COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ▪ HEALTH IS A BASIC HUMAN RIGHT FOR EVERY

FILIPINO.
Community Health Nursing ▪ LONGEVITY – average lifespan.
▪ Community health nursing (CHN), also called public ▪ The lifespan increases among Filipinos according to
health nursing or community nursing, combines the DOH and varies per year.
primary healthcare and nursing practice in a ▪ There is an increase every year which is closely
community setting. related to the different DOH health programs.
▪ Community health (CH) Nurses provide health ▪ Life expectancy in the country in 2010-2015 was
services, preventive care, intervention and health 68.6 years.
education to communities or populations. ▪ Life expectancy at birth male/female in 2016-
66/73.
Community Health Nurse ▪ The life expectancy for the Philippines in 2017 was
▪ Unlike a nurse who works with patients one-on-one 70.87 years.
in other clinical settings, community health nurses ▪ The life expectancy for the Philippines in 2018 was
focus on communities. 71.03 years, a 0.23% increase from 2017.
▪ CH nurses can have various roles in a community ▪ The life expectancy for Philippines in 2019 was
setting such as: 71.16 years, a 0.18% increase from 2018.
● Health education.
● Community advocacy. DEFINITION AND FOCUS
● Ensuring a safe and healthy environment. COMMUNITY
● Abuse and neglect prevention. ▪ It is a group of people with common characteristics
● Policy reform or interests living together within a territory or
● Community development geographical boundary.
▪ What they do depends on the communities they ▪ It is a place where people under usual conditions
serve; lower income, school, and culturally diverse are found.
communities all have different needs. ▪ It is derived from a latin word "comunicas" which
means a group of people.
Global, National and Local Health Situation
▪ The country is facing a health crisis at present due 3 ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNITY
to COVID19 pandemic. Where large number of the 1. Geographic Entity
population is affected. 2. Social Entity
▪ The Philippines has presently recorded new 3. Psycho-cultural Entity
increased cases and a daily additional COVID-19
cases still reported. Two specific types of a community
▪ The Department of Health and the Local ▪ Urban areas – can refer to towns, cities, and
Government Units are working together to find suburbs. An urban area includes the city itself, as
ways of controlling the spread of the disease. well as the surrounding areas.
▪ With their joint efforts national and local health ▪ Rural areas – are the opposite of urban areas. Rural
facilities are involved in the management of cases. areas have low population density and large
There is a problem in the scarcity of health workers amounts of undeveloped land (Barios).
(Doctors, Nurses, Medical Technologists).
▪ Several private hospitals across Metro Manila HEALTH
earlier said beds allocated for COVID-19 cases had ▪ According to WHO Health is defined as a state of
reached full capacity following the easing of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
quarantine restrictions in a bid to revive the not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
economy. ▪ The state of being free from illness or injury.
▪ According to the DOH the current population of the ▪ The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of
country is estimated about 109,653,229 where the health is one of the fundamental rights of every
Philippines ranked 13th in the highest population human being without distinction of race, religion,
rate. political belief, economic or social condition.
▪ The Philippine population is considered young and ▪ The health of all peoples is fundamental to the
for global population Increase is 1.05 % per year. attainment of peace and security and is dependent
▪ According to the DOH top leading causes of on the fullest cooperation of individuals and States.
MORBIDITY in the Philippines includes all forms ▪ The achievement of any state in the promotion and
respiratory diseases, hypertension, kidney and protection of health is of value to all.
urinary tract problems, all forms of diarrheal
diseases, and diabetes mellitus. COMMUNITY HEALTH
▪ For MORTALITY, it includes cardiovascular diseases, ▪ Community health refers to the health status of the
pneumonias, malignant neoplasms/cancers, all members of the community, to the problems
forms of tuberculosis, accidents, COPD and allied affecting their health and to the totality of the
conditions, diabetes mellitus, nephritis/nephritic health care provided for the community.
syndrome and other diseases of respiratory system. ▪ Community health is a branch of public health
▪ Morbidity – refers to the cases of illness in a given which focuses on people and their role as
population in a specified period of time. determinants of their own and other people's
▪ Mortality – refers to the cases of deaths in a given health.
population in a specified period of time.
