HANDBOOK

IN
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

_____________________________________________
Student’s Name

Compilers

JHAY-R BACALANMO, MAEd

WEEKS 5- 8 FOLKTALES

THE BOY CALLED JUAN PUSONG

(Visayan)

Once there was a boy whose name was Juan Pusong. He was very mischievous.

One day he went to the fields to see the cows of the King. He though of playing a prank
on the King. He cut the tails of several cows and drove the cows away. Then he stuck the tails in
the mud holes, with half of each tail sticking out of the mud.

Then he went to the King’s palace and told him that many of his cows had jumped into
the mud holes and drowned. The King was very sad. He went to the fields to see his cows.
When he saw the tails sticking out of the mud, he became even sadder.

But when he asked the people nearby, he learned of Juan Pusong’s mischief. The King
became angry. He ordered his men to put Juan Pusong in a cage. The following day, the cage
was to be thrown into the sea so that he would drown.

Early in the morning, Juan Pusong cried and cried. A man came along and asked, “Why
do you cry, Juan? Why are you in that cage?” Juan Pusong answered, “I am crying because the
King is forcing me to marry his beautiful daughter but I don’t want to.”

The man thought that to marry the King’s daughter would make him a very luck fellow.
So the man suggested that they change places. The man put on Juan’s clothes and placed
himself in the cage. Juan put on the man’s clothes and went home.

The following day, the King’s men came and carried the cage with the man in it and
threw it into the sea. The next day, Juan Pusong passed by the King’s palace. The King was
surprised to see him. He thought that Juan Pusong had drowned the day before.

The King was about to put Juan Pusong in a prison again. But Juan told him that he had
returned from the bottom of the sea. There he had seen the King’s dead parents and relatives.
They were all very happy and they wanted the King to come for a visit and see their beautiful
houses.

The King marveled at Juan’s story. He wished to see his parents and relatives in their
beautiful houses. So he had himself put in a cage and ordered his men to throw the cage into
the sea. And thus the silly King was drowned and clever Juan Pusong became the King in his
place.
 MISADVENTURES OF JUAN TAMAD
(Tagalog)

One Sunday, Juan Tanga went to church. In the pulpit, the priest told the people to put
a little cross on the street doors. When Juan went home, he took a piece of tingting and made a
little cross about two inches high. When the priest made his rounds, he did not see the cross for
it was so small. He asked Juan where his cross was Juan pointed it out to him and the priest told
him to make a large one so that the evil spirits would not be able to see it.

Juan took his bolo and cut two pieces of bamboo. This time his cross was so large that
the priest could not see it either. The priest became angry at Juan’s stupidity that he expelled
him from the town. So Juan went away. He sold his house and with his cart and carabao moved
on to another town.

He settled in a barrio where the soil was red. Here he lived several weeks but he was
always longing to go back to his home. He finally said to himself that he was going there in spite
of the priest’s anger. Juan filled his cart with soil and slowly drove to the town here he had
been living. As he was driving down the main street in the afternoon, he met the priest. The
priest cried, “Juan, so you are again! Didn’t I tell you never to tread on the soil of his town? If
you do not go away, I will tell the kapitan to imprison you.”

“Dear Padre,” says Juan humbly, “before you accuse me, use your eyes. I am not
treading on you r soil. This earth which I have in my cart is my own.” The priest looked in the
cart. The people laughed at Juan’s wit. The priest wanted to laugh but he controlled himself, for
he was afraid that the people would not respect him. So he angrily threatened Juan and told
him to leave the town immediately.
 PILANDOK CROSSES THE RIVER
(Maranao0

One day, Pilandok wanted to cross a deep and wide river. However, there was no banca
available. He wanted to swim to the other side but he was afraid of the crocodiles.

For a while, Pilandok did not know what to do. So he sat down near the bank of the river
and started to think, after a few minutes, an idea struck him and he stood up. Quickly he
shouted at the crocodiles.

“The datus wishes to find out how many crocodiles are living in this river. So you must
all come out and allow me to count you”. When the crocodile heard this, they sent one of
them, the oldest to come out and spoke to Pilandok.

“Why does the datu went to count us?”

“Because he wants to feed you everyday.”

