IBM Rational Software

Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Version 2004
Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Problem Statement
As the head of information systems for Wylie College you are tasked with developing a new student registration
system. The college would like a new client-server system to replace its much older system developed around
mainframe technology. The new system will allow students to register for courses and view report cards from
personal computers attached to the campus LAN. Professors will be able to access the system to sign up to teach
courses as well as record grades.

Due to a decrease in federal funding, the college cannot afford to replace the entire system at once. The college will
keep the existing course catalog database where all course information is maintained. This database is an Ingres
relational database running on a DEC VAX. Fortunately the college has invested in an open SQL interface that
allows access to this database from college’s Unix servers. The legacy system performance is rather poor, so the
new system must ensure that access to the data on the legacy system occurs in a timely manner. The new system
will access course information from the legacy database but will not update it. The registrar’s office will continue to
maintain course information through another system.

At the beginning of each semester, students may request a course catalogue containing a list of course offerings for
the semester. Information about each course, such as professor, department, and prerequisites, will be included to
help students make informed decisions.

The new system will allow students to select four course offerings for the coming semester. In addition, each
student will indicate two alternative choices in case the student cannot be assigned to a primary selection. Course
offerings will have a maximum of ten students and a minimum of three students. A course offering with fewer than
three students will be canceled. For each semester, there is a period of time that students can change their schedule.
Students must be able to access the system during this time to add or drop courses. Once the registration process is
completed for a student, the registration system sends information to the billing system so the student can be billed
for the semester. If a course fills up during the actual registration process, the student must be notified of the change
before submitting the schedule for processing.

At the end of the semester, the student will be able to access the system to view an electronic report card. Since
student grades are sensitive information, the system must employ extra security measures to