Aims of CHN
Health and Longevity as Birthrights ▪ To promote health and efficiency.
▪ To prevent and control of diseases and disabilities.
 ▪ To prolong life through need-based health care. families to cope with the discontinuities in and
threats to health in such a way as to maximize their
OTTAWA CHARTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION potential for high-level wellness.
▪ The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is the ▪ The definition of CHN by the WHO Committee on
name of an international agreement signed at the expert in nursing is a special field of nursing that
First International Conference on Health Promotion, combines the skills of nursing, public health and
organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) some phases of social assistance and functions as
and held in Ottawa, Canada, in November 1986. part of the total public health program for the
▪ It launched a series of actions ng international promotion of health, the improvement of the
organizations, national governments and local conditions in the social and physical environment,
communities to achieve the goal of "Health for All" rehabilitation of illness and disability.
by the year 2000 and beyond through better health ▪ From Jacobson point of view CHN is learned
promotion. practice discipline with the ultimate goal of
Five action areas for health promotion were identified contributing as individuals and in collaboration with
in the charter: others to the promotion of the client's optimum
1. Building healthy public policy. level of functioning through teaching and delivery of
2. Creating supportive environments. care (Jacobson).
3. Strengthening community action. ▪ DR. Ruth B. Freeman: A service rendered by a
4. Developing personal skills. professional nurse to IFCs, population groups in
5. Re-orienting health care services toward health centers, clinics, schools, workplace for the
prevention of illness and promotion of health. promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of
The basic strategies for health promotion prioritized the public health.
as:
▪ Advocate: Health is a resource for social and Mission of CHN
developmental means, thus the dimensions that ▪ Health Promotion
affect these factors must be changed to encourage ▪ Health Protection
health. ▪ Health Balance
▪ Enable: Health equity must be reached where ▪ Disease prevention
individuals must become empowered to control the ▪ Social Justice
determinants that affect their health, such that they
are able to reach the highest attainable quality of Philosophy of CHN
life. ▪ According to Dr. M. Shetland the philosophy of CHN
▪ Mediation: Health promotion cannot be achieved is based on the worth and dignity of man.
by the health sector alone; rather its success will ▪ The community is the patient in CHN, the family is
depend on the collaboration of all sectors of the unit of care and there are four levels of
government (social, economic, etc.) as well as clientele: individual, family, population group
independent organizations (media, industry, etc.). (those who share common characteristics,
developmental stages and common exposure to
JAKARTA DECLARATION ON LEADING HEALTH health problems - e.g. children, elderly), and the
PROMOTION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY community.
● The Fourth International Conference on Health ▪ In CHN, the client is considered as an ACTIVE
Promotion: New Players for a New Era - Leading partner NOT PASSIVE recipient of care.
Health Promotion into the 21st Century, ▪ CHN practice is affected by developments in health
Jakarta, Indonesia, 2125 July, 1997. technology, in particular, changes in society, in
PRIORITIES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE 21ST general.
CENTURY ▪ The goal of CHN is achieved through multi-sectoral
▪ Promote social responsibility for health. efforts CHN is a part of health care system and the
▪ Increase investments for health development. larger human services system.
▪ Consolidate and expand partnerships for health.
