
perceived the victim’s action as defending herself due to her special psychological
state of mind. The CJS has also promotes concerted effort of various agencies and
even the communities in responding to domestic violence.
In addition there have been a lot of issues involving lack of sensitivity and
tactfulness of officers handling sensitive cases recent development involve gradual
but apparent acts of law enforcement agencies to incorporate gender sensitivity and
equality programs and awareness campaigns in collaboration with private
organizations and the academe.

Over decades and coming from various countries, the major area of concern by the
activists and academicians included the response of Criminal Justice system to
Domestic violence. It can be observe that CJS has gone to drastic change and
reformation over time in dealing with domestic violence. Especially during this
progressive age of technology where information dissemination are far-reaching
and the audience comes from diversity of people.

Finally, as a country which practices adaptation of restorative justice, programs


rooted to restorative outcomes response designed to accomplish reparation of the
victim, and the reintegration of the victims and/or offenders were also established.
Mediation, conferencing, support system were also in place in the effort of the CJS
to somehow restore the dignity of victims through recognizing the harm inflicted to
them, so they could move on with their lives after what has transpired.

The new approaches of the criminal justptice system to IPV have changed the way
agencies interact with the public.

The criminal justice system has historically served as the main vehicle in a
community's response to domestic violence. This approach contrasts with other
prevention efforts that seek to reduce the harmful consequences of an act of
violence after it has occurred, or to prevent further acts of violence from occurring
once violence has been identified. Primary prevention relies on identification of the
underlying, or “upstream”, risk and protective factors for intimate-partner violence
and/or sexual violence, and action to address those factors. Its aim is to reduce
rates of intimate partner violence and sexual violence.

 Victims Perceptions of police Response to Domestic Violence


 Victim Reparation
V. Conclusion

VI. Recommendation

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