NEHRU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

T. M. Palayam, Coimbatore-641 105

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Accredited by NAAC, Recognized by UGC with Section 2(f) and 12(B)
NBA Accredited UG Courses: AERO, CSE, MECH

AE8751 - AVIONICS

Presented by
M.MOHAMMEDKASIM
AP/ECE/NIET
ARINC 429 & 629

2
General

A physical and electrical interface of a

two-wire data bus in most of the
commercial and transport aircrafts
 One pair for TX and another pair for RX
 A data protocol to support an aircraft's
avionics local area network.
 Use Star/Bus/Multiple bus topology

3
ARINC 429

4
In A NUTSHELL
 Open Standard, with 32 bit word Transmission.
 A Simplex (TX & Rx on diff. ports) , Dedicated
I/O with Point to Point, synchronous
communication with 2 wire
 Operate on both discrete and analog signals
 Max 20 Receivers can be connected to the 2
wire.
 Sub Systems include FMS,ILS, VHF, Display
system

5
FEATURES
 An Unidirectional Bus operating 12.5 or
14.5 or 100 kbps
 Use 32 Bit word with Odd Parity for error
detection
 Waveform is RTZ bipolar
 It is Simplex Bus ,having RT, or Bus
Monitor with no bus controller

6
Cont…

7
Figure.1: Star Topology Figure.2: Bus-drop Topology

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RTZ Bipolar Format

9
ARINC Avionic Data Bus in Boeing

10
Features of ARINC 429
 A standard that communicates between
avionics equipment and systems
connected with Twisted Pair wires
 Employs a Unidirectional Data Bus
Standard called Mark 33 Digital
Information system
 Data speed =12.5 or 100 kbps
 Transmission and reception on separate
ports so that many wires required

11
Point to Point structure

12
Components of Arinc 429
1. 429 Transmitter- 2 transmit channels
2. 429 Receiver-20 incoming channels
3. Software Interface
4. Graphical user Interface GUI

13
ARINC 429 Architecture

14
ARINC 429 INTERFACE thru RS232

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Word Format Characterestic
 32 bit word by two wire transmission
containing 5 fields
 Protocol= Point to Multi- Point Protocol
 Has both low speed and high speed
 Parity Bit = MSB
 Five fields ; 2 for numerical data, 1 for
discrete data, 2 for alphanumeric data
 Data = BCD

16
Word Format

17
Word Format
 32 BIT Format
 1-8 for Label (for maintenance purpose)
 9 & 10 for SDI ( Source Destination Identifier)-
1 TX and 20 RX
 11 to 29 Data both discrete and Numerical data
 30 & 31 for SSM( Sign/Status Matrix) for
reporting repair/fault on hardware status of en
equiment
 32 for Parity for error detection and correction.

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ARINC 629

19
Schematic of Basic Protocol for Flight
control

20
General Features of ARINC 629
 A Multipoint system- one transmitter to Multi
receivers
 Has two independent MAC protocols for
communications across a 2 Mbps Serial data bus
 Use High Speed Bi directional Bus –Duplex
 Has periodic and a-periodic transmissions
 Has 2 Protocols-Basic Protocol and Combined protocol;
 Basic protocol for flight controls,
 Combined protocol for flight management system
 No bus Controller required

21
Combined Protocol Layer

2
2

22
4 Protocol layers of Arinc 629
 Physical layer- 2 Mbps Serial Data Transmission on
Twister pair cable for collision avoidance
 Data Link Layer- single source to many terminals for
using TDMA
 Having Basic Protocol and Combined protocol
existing in the same bus
 Network Layer- 20 bit words upto 256 data words
 Upper Layer-presenting application, session,
presentation and transport layer for IMA architecture

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Basic Protocol features-in flight control

 Transmitting only at aperiodic mode

 Normally Terminals transmit on periodic mode on no

overload

 Even if there is overload, it is transmitting on aperiodic

mode

24
Combined Protocol-CP - FMS system

 Shortfalls in BP for Periodic and Sporadic data

transmissions corrected

 Transmitting both on periodic and aperiodic mode

 Terminals given equal opportunity to switch when there

is overload

 Periodic Data compressed into Burst, separated by

Transmit Internal T1

25
Difference between BP & CP

BP CP
Transmitting either Transmitting both
Periodic or aperiodic periodic and aperiodic
Terminals transmit at Terminals transmit at
periodic only when there periodic mode even if
is no overload there is overload
Terminals not given equal Terminals given equal
opportunity for overload opportunity to switch for
overload
26
Difference between Periodic & Aperiodic
Mode
 Periodic Mode:All transmission times are fixed in each
cycle

 Aperiodic Mode: Individual Transmission times vary

between cycles

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Timers used
1. Timer 1 for Transmit Internal T1
2. Timer 2 for Synchronisation Gap SG
3. Timer 3 for Terminal Gap TG
4. These 3 timers work both on Periodic and
Aperiodic mode

28
Timing Status
1. TG-Terminal Gap An unique timer assigned
to the terminal for waiting after a bus activity.
TG begins when SG is elapsed.
2. SG-Synchronization gap- A quiet time
condition SG-starts the moment the terminal is
quiet; TG & SG cannot overlap;SG starts
when the bus is quiet.
3. Transit timing condition T1- Transmit Timer
starts the moment the terminal starts
transmitting-

29
Timing diagram-Periodic mode-Constant
T1
1. When terminal starts Transmitting, T1 timer
starts
2. when the Bus is quiet SG timer starts
3. when SG has finished, TG timer starts
4. T1-TG-SG

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 Timing diagram-Periodic mode-Constant
T1

T1 TG SG
Delay until T1 elapse

TG2
Tn SG
T1 T2

Constant T1
31
Timing Diagram-Aperiodic Mode-Variable
T1
1. Each terminal has an unique preassigned TG
2. Transmit Terminal T1 is applicable to the first
transmission.
3. For all other terminals T1 overrides and TG
starts
4. For Aperiodic SG starts when the Bus is quiet.

32
 Timing Diagram-Aperiodic Mode-Variable
T1

T1 T2 stop
start Tn

SG
TG1 TGn
TG2

Variable T1

33
ARINC 629 card

34
Arinc 629 Interface

35
Word Format
1. 20 bit word using CSMA/CA protocol
2. 16 Bit Data Word; 16 Bits assigned between
Synchronization bits and parity bit- are Labels
3. 1 Bit for Parity
4. 3 Bit for Synchronization HI to LO

36
 Word Format in Arinc 629

0 for Parity 12-15 for Channel

Identification CID

0 1 11 12 15 16 19

11 to 1 –Labels (numbered
16-19-4 bits for sync
in reverse)

37
Comparison between 429 & 629
No Parameter ARINC 429 ARINC 629

1 Architecture Federated F + IMA

2 Data Flow Uni directional Bi Directional
Simplex Duplex

3 Word Size 32 bit in RTZ 20 bit word

4 Protocol & P-P P-MP
Timing Asynch. Sync & Async
5 Speed 12.5 Kbps to 2 Mbps Serial
100 kbps
38
Comparison between 629 & 1553
No Description 629 1553

1 Architecture IMA+Fed IMA

2 Signal Format and Parity RTZ Manchestor
Odd Odd
3 Data Bus Terminals 2 RT 3RT,
One BM One BC &BM

4 Coupling STP STP

&Transformer
5 Data System & speed Duplex Multiplex
2 Mbps 1 Mbps
6 Word Size 20 bit 16 bit
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40