▪ Increase community capacity and empower the Objectives of Public Health
individual Jakarta Declaration on Leading C.O.D.E.S
● Health Promotion into the 21st Century ▪ Control of Communicable Diseases
Investments for health should reflect the needs ▪ Organization of Medical and Nursing Services
of particular groups such as women, children, ▪ Development of Social Machineries
older people, and indigenous, poor and ▪ Education of IFC on personal Hygiene
marginalized populations. ▪ Health Education is the essential task of every
health worker
Definition of COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ▪ Sanitation of the environment
▪ It is a synthesis of nursing and public health practice
applied to promoting and preserving the health of 3 Elements in Health Education
the people. 1. Information: to share ideas to keep population
▪ According to Maglaya, CHN is the utilization of the group knowledgeable and aware.
nursing process in the different levels of clientele- 2. Education: change within the individual.
individuals, families, population groups and 3. Communication: interaction involving 2 or
communities, concerned with the promotion of more persons or agencies.
health, prevention of disease and disability and
rehabilitation. 12 Basic Principles of CHN
▪ The goal of CHN as stated by Nisce, is to raise the ▪ Community Health Nursing (CHN) is a vital part of
level of citizenry by helping communities and Public Health.
 ▪ The following are the 12 Principles of CHN: of community as these are utilized in studies and
1. The recognized need of individuals, families researches and as legal documents.
and communities provides the basis for CHN
practice. Its primary purpose is to further Roles of The Public Health Nurse
apply public health measures within the ▪ Clinician - who is a health care provider, taking care
framework of the total CHN effort. of the sick people at home or in the RHU.
2. Knowledge and understanding of the ▪ Health Educator - who aims towards health
objectives and policies of the agency facilities promotion and illness prevention through
goal achievement. dissemination of correct information; educating
3. CHN considers the family as the unit of people.
service. Its level of functioning is influenced ▪ Facilitator - who establishes multi-sectoral linkages
by the degree to which it can deal with its by referral system.
own problems and effective and available ▪ Supervisor - who monitors and supervises the
channel for the most of the CHN efforts. performance of midwives.
4. Respect for the values, customs and beliefs of ▪ Health Advocate - who speaks on behalf of the
the clients contribute to the effectiveness of client.
care to the client. CHN services must be ▪ Collaborator - who works with other health team
available sustainable and affordable to all members.
regardless of race, creed, color or socio- ● In the event that the Municipal Health Officer
economic status. (MHO) IS unable to perform his duties/functions
5. CHN integrated health education and or is not available, the Public Health Nurse will
counseling as vital parts of functions. These take charge of the MHO's responsibilities.
encourage and support community efforts in Other Specific Responsibilities of a Nurse, spelled by
the discussion of issues to improve the the implementing rules and Regulations of RA 9173
people's health. (Philippine Nursing Act of 2002) includes:
6. Collaborative work relationships with the co- ▪ Supervision and care of women during pregnancy,
workers and members of the health team labor and puerperium
facilities accomplishments of goals. Each ▪ Performance of internal examination and delivery of
member is helped to see how his/her work babies.
benefits the whole enterprise. ▪ Suturing lacerations in the absence of a physician.
7. Periodic and continuing evaluation provides ▪ Provision of first aid measures and emergency care.
the means for assessing the degree to which ▪ Recommending herbal and symptomatic medicines.
CHN goals and objectives are being attained.
Clients are involved in the appraisal of their Responsibilities of CHN
health program through consultations, ▪ Be a part in developing an overall health plan, its
observations and accurate recording. implementation and evaluation for communities.
8. Continuing staff education program quality ▪ Provide quality nursing services to the three levels
services to client and are essential to upgrade of clientele.
and maintain sound nursing practices in their ▪ Maintain coordination/linkages with other health
setting. Professional interest and needs of team members, NGO/government agencies in the
Community Health Nurses are considered in Provision of public health services.
planning staff development programs of the ▪ Conduct researches relevant to CHN services to
agency. improve provision of health care.
9. Utilization of indigenous and existing ▪ Provide opportunities for professional growth and
community resources maximizing the success continuing education for staff development.
of the efforts of the Community Health
Nurses. The use of local available ailments.