When the crocodiles heard this, they got out from their hiding places. Because there
were si many of them, Pilandok asked them to form several lines extending from where he
stood to the other bank of the river. Then when the crocodiles had aligned themselves.

“One…Two…Three…”. As he counted, he jumped to one crocodile’s back to another.

Then as soon as he had reached the other side of the river, he jumped out. As he looked back,
he told the crocodiles, “Hahaha! I have fooled you! The datu doesn’t want to do anything with
you”. And thus saying, Pilandok ran home as fast as he could.

A trickster tale many narrate the foolishness of a central character who cheats or plays
tricks on others. The tricksters may be a human or an animal. To come out victorious in
every adventure, he may use sweet talk, subterfuge, or substitution
Name: RANEZA T.BACUS_________________________________ Date: _____________
Score:______

Activity

1. Evaluate the character of the three tricksters mentioned. What are the things you like
and dislikes from them?

ANSWER:The three trickers get a bad reputaion that all they do is play pranks on unsuspecting
people Unfortunately they can also be the victims their own tempeeaments.

2. Have you played tricks to others? Discuss the consequences.

ANSWER:No,because playing tricks on someone maybe fun but when in goes worst we regret
it.something bad may happen which can spoil the relationship between you and the person .
RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time to
read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but not There is no idea and
include verifiable detailed and well detailed and slightly collaboration at all.
ideas and elaboration elaborated elaborated
of answers (30 points) (20 points) (10 points)
The ideas are well The ideas are slightly The ideas have not
ORGANIZATION
organized and organized and has organized and presented.
include chronological
presented. good presentation.
presentation of ideas
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
GRAMMAR AND
There are no grammar There are slight There are lots of grammar
PUNCTUATION
errors, an excellent grammar errors, has errors and poor choice of
include correctness
choice of words and good choice of words words. Punctuation marks
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks are and some misuse of are inappropriately used.
of words and use of
appropriately used. punctuation marks
appropriate
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE

Rated by: _______________________ Date rated: _____________ Score: _____________

Legends

The Legend of Makahiya

This is a legend that tells us about the origin of the touch-me-not (Mimosa Pudica) plant.

Maria Maria, a very shy girl, lived with her parents Mang Dondong and Aling Iska, in a small
village. Maria would spend hours tending to her garden, which was renowned for its lovely
flowers. One day, bandits raided the village, and fearing for her life, Maria's parents hid her in
the garden. While Aling Iska was praying to God for her daughter's safety, the bandits broke
into the house and hit them both on the head. After pillaging the house, the bandits fled.

When Mang Dondong and Aling Iska regained consciousness, they ran to the garden to look for
Maria, but couldn't find her. They searched for her everywhere, and started to despair, when
something pricked Mang Dondong's feet. Both of them knelt down to take a better look at the
tiny plant closing its leaves. At that moment they realized, that their shy Maria has been
transformed by the Gods into the plant. They named the plant Makahiya (Tagalog for shyness)
and took immense care of it.

The Legend of Sampaloc Lake

Sampaloc Lake is the biggest lake in San Pablo, and it is named after a giant tamarind
(sampaloc) tree. Though there are many different versions of this legend, the basic premise
remains the same.

Sampaloc Tree There was an orchard owned by a rich couple, filled with the most delicious
tamarind trees. One day, a fairy decided to test their hospitality, and came to the orchard,
dressed as a poor, old woman. She begged the couple to give her a few fruits as she was very
hungry. The selfish couple, instead of helping the woman, let their dogs loose on her. The old
woman was bitten by the dogs and badly hurt. She touched a giant tamarind tree and cursed,
"Your greed shall be punished". As the woman was walking away, the sky darkened and a
ferocious storm broke out.

The downpour continued late in the night, the next morning though, the sky was clear and blue.
The couple came to tend their orchard and were bewildered to find their entire orchard gone.
Instead, there was water everywhere. When they looked down into the water, they could still
see their precious trees at the bottom of the lake.
 Legend of Mount Mayon

Mount Mayon is an active volcano, named after Daragang Magayon, a beautiful girl in this
legend. This is a tragic love triangle between Daragang Magayon, her lover Panginorin, and her
admirer Pagtuga.

