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Solving Mathematical Problems Terry Tao

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119 views57 pages

Solving Mathematical Problems Terry Tao

Uploaded by

Mc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solving Mathematical Problems A Personal Perspective agree Terence Tao Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 OXFORD Contents Preface to the frst edition Profoceto the second edition Strategies in problem solving Examples in number theory ‘amples in algebra and analysis Evcidean geometry Analytic geometry ‘Sundey examples References Index BSsee. 01 Preface to the first edition rocks an ancient Greck philcsopher, sid: “Thashereloe, aches she vio you cf he nv formsof ‘Reso bees eto fe own dzone she awakens tbe ind ad potest tet be ng lou eo es she ais ‘Chins andignorance wi ave by th Buc ut like mathematics because is ‘Mathematica poblam, oe ples, ae important to eel ratheratis| (ike elving rea ie problems), jst a ables, stores, end anecdotes are Important othe young in understanding eal ie Matherateal probes sre sized” mathematics where an elegant sction has already been Fond by someone ela, ofcourse), the question is sipped ofall super ‘ousiew and posed in an intresting sn (hope) thought rowing ‘ay. I mathemati sikened to prospecting for geld, slsinga geod ath CGratcalproblers akin roa “ideand week” course in gold peespeting: Ser are gen nugget to Bnd, ard you knew what i loks ke, that ‘ut there someuber, dace otto haed eo reac, hae es nesting ‘thin your capitis, and you have conwenindy bee goer the ight “suipenen es data to get i may be hide in 3 ct pce it ‘ol gue ingen ster than cig to reac 5 In this book T shall sve sled problems from various levels and beaches of atest Seared problems ("nda an addtional evel dificult, citer because some higher athena or sme clever think ate ete doused uestion (°*) ae sme ut reer gre. Sere problems have adaibonal exercises atthe cod tat ean be teived in similar marser of involve a situla pice of mathematics ‘While solving these probes, Il er 0 demonstrate some rcs of he teade when problem soling, Two of the main weapons~expeince aod Tenowlege ave nt ey to put int a book dey have tobe apie over tine. Bot these ace roany sper tke tha tae les mew lees, There are ware of king sta prublen that make teaser wo Bed 2 feasible ack lon. There ar systematic ways of seducing a problem neo saccively ‘Smplrsub-prolens. But, onthe other ard, solving the peoblem is mat ‘retything. To rear tothe rl nogge ales, ep-itng the neigh tourhood with ulldcers chase chan dong a careful survey, a bit of logy, and sal amount of digging A ation shold be slaty thor undercandtle, and hopetly hve» touch egal ate ont dine Tanti hr ie pom eso ince ravening mont o sn equaton by txeok cordate does not have the same tate of victory as tworine ectr solutions ‘Asan example of cegacs, here sombre in Balidcan “his net ith onefinee could be aacked by coorinae geemecy. Try te dose fr few minutes (hows, den look 2 th selon: Poor. Call che tangle ABC. Now et P be the inteecion of the rerpeodcule biserote uf AB and AC, Baise Pi on the AB baton, ALT = (PB, Because Pi on the AC beeen, IAP| = |PCL. Comboring "he own HE = [PC Buc his means tha bast bee the BC bet, evar al dew bisector cre eancrent (Incident, Pte ican of ABC) o "he fllowing reduced dsgram shows why 1AP| = [PH if Ps on the AR erpecicuat beer: congruent tangles wil pllt off ie. cp ‘This kind of soltion—and the sarge way tat cbvinw fet: mesh wo form a noeeo obvious facts part ofthe besy of mathematics hope thar yeu eo will appreciate thi beauty, Acknowledgements Thanks to Peres O'Ullocn, Vern Teelibs, and Lenny Np for their

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