Linkages with existing community resources, EVOLUTION OF CHN WORLDWIDE AND IN THE
both public and private, increase the PHILIPPINES
awareness of what care they need what are ● INFLUENCES OF ANCIENT CULTURES ON PUBLIC
entitled. HEALTH
10. Active participation of the individual, family EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION (ca 3000 BC)
and community in planning and making ▪ Built irrigation canal and granaries for storage of
decisions for their health care needs, food
determine, to a large extent, the success of ▪ Practice of prophylaxis by the medicine man
the CHN programs. Organized community and high priest
groups are encouraged to participate in the ▪ Emphasis on personal hygiene, cleanliness
activities that will meet community needs and within & outside the body
interests. ▪ Sanitation measures (removal of refuse and
11. Supervision of nursing services by qualified by crude fumigation in times of epidemics)
CHN personnel provides guidance and HEBREWS (C.A. 1400 BC)
direction to the work to be done. Potentials of ▪ Founders of public hygiene and Moses was
employees for effective and efficient work are regarded as "Father of Sanitation"
developed. ▪ Mosaic Health Code pertained to every aspect
Accurate recording and reporting serve as the basis for of individual, family & community hygiene,
evaluation of the progress of planned programs and included:
activities and as a guide for the future actions. a. Principles of personal hygiene (rest, sleep,
Maintenance of accurate records is a vital responsibility hours of work, cleanliness)
b. Environmental sanitation
 1. Inspection of food Royal Infirmary which provided training for hospital
2. Methods of disposal of excreta nurses, private duty nurses, and the district nurses.
3. Detecting and reporting diseases
4. Practice of isolation, quarantine, STANDARDS IN CHN
fumigation, and disinfection. ▪ Theory
5. Detailed instructions on the ▪ Data Collection
correct way of handwashing. ▪ Diagnosis
GREEKS (CA. 600 BC) ▪ Planning
▪ Hippocrates - "Father of Medicine", exponent ▪ Intervention
of the science of preventive medicine and ▪ Evaluation
introduced the philosophy of the ▪ Quality Assurance and Professional
interrelationship between physical and mental Development
health ("A healthy mind dwells in a healthy ▪ Interdisciplinary Collaboration
body"). ▪ Research
ROMANS (CA. 50 BC)
● Contributed to the field of sanitation (building Legal basis of CHN Practice
of Aqueducts, purification of water supply). ▪ Code of Ethics for Nurses R.A. # 9173 (Nursing
● Appointing of public health medical officers and Law of 2002) Competency Standards of Nursing
establishment of hospitals which emphasized Practice in the Philippines
both preventive and curative aspects of care. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE ROLES and FUNCTIONS
Qualifications
● DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING AS A ▪ Bachelor of Science in Nursing
WORLD MOVEMENT ▪ Registered Nurse of the Philippines
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD (1 ST CENTURY) Planner/Programmer
▪ Order of Deaconesses – called visiting nurses, ▪ Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of
forerunner of CHN and endeavored to practice individuals, families, and communities.
the corporal works of mercy (feeding the ▪ Formulates municipal health plan in the
hungry, caring for the sick, burying the dead). absence of a medical doctor.
▪ Phoebe a friend of St Paul and the first ▪ Interprets and implements nursing plan,
Deaconess and visiting nurse. program policies, memoranda, and circular for
MIDDLE AGES (500-1500) the concerned staff personnel.
▪ Beguines of Flanders – worked as nursing sister ▪ Provides technical assistance to rural health
in the hospital, but also gave care to the sick in midwives in health matters.
their homes, staying with the dying and ▪ Provider of Nursing Care
consoling the families of the bereaved. ▪ Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled
RENAISSANCE (1500-1700) in the home, clinic, school, and workplace.
▪ St Vincent De Paul – introduced modern ▪ Develops the family's capability to take care of
principles of visiting nurse, social services, the sick, disabled, or dependent member
taught that indiscriminate giving was harmful, Community Organizer
emphasized the concept of helping people. ▪ Motivates and enhances community
▪ Maintained the family is the unit of the service participation in terms of planning, organizing,
and recognized the importance of supervision implementing, and evaluating health services.
of those who render service to the sick. ▪ Initiates and participates in community
EARLY 19 TH CENTURY development activities.