MagayonMagayon, daughter of the Rawis' tribal chief Makusog, was known for her exquisite
beauty and grace. So renowned was she, that suitors from faraway lands came to vie for her
hand. One of her admirers was Pagtuga, an arrogant and snobbish hunter. To win her, he would
present her with extravagant gifts, but none of them pleased her.

Panginorin, the chief of Karilaga, hearing of her beauty, decided to visit the Rawis, just to catch
a glimpse of her. When he saw her, he was immediately smitten and courted her with much
devotion. Touched by his affection, Magayon too fell in love. Panginorin, then, rammed a spear
in front of her house, denoting his intention to marry her, as per the custom.

The wedding was just a few days away, when Pagtuga blackmailed Magayon that if she doesn't
marry him, he will kill Makusog, her father. When Panginorin came to know of this, he attacked
Pagtuga. The brutal fight ended when Pagtuga was slain by Panginorin. A joyous Magayon
rushed to his side, when a stray arrow hit her. Panginorin too, was struck by a spear. Sadness
spread over the entire kingdom, and the lovers were placed in a grave and buried.

As days past by, people noticed that the land on which Magayon and Panginorin were buried,
was slowly rising, forming the Mount Mayon. The legend says that, now Panginorin lives in the
clouds and Magayon in the mountain, and when the peak of Mayon is shrouded by clouds, the
couple is kissing. The rain that follows this, is said to be the tears of Panginorin. Some days, the
ground shakes, and they say, this is the angry Pagtuga trying to take his gifts back from
Magayon.
Desired Learning Outcomes:
1. The students must be able to recognize significant works during Spanish Era.
2. Explain the significance of the literary piences.
3. Demonstrate some literary composition and recreational plays.
4. Cteate their own composition.

Chapter 3
The Spanish Period (1565-1898)

Historical Background
It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565
during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the
Philippines. Literature started to flourish his time. This spurt continued unabated until the
Cavite Revolt in 1872. The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries.
During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of the Filipinos. They embraced
the Catholic religion, changed their names, and were baptized. Their lifestyles changed too.
They built houses made of stones and bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano and used
kitchen utensils. Carriages, trains and boats were used as means of travel. They held fiestas to
honor the saints, the pope and governors. They had cockfights, horses’ races and the theater as
means of recreation.
This gave rise to the formation of the different classes of society like the rich and the
landlords. Some Filipinos finished courses like medicines, law, agriculture and teaching. Many
Filipinos finished their schooling in the Philippines because many schools already had been
established.

Spanish Influences on Philippines Literature

Due to the long period of colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards, they have
exerted a strong influence on our literature.
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of
its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos
and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Visayan and Ilokano.
7. Our periodical during these times gained a religious tone.
FOLKSONGS
Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national song from
the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Folk songs truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos
innate appreciation for and love of beauty. Here is an example;
Leron-leron Sinta Dandansoy
Tagalong Bisaya

Leron-leron sinta, buto ng papaya Dandansoy, bayaan ta ikaw, pag-uli ako sa

Dala-dalay buslo, sisidlan ng sinta payaw
Pagdating sa dulo’y nabali and sanga Ugaling kon ikaw hidlawon, ang payaw imo
Kapos kapalaran, humanap ng iba. lang lantawon

Ako’y ibigin mo, lalaking matapang Dandansoy, kon imo apason, bisan tubig di
Ang sundang ko’y pito, ang baril ko’y siyam magbalon
Ang lalakarin ko’y sampu ng dinulang Igaling kon ikaw uhawon, sa dalan
Isang pinggang pansit, ang aking kalaban magbobon-bobon.

RECREATIONAL PLAY
There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times.
Almost all of them were in poetic form. Here are examples:

1. The Cenaculo – this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death
of Jesus Christ.
2. Panunuluyan – this is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for
an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus.
3. The Salubong – is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his
mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns.
4. Santa Cruzan
5. Pangangaluluwa

KARAGATAN
This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a
person. In this contest, more or less formal, a ritual is performed based on a legend about a
princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the sea and who offered her hand in marriage
to anyone who can retrieve it.
DUPLO
The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The
roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and sayings. It is usually played during wakes
for the dead.

THE BALAGTASAN
This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This
replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.
ON GOOD MANNERS

The first ever popular work of prose was printed in 1864, Modesto de Castro’s
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza. In these letters, Urbana advises her
sister on matters concerning different walks of life. Here is an excerpt translated into English.

