Instruction: Choose the letter of the best answer.

Write your answer on the space provided before the

number. Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score
on your paper.

______ 1. It refers to the biological interactions where one organism kills and eats another organism.
A. Predation B. Competition C. Commensalism D. Parasitism

______ 2. It is a type of relationship or interactions where different species living together in a close
association that is helpful in both species.
A. Parasitism B. Amensalism C. Commensalism D. Mutualism

______ 3. This relationship of organisms triggers the phenomenon called allelopathy.

A. Amensalism B. Commensalism C. Mutualism D. Neutralism
______ 4. He was a Russian biologist who proposed the competitive exclusion principle.
A. Charles Darwin C. G.F. Gause
B. Henry Stanley D. Thomas Robert Malthus
______ 5. It refers to a type of competition that occurs between individuals of different species.
A. Interspecific B. Mutualistic C. Intraspecific D. Neutralistic

The interactions between predators and prey involve continues evolutionary change; as predators evolve more
efficient ways of capturing prey, the prey evolves ways of avoiding predators.

Camouflage is often used by prey as a way to disguise themselves from predators. Camouflage is a

type of coloration or pattern that helps an animal blend in with its surroundings. It is common among
invertebrates, including some species of octopus and squid, along with a variety of other animals.

Chemical defense is a life history strategy employed by many organisms to avoid consumption by
producing toxic or repellent metabolites. The production of defensive chemicals occurs in plants, fungi,
and bacteria, as well as invertebrate and vertebrate animals.

Mimicry occurs when one animal displays physical or behavioral traits that copy those of a different
species or their surroundings and incur a survival advantage on account of it. Do you know that there are
two types of mimicry? Batesian mimicry is the first type of mimicry wherein a non-poisonous species
mimics the appearance of a poisonous one. Müllerian mimicry, however,  is a natural phenomenon in
which two or more unprofitable (often, distasteful) species, that may or may not be closely related and
share one or more common predators, have come to mimic each other's honest warning signals, to
their mutual benefit, since predators can learn to avoid all of them with fewer experiences.

The purpose of our lesson for today is for you to determine and differentiate the different defense
mechanisms exhibited by different organisms and for you to be able to appreciate them.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, PART 1 (3 mins)

Instruction: Answer the BEFORE column ONLY. Do not answer the AFTER column yet. You will answer it
on your Activity 4 later.

Now, let me know what’s on your mind.

Place a Tick ( √ ) in the box if you agree or disagree to the following statements.
 BEFORE AFTER
Disagree Disagree
Agree I can identify the different types of interactions of organisms in the Agree
Disagree ecosystem. Disagree
Agree I can identify the different mechanisms in predator and prey Agree
Disagree interaction. Disagree
Agree I know that there are three ways for the prey to avoid predator. Agree
Disagree Disagree
Agree I can differentiate toxic chemicals, mimicry and camouflage Agree
Disagree defense mechanisms of prey. Disagree
Agree I know that the interactions between prey and predators involve Agree
Disagree continuous evolutionary change. Disagree

B.MAIN LESSON

Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Predator- Prey Interactions

The Interactions between predators and prey involve continues evolutionary change; as predators evolve more
efficient ways of capturing prey, the prey evolves ways of avoiding predators. There are three ways for the prey
to avoid predators, these are:

First Way – Warning coloration, Mimicry and Cryptic coloration

1. Warning coloration- is conspicuous markings of animals that make it easily recognizable and warn
would be predators that are poisonous, foul testing or dangerous species. Bright coloration in insects
and other animals such as yellow, orange, or red can act as signal warning other animals that they are
poisonous or distasteful. It is otherwise known as “ APOSEMATIC”- or bad experience.

2. Mimicry is a dangerous resemblance of one species to another, often unrelated species or to a feature
of its own environment.
3. Cryptic coloration – is that an organism matches its background, hiding camouflaging it from predators
or prey.

Second Way- Chemical defense

These chemical defenses serve to repel or inhibit potential predators. This is commonly employed by
arthropods, amphibians, and snakes. This defense is also used extensively by various types of plants.

Third Way - Predator Satiation

Predator Satiation is timing reproduction so that an offspring is produced in a short period of time, thus
satiating predators and allowing a greater percentage of young to survive. Examples are organisms that
use strategy include wildebeest, cicadas, caribou, and lots of plants.
The Hunting ability of Predators
As the prey evolved better ways avoiding predators, predators necessarily evolved better ways of
hunting and capturing prey. These interactions between predators and prey have produced some
complex adaptations. For example:
1. The social hunting behavior of lions and wolves
2. The fangs of some snakes
3. Spider and their webs
4. The speed of many predators such as cheetahs and peregrine Falcons
Note: Not all relationships among organisms in an ecosystem involve eating or being eaten

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Now, let me know what’s on your mind.

A. Instruction: Differentiate Batesian mimicry from Mullerian mimicry. Write your answer in the box provided.
Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your
paper.

Batesian Mimicry Mullerian Mimicry

Great job!

B. Instruction: Draw one example for each defense mechanism of animals. I provided boxes on the next
page for you to draw. You can use pencils or colored pens. You can explain the meaning of your work if you
cannot define it well in your drawings.

Mimicry

Toxic chemicals

Camouflage
Instruction: Multiple Choice: Write your answer on the space provided before the number. Check your
answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your paper.

______ 1. Aposematic means _________.

A. good experience C. incomparable experience
B. inspiring experience D. bad experience

______ 2. The following are the first ways to avoid predation, EXCEPT _________.
A. chemical defense C. warning coloration
B. mimicry D. cryptic coloration

______ 3. It refers to a type of coloration or pattern that helps an animal blend in with its
surroundings.
A. mimicry C. chemical defense
B. camouflage D. discoloration

______ 4. The following organisms are using predator satiation as a defense mechanism, EXCEPT one.
A. Caribou B. Cicadas C. Wildebeest D. Butterfly

______ 5. This mimicry takes place when a non-poisonous species mimics the appearance of a
poisonous one.
A. Batesian B. Mullerian C. Chemical D. Camouflage

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

A. Work Tracker

WOW! You are almost done with this session!

Let’s track your progress. Please shade the session number you just
completed.

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 P1 Exam 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P2 Exam 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 P3 Exam

Well done!

B. Think about your Learning

Can we talk? Please tell me something about today’s lesson. Write your answer on the opposite box.

1. Tell me at least 3 things you’ve

learned from today’s lesson.

2. What are those 2 things in the

lesson you found interesting?
 3. Ask me 1 thing that made you
curious about the lesson but we
were not able to discuss.

FAQs
1. What is the difference between camouflage and mimicry?
Camouflage refers to a way of hiding or disguising something such as color or shape for protection from
predators while mimicry is an act of resembling or copying the color or shape of another organism as a
protection from predation.
2. How do the different defense mechanisms of organisms work?
The different defense mechanisms of organisms vary from one organism to another. It worked for their own
protection against their predator for their continued survival.

Ecological Insight:

“Everything is connected to everything else.”

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Activity 3 Skill-building Activities

A.
Batesian Mimicry Mullerian Mimicry
Batesian mimicry is when a non-poisonous Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or
species mimics the appearance of a poisonous more unprofitable (often, distasteful) species, that may or may
one. not be closely related and share one or more
common predators, have come to mimic each
other's honest warning signals, to their mutual benefit, since
predators can learn to avoid all of them with fewer
experiences

B. Drawings may vary

Activity 5: Check for Understanding

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A