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Module 3 Handout

This module teaches the principles of biological classification and taxonomy. It aims to enhance students' understanding of how taxonomy reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms and how scientists classify organisms into groups. The module covers topics like the tree of life, systematics, cladistics, phylogeny, scientific naming, and identifying morphological characters. It also provides exercises for students to practice constructing cladograms and interpreting scientific names.

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Jericho Rillo
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59 views60 pages

Module 3 Handout

This module teaches the principles of biological classification and taxonomy. It aims to enhance students' understanding of how taxonomy reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms and how scientists classify organisms into groups. The module covers topics like the tree of life, systematics, cladistics, phylogeny, scientific naming, and identifying morphological characters. It also provides exercises for students to practice constructing cladograms and interpreting scientific names.

Uploaded by

Jericho Rillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEMATICS BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY

RELATIONSHIPS
COURSE/SUBJECT : General Biology 2
MODULE NO :3
TOPIC : Basic Taxonomic Concepts and Principles, Description,
Nomenclature, Identification, and Classification
WRITER : Diana Mae U. Ponce, LPT

HANDOUT/REVIEW MATERIAL

To efficiently study the countless organisms that occupy our biosphere, we can attempt to
classify and describe different organisms into groups that will eventually reflect evolutionary
relationships. This module will teach you the principles of classification and proper naming of
the existing organisms as well as those currently named and/or discovered ones.

This module is designed to enhance your understanding of the basic principles and concepts
of systematics and how such discipline is aimed at answering evolutionary questions.
Furthermore, this module aims to help to develop your skills in using scientific reasoning and
your keen observation, particularly in defining and describing specific morphological
characters and interpreting as well as making phylogenetic trees inferred from sequence data
and cladistic analysis.

MODULE 3 WEEKS 9-11 Basic Taxonomic Concepts and


Principles, Description, Nomenclature, Identification, and
Classification Page 1
SUBTOPIC 1: TREE OF LIFE AND
SYSTEMATICS
SUBTOPIC 3: CLADISTICS AND PHYLOGENY

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Classification
Challenge yourself:
Try answering Module 3 Sed Contra

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Constructing a Cladogram: Method 1

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Constructing a Cladogram: Method 2

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Additional Information

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SUBTOPIC 2: TAXONOMY

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Practice Exercise: Scientific Names

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In a dichotomous key, more pieces of information about the
specific features of an organism are revealed with each
sequential division. Furthermore, the organism is already
identified when it no longer shares its characteristics with any
other organism.

Consider the following pointer in creating a dichotomous key:


• You should use features that are immutable (i.e. does not
change)
• As much as possible, do not use size, color, and behavior
patterns because these may also occur in an organisms from
another family or set.
• Physical structures and biological processes are best to use in
making a dichotomous key

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