▪ Pastor Theodor Fliedner – a German Lutheran Coordinator of Services
pastor, went on tour to raise funds when the ▪ Coordinates with individuals, families, and
main industry of his community failed, came groups for health-related services provided by
back with money and ideas for a program social various members of the health team.
work. ▪ Coordinates nursing program with other health
▪ Fredericka Munster Fliedner – wife of the programs like environmental sanitation, health
pastor who organized women society for education, dental health, and mental health.
visiting nursing the sick poor in their homes Trainer/Health Educator
Couple recognized the need for preparing the ▪ Identifies and interprets training needs of the
training those who care for the sick, organized a RHMs and Barangay Health Workers (BHW).
hospital school of nursing in Germany ▪ Conducts training for RHMs and BHW on
(Kaiserswerth Institute for the training of promotion and disease prevention
Deaconesses). ▪ Conducts pre- and post-consultation
conferences for clinic clients; acts as a resource
Development of Modern PHN speaker on health and health related services.
Characterized by: ▪ Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema
▪ Clean-up measures in the control of plugs, and print ads) for health education
communicable disease. purposes.
▪ Removal of refuse Clean-up campaign of prison ▪ Conducts pre-marital counseling
and asylums. Health Monitor
▪ Improvement of working conditions of women ▪ Detects deviation from health of individuals,
and children. families, groups, and communities through
William Rathbone – Father of Modern District Nursing contacts/visits with them.
with the encouragement of Florence Nightingale, Role Model
organized a training school for nurses in the Liverpool
 ▪ Provides good example of healthful living to the more autonomy than hospital-based nurses.
members of the community Nursing ethics and professional core values play a
Change Agent substantial role in the decision-making process
▪ Motivates changes in health behavior in outside of the hospital setting.
individuals, families, groups, and communities THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
that also include lifestyle in order to promote Health care delivery system is defined as the aggregate
and maintain health. of institutions, organizations and persons who enter the
Recorder/Reporter/Statistician health care system, who has responsibility that include
▪ Prepares and submits required reports and the promotion of health, prevention of illness, detection
records. and treatment of disease and rehabilitation.
▪ Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete
recording and reporting. DEFINITION OF TERMS
▪ Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM (HCDS)
interprets all records and reports. - It is the totality of all policies, facilities,
▪ Prepares statistical data/chart and other data equipment, products, human resources and
presentation. services which address the health needs,
Researcher problems and concerns of the people. It is large,
▪ Participates in the conduct of survey studies complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary.
and researches on nursing and health-related HCDS is often used to describe the way in which
subjects Coordinates with government and non- health care is provided to the people.
government organization in the implementation - It is the network of health facilities and
of studies/research. personnel which carries out the task of
rendering health care to the people. (Williams-
NURSING CORE VALUES AS A COMMUNITY HEALTH Tungpalan, 1981)
NURSE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (HCS)
Mission - It is a complex set of organizations interacting
▪ The National League for Nursing promotes to provide an array of health services (Dizon,
excellence in nursing education to build a strong 1977).
and diverse nursing workforce to advance the - It is an organized plan of health services (Miller-
health of our nation and the global community. Keane, 1987)
CORE VALUES HEALTH CARE DELIVERY (HCD)
▪ CARING: promoting health, healing, and hope in - It is rendering health care services to the people
response to the human condition (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981).
- A culture of caring, as a fundamental
part of the nursing profession, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
characterizes our concern and The primary objectives of any health delivery system
consideration for the whole person, our are:
commitment to the common good, and - To enable all citizens to receive health care
our outreach to those who are services whenever needed.
vulnerable. - To deliver health services that are cost-effective
▪ INTEGRITY: respecting the dignity and moral and meet preestablished standards of quality.
wholeness of every person without conditions Three levels of health care & health care facility:
or limitation; ▪ Primary Level of care – Primary Level of Health
- A culture of integrity is evident when care Facility
organizational principles of open ▪ Secondary Level of care – Secondary Level of
communication, ethical decision- Health care Facility
making, and humility are encouraged, ▪ Tertiary Level of care – Tertiary Level of Health
expected, and demonstrated care facility
consistently.
