Transport &

Development

Tutorial – 1, 13 April 2006

Transport & Economic Development

“Ship Follow the Trade or Trade Follow the Ship”

Karena itu, isu utama pembangunan transportasi dalam pembangunan

ekonomi adalah:
- Melayani Petumbuhan Ekonomi
- Memicu Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Atau:
- Melayani Demand
- Menciptakan Demand (dengan Supply)

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 Transport & Economic Development
Dari sisi Economic Opportunity:

- Response to Economic Opportunity

- Creation of Economic Opportunity

Dalam pengembangan Economic Opportunity, terdapat dimensi utama

(Wilson, G. W., 1966):
- Functions of natural resources
- The rate and service changes in the transport sectors

+ Attitude (human resource)

Stakeholder
- User (Individual Transport) - Public

- Operator

- Regulator (General Transport) - Government

- Environment

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 Social Dilemma
Setiap entitas ingin memaksimalkan keuntungan/manfaat (atau
meminimalkan kerugian/biaya).

Akan menimbulkan friksi diantara entitas tersebut

Di lain sisi, belum tentu keuntungan/manfaat yang maksimal untuk

entitas memberukan keuntungan/manfaat yang maksimal untuk sistem
secara keseluruhan.

Issues on Transport Investement

di Indonesia:
- High Investment Cost
- Limited Budget
- Decission Making Parameter: Economic (?), Non-economic (?)
- Ketidakmerataan tingkat pembangunan
- Private Sector Partisipation (PSP)

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 Effect of Investment

Influence on Directly Productive

Attitude Activity

Road Water Rail Air Pipeline

Education, Steel Mill,

Communication
Health Cement Plant
Transport

Lorenz Curve
Biasanya digunakan untuk menggambarkan distribusi pendapatan.

Ideal (perfect equality)= everyone

Cumulative share receiving the same income
of total income
Extreme (almost absolut inequality) =
only a number of person have income

Lorenz Coefficient/Gini Index:

Ratio of area between the perfect
equality and the lorenz curve and the
entire triangle

- Perfect equality : Gini Index ≈ 0

- Absolut inequality: Gini Index ≈ 1

Cumulative proportion of people

(ranked from the poorest up)

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 Transport & Urban Development

Ribbon City Development

CBD CBD CBD

Concentric City Development Axial City Development

LOWRY MODEL

(-λ × d )
∑ A i = A i + LPR ij × 10 ij

{
j

∑ Ai = Ai
−1
i
(-λ × d )
∑ Tij = Tij + A i × ∆ service employement i × LPR ij × 10 ij

Populasi = α ∑ Tij
j

(- µ × dij )
 Surface  ∑ B j = B j + LPSij × 10
d ij =  ×2
3,14 
ij
 (-µ × dij )
∑ Sij = B j × Basic Employment × LPSij × 10
ij

{
1 1
WTTR ij = λ
WTTS ij = µ ∑ ∆ service employmenti = ∆ service employmenti + Sij × β
d ij dij ∑
j
∆ service employment i = ∆ service employment i - service employment i
i
service employment i = service employment i + ∆ service employment i

(-λ × d )

{
∑ A i = Ai + LPR ij × 10 ij

WTTR ij WTTS ij j
LPR ij = LPSij = ∑ Ai = A i
−1

∑WTTRij ∑ WTTS ij i (-λ × d )

j j
∑ Tij = Tij + A i × ∆ service employement i × LPR ij × 10 ij

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 SYSTEM DYNAMIC: CAUSAL LINK DIAGRAM FOR TRANSPORT AND THE ECONOMY

Transport Transport
investment + infrastructures
Workforce
+ elsewhere
-
Jobs in other Travel times
location - +
+
-
Accessible -
+ Transport Accessible
jobs activity + Access to markets
wokforce
+ and supply chain
+ +
+
Skilled
Attractiveness
workforce + +
as place to live +
Net inward + Attractiveness as +
+ migration business location

Businesses
in area - Availability
Housing - + of units
+ availability + Net business
startups +

+ - Business
- + + unit
Land available Business unit
Housing + Housing + For development + Construction
stock construction &
- rate
enhancement rate -

Land-use
policy

Source :The Economic Impact Of Transport Projects by Portland_Chapman, 2000

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