In the presence of your parents or that of any elderly person, do not keep your cigarette
in your mouth, nor talk loudly, nor in a way show a lack of respect. Do not put your finger inside
your nose, nor blow your nose before people. He who feels like doing so should out a
handkerchief and do it very softly, if possible, away from his companions.

It is also bad habit of some persons to scratch with their hand some parts of their body
while with people. This is a shameful act. Before going to school, the students should ask the
blessings of their parents, and when already on the street, they should walk straight on,
without getting mixed up in the conversation or quarrels of others. They should not criticize
their neighbors or classmates, nor lack for that indispensable respect towards the old. And
when a person of authority comes to the school, a priest, a person of age, or importance, they
should stand up from their seats and greet the visitors.

In the classroom, the students should not speak unless asked by the teachers and rise
before answering. They should do the same when with their elders. During a conversation, they
should try themselves to be erect, and whatever they have to say, they should say with
modesty and without exaggeration.

Do not point at a person with your finger nor give your back to him/her. When talking to
many persons, do not address to one alone, disregarding the rest. But if among them there is
one older than the rest or one of importance, address to him/her without being discourteous to
the rest.

On proper upbringing of children, a separate poem from Florante at Laura is presented

below, entitled Ang Laki sa Layaw.
 ANG LAKI SA LAYAW

Pag-ibig anaki’y aking nakilala

Di dapat palakhin ang bata sa say
At sa katuwaay kapag namihasa
Kung lumaki’y walang hihinting ginhawa.

Sapagkat ang mundo’y bayan ng hinagpis

Mamamaya’y sukat tibayan ang dibdib;
Lumaki sa tuwa’y walang pagtitiis
Ano’ng ilalaban sa dahas ng sakit?

Ang taong magawi sa ligaya’t aliw

Mahina ang puso’t lubhang maramdaman
Inaakala pa lamang ang hilahil
Na daratna’y di matutunang bathin.

Para ng halamang lumaki sa tubig,

Daho’y nalalanta munting di madilig
Ikinaluluoy ang sandaling init,
Gayundin ang pusong sa tuwa’y maniig.

Munting kahirapa’y mamalakhing dala,

Dibdib palibhasa’y dig awing magbata,
Ay bago sa mundo’y walang kisapmata,
Ang tao’y mayroong sukat ipagdusa.

Ang laki sa layaw karaniwa’y hubad

Sa bait at muni sa hatol ay salat;
Masaklap na bunga ng maling paglingap,
Habag ng magulang sa irog na anak.

Sa taguring bunso’t likong pagmamahal,

Ang isinasama ng bata’y nunukal;
Ang iba’y marahil sa kapabayaan
Ng dapat magturong tamad na magulang.
Name: RANEZA T.BACUS_________________________________ Date: _____________
Score:______

Activity

1. What can you say about Ubana’s advice to Feliza? Is there an advice that you think is no
longer applicable at present?

ANSWER:She mentions in her letter that her sisters should be careful and be gullible.Her
name symbolizes urbanidad,because she always warns her sister and tell her to be safe
and her warm personality.

2. When you become a parent someday, how would you raise your children?

ANSWER:For me,because i have a three children ,i will be a role model of my child,i will
discipline my children and love them,i will be teach the right conduct and good manners for
them and we also treat them nicely.Remember that we are raising a person who will go out into
the world and interact with others for the rest of their life.
RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time to
read and understand the content of the rating guide.)

CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but not There is no idea and
include verifiable detailed and well detailed and slightly collaboration at all.
ideas and elaboration elaborated elaborated
of answers (30 points) (20 points) (10 points)
The ideas are well The ideas are slightly The ideas have not
ORGANIZATION
organized and organized and has organized and presented.
include chronological
presented. good presentation.
presentation of ideas
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
GRAMMAR AND
There are no grammar There are slight There are lots of grammar
PUNCTUATION
errors, an excellent grammar errors, has errors and poor choice of
include correctness
choice of words and good choice of words words. Punctuation marks
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks are and some misuse of are inappropriately used.
of words and use of
appropriately used. punctuation marks
appropriate
(10 points) (7 points) (5 points)
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE

Rated by: _______________________ Date rated: _____________ Score: _____________