▪ DIVERSITY: affirming the uniqueness of and PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE
differences among persons, ideas, values, and - This includes prevention of illness or promotion
ethnicities. of health. It is the initial entry point for clients
- A culture of inclusive excellence of the health care delivery system which is
encompasses many identities, directed towards the promotion and
influenced by the intersections of race, maintenance of health, the prevention of
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disease, the management of common specific
socio-economic status, age, physical illnesses and usually ambulatory or outpatient
abilities, religious and political beliefs, settings. Services are offered by the Primary
or other ideologies. level of Health Care Facility.
▪ EXCELLENCE: co-creating and implementing ▪ RHU/MHO
transformative strategies with daring ingenuity. ▪ Private Clinics
- A culture of excellence reflects a ▪ Birthing/Lying in Centers
commitment to continuous growth,
improvement, and understanding. It is a SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE
culture where transformation is - It centers on early diagnosis and treatment of
embraced, and the status quo and diseases. This includes provision of specialized
mediocrity are not tolerated. medical services by physician or a hospital on a
● Community Health Nurses face daily challenges not referral by the primary care provider. Services
experienced in a hospital setting, and experience
 are offered by Secondary Level of Health Care ▪ GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
facility. ▪ GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
▪ Community hospitals ▪ GOAL 4: Quality Education
▪ District and emergency hospitals ▪ GOAL 5: Gender Equality
▪ GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE ▪ GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
- Rehabilitation is restoring health and aimed at ▪ GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
lessening the pain and discomfort of illness and ▪ GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
helping clients live with disease and disability. It ▪ GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
also includes care of chronic ailment that ▪ GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
requires long term care and prevention of ▪ GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and
complications. Services are offered by Tertiary Production
Level of Health Care facility. ▪ GOAL 13: Climate Action
▪ Provincial Hospitals ▪ GOAL 14: Life Below Water
▪ Specialized hospitals ▪ GOAL 15: Life on Land
▪ GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE ▪ GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
SERVICES
▪ Socio-economic factor THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
▪ Technological advancement It is a complex set of organizations between the public
▪ Access to health care facility and the private sector to provide health services.
▪ High cost of hospitalization
▪ Health consumers
▪ Unequal distribution of health services and
health personnel
▪ Demographic changes

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

- The World Health Organization is a specialized
agency of the United Nations responsible for
international public health. The WHO
Constitution, which establishes the agency's
governing structure and principles, states its
main objective as "the attainment by all peoples
of the highest possible level of health.
- The WHO was established by constitution on 7
April 1948, which is commemorated as World
Health Day. Department of Health (DOH)
- The WHO's broad mandate includes advocating - The Department of Health (DOH; Kagawaran ng
for universal healthcare, monitoring public Kalusugan) is the executive department of the
health risks, coordinating responses to health Government of the Philippines responsible for
emergencies, and promoting human health and ensuring access to basic public health services
well-being. by all Filipinos through the provision of quality
- It provides technical assistance to countries, health care and the regulation of all health
sets international health standards and services and products. It is the government's
guidelines, and collects data on global health overall technical authority on health.
issues through the World Health Survey. THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH MANDATE:
- Its flagship publication, the World Health The Department of Health shall be responsible for the
Report, provides expert assessments of global following:
health topics and health statistics on all nations. ▪ Formulation and development of national
- The WHO also serves as a forum for summits health policies, guidelines, standards and
and discussions on health issues. manual of operations for health services and
programs;
The WHO Eight Millennium Development Goals: ▪ Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and
▪ To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; accreditations; promulgation of national health
▪ To achieve universal primary education; standards, goals, priorities and indicators;
▪ To promote gender equality and empower ▪ Development of special health programs and
women; projects and advocacy for legislation on health
▪ To reduce child mortality; policies and programs.
