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Quiz Krashen

Krashen's hypotheses provide guidance for effective second language teaching. The input hypothesis suggests that teachers provide comprehensible input at students' current level plus one to facilitate language acquisition. The affective filter hypothesis notes that low anxiety and high motivation help students acquire language. The natural order hypothesis advises teaching language structures in the order they are typically acquired. The acquisition-learning distinction separates subconscious acquisition from conscious learning, and the monitor hypothesis explains how learning monitors acquisition. Teachers should aim to create an environment that promotes acquisition over learning through comprehensible input and low affective filters.

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RICHARD GUANZON
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402 views3 pages

Quiz Krashen

Krashen's hypotheses provide guidance for effective second language teaching. The input hypothesis suggests that teachers provide comprehensible input at students' current level plus one to facilitate language acquisition. The affective filter hypothesis notes that low anxiety and high motivation help students acquire language. The natural order hypothesis advises teaching language structures in the order they are typically acquired. The acquisition-learning distinction separates subconscious acquisition from conscious learning, and the monitor hypothesis explains how learning monitors acquisition. Teachers should aim to create an environment that promotes acquisition over learning through comprehensible input and low affective filters.

Uploaded by

RICHARD GUANZON
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Explanation of Hypothesis Application for Teaching

The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis According to this theory, the optimal way a language is learned is
According to Krashen, there are two ways of developing language through natural communication.  As a second language teacher, the
ability.  Acquisition involves the subconscious acceptance of ideal is to create a situation wherein language is used in order to
knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use of fulfill authentic purposes.  This is turn, will help students to ‘acquire’
communication; this is the process used for developing native the language instead of just ‘learning’ it.
languages.  Learning, on the other hand, is the conscious acceptance of
knowledge ‘about’ a language (i.e. the grammar or form). Krashen
states that this is often the product of formal language instruction. 
The Monitor hypothesis As an SL teacher it will always be a challenge to strike a balance
This hypothesis further explains how acquisition and learning are used; between encouraging accuracy and fluency in your students. This
the acquisition system, initiates an utterance and the learning system balance will depend on numerous variables including the language
‘monitors’ the utterance to inspect and correct errors.  Krashen states level of the students, the context of language use and the personal
that monitoring can make some contribution to the accuracy of an goals of each student.  This balance is also known as Communicative
utterance but its use should be limited.  He suggests that the ‘monitor’ competency. 
can sometimes act as a barrier as it forces the learner to slow down and
focus more on accuracy as opposed to fluency.
The Natural Order hypothesis According to this hypothesis, teachers should be aware that certain
According to Krashen, learners acquire parts of language in a structures of a language are easier to acquire than others and therefore
predictable order.  For any given language, certain grammatical language structures should be taught in an order that is conducive to
structures are acquired early while others are acquired later in the learning. Teachers should start by introducing language concepts that
process.  This hypothesis suggests that this natural order of acquisition are relatively easy for learners to acquire and then use scaffolding to
occurs independently of deliberate teaching and therefore teachers introduce more difficult concepts.
cannot change the order of a grammatical teaching sequence.
The Input hypothesis This hypothesis highlights the importance of using the Target
This hypothesis suggests that language acquisition occurs when Language in the classroom.  The goal of any language program is for
learners receive messages that they can understand, a concept also learners to be able to communicate effectively.  By providing as much
known as comprehensible input.  However, Krashen also suggests that comprehensible input as possible, especially in situations when
this comprehensible input should be one step beyond the learner’s learners are not exposed to the TL outside of the classroom, the
current language ability, represented as i + 1, in order to allow learners teacher is able to create a more effective opportunity for language
to continue to progress with their language development. acquisition.
The Affective Filter hypothesis In any aspect of education it is always important to create a safe,
According to Krashen one obstacle that manifests itself during welcoming environment in which students can learn. In language
language acquisition is the affective filter; that is a 'screen' that is education this may be especially important since in order to take in
influenced by emotional variables that can prevent learning.  This and produce language, learners need to feel that they are able to make
hypothetical filter does not impact acquisition directly but rather mistakes and take risks.  This relates to directly to Krashen’s
prevents input from reaching the language acquisition part of the brain.  hypothesis of the affective filter.  To learn more about creating a
According to Krashen the affective filter can be prompted by many positive classroom environment, click here.
different variables including anxiety, self-confidence, motivation and
stress. 
The Reading Hypothesis It is important to involve reading in the language classroom to
This hypothesis basically states that the more we read in a SL the increase knowledge of the language and the way it is used in real-life
greater our vocabulary will be. contexts.

 
How do Krashen's Hypotheses apply to the SL/FL
classroom?
What do Krashen's Hypotheses look like in the classroom
m?

Look at the cartoon and decide which of Krashen's Hypotheses apply to this student. Explain yo
answers.
1. Natural Order hypothesis
2. Acquisition-learning
3. Affective filter hypothesis
4. Monitor hypothesi
5. Input hypothesis

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