▪ To improve maternal health; ● The primary function of the Department of Health
▪ To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other is the promotion, protection, preservation or
diseases; restoration of the health of the people through the
▪ To ensure environmental sustainability, and provision and delivery of health services and
▪ To develop a global partnership for through the regulation and encouragement of
development providers of health goods and services (E.O. No.
119, Sec. 3).
The WHO 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to
transform our world: DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH)
▪ GOAL 1: No Poverty VISION by 2030
 - A global leader for attaining better health sanitary inspectors assigned to RHU's and
outcomes, competitive and responsive health 1st 81 rural health units were defined.
care system and equitable health financing. ▪ 1972- RA 5435
MISSION - Defined authorities of regional directors
- To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality for more meaningful decentralization and
health for every Filipinos leading to the quest 13 regional health offices were created.
for excellence in health amongf the Filipino ▪ 1974
people. - RHCDS was implemented, RHM were sent
- Health as a right. Health for All Filipinos. to BHS to man BHS and Midwives were
- The mission of the DOH, in partnership with the trained and roles expanded.
people to ensure equity, quality and access to ▪ 1982- EO 851
health care: - Integrated public health and hospital
▪ By making services available systems with emphasis on importance of
▪ By arousing community awareness putting together promotive, preventive,
▪ By mobilizing resources curative and rehabilitative components of
▪ By promoting the means to better health care and utilization of BHW.
health - Implementation of DOH impact programs,
GOAL Role of Society in RHCDS and participation
- To enable the Filipino population to achieve a in information drive of HCDS.
level of health which will allow Filipino to lead a PHILIPPINE HEALTH AGENDA 2016 - 2022.
socially and economically productive life, with ▪ With the Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022,
longer life expectancy, low infant mortality, low we will all ACHIEVE a health system with the
maternal mortality and less disability through values of Equity, Quality, Efficiency,
measures that will guarantee access of Transparency, Accountability, Sustainability,
everyone to essential health care Resilience towards "Lahat Para sa kalusugan!
OBJECTIVES Tungo sa kalusugan Para sa Lahat”.
▪ To promote equity in health status among all
segments of society. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
▪ To address specific health problems of the - Primary Health Care (PHC) is an essential health
population. care made universally acceptable to individuals
▪ To upgrade the status and transform the HCDS and families in the community by means
into a responsive, dynamic and highly efficient, acceptable to them through their full
and effective one in the provision of solutions to participation and at a cost that the community
changing the health needs of the population. and country can afford at every stage of
▪ To promote active and sustained people's development. Primary Health Care (PHC)
participation in health care. characterized by partnership and
empowerment of people shall permeate as core
DOH Roles and Functions (EO 102) strategy in effective provision of essential
▪ Leadership in Health health services.
▪ Enable and Capacity Builder - Letter of Instruction (LOI) 849: signed on Oct.
▪ Administrator of Specific Services 19, 1979 by then Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos
provides legal basis in the official adoption of
The DOH is composed of: PHC in the Philippines.
▪ 17 central offices
▪ 16 Centers Health Development The following are the eight (8) essential elements of
▪ 70 hospitals primary health care:
▪ 4 attached agencies 1. Education for Health
- This is one of the potent methodologies for
REFERRAL SYSTEM IN LEVELS OF THE HEALTH CARE: information dissemination. It promotes the
(Philippine Ratio) partnership of both the family members and
▪ Barangay Health Station (BHS) is under the health workers in the promotion of health as
management of Rural Health Midwife (RHM) well as prevention of illness.
▪ Rural Health Midwife 1:500 catchment 2. Locally Endemic Disease Control
population - The control of endemic disease focuses on the
▪ Rural Health Unit (RHU) is under the prevention of its occurrence to reduce
management or supervision of PHN morbidity rate. Example Malaria control and
▪ Public Health Nurse (PHN) caters to 1:10,000 Schistosomiasis control.
catchment population, acts as managers in the 3.Expanded Program on Immunization
implementation of the policies and activities of - This program exists to control the occurrence of
RHU, directly under the supervision of MHO preventable illnesses especially of children
(who acts as administrator) below 6 years old. Immunizations on
▪ Municipal Health Officer (MHO/Physician) poliomyelitis, measles, tetanus, diphtheria and
1:20,000 catchment population other preventable disease are given for free by
the government and ongoing program of the
FEATURES OF DOH REORGANIZATION DOH
▪ 1958- RA 1082 4. Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning
- 1st Rural Health Act which increases the - The mother and child are the most delicate
number in the employment of more members of the community. So, the protection
physicians, dentists, nurses, midwives and of the mother and child to illness and other risks
 would ensure good health for the community. ▪ Isolation of health care activities from other
The goal of Family Planning includes spacing of development activities.
children and responsible parenthood. Objectives
5. Environmental Sanitation and Promotion of Safe ▪ Improvement in the level of health care of the
Water Supply community.
- Environmental Sanitation is defined as the study ▪ Favorable population growth structure.
of all factors in the man's environment, which ▪ Reduction in the prevalence of preventable,
exercise or may exercise deleterious effect on communicable and other disease.
his well-being and survival. ▪ Reduction in morbidity and mortality rates
Water is a basic need for life and one factor in especially among infants and children.
man's environment. Water is necessary for the ▪ Extension of essential health services with
maintenance of healthy lifestyle. Safe Water priority given to the underserved sectors.
and Sanitation is necessary for basic promotion ▪ Improvement in basic sanitation.
of health ▪ Development of the capability of the
6. Nutrition and Promotion of Adequate Food Supply community aimed at self-reliance.
- One basic need of the family is food. And if food ▪ Maximizing the contribution of the other
is properly prepared then one may be assured sectors for the social and economic
healthy family. There are many food resources development of the.
found in the communities but because of faulty LEVELS OF PREVENTION
preparation and lack of knowledge regarding ▪ Primary Prevention
proper food planning. Malnutrition is one of the - Health Promotion Practices and Specific
problems that we have in the country. Protection from specific Illnesses
7. Treatment of Communicable Diseases and Common ▪ Secondary Prevention
Illness - Practices on Early Diagnosis and Treatment of
- The diseases spread through direct contact pose Diseases
a great risk to those who can be infected. ▪ Tertiary Prevention
Tuberculosis is one of the communicable - Rehabilitation, Restoration and Maintenance of
diseases continuously occupies the top ten health and prevention of complications and
causes of death. disability limitation
- Most communicable diseases are also
preventable. The Government focuses on the FOUR PILLARS OF PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
prevention, control and treatment of these 1. Active Community Participation.
illnesses 2. Intra and Inter-sectoral linkages.
8. Supply of Essential Drugs 3. Use of appropriate technology.
- This focuses on the information campaign on 4. Support mechanism made available.
the utilization and acquisition of drugs. In
response to this campaign, the GENERIC ACT of
the Philippines is enacted.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Goal:
- Health for all Filipinos and Health in the hands
of the people by the year 2020.
- The ultimate goal of primary health care is
better health for all. WHO has identified the
following key elements to achieving that goal:
▪ Reducing exclusion and social disparities
in health (universal coverage reforms);
▪ Organizing health services around
people's needs and expectations (service
delivery reforms);
▪ Integrating health into all sectors (public
policy reforms);
▪ Pursuing collaborative models of policy
dialogue (leadership reforms); and
▪ Increasing stakeholder participation
Mission
- To strengthen the health care system by
increasing opportunities and supporting
conditions wherein people will manage their
own health care.

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Adopting primary health care has the following
rationales:
▪ Magnitude of Health Problems.
▪ Inadequate and unequal distribution of health
resources.
▪ Increasing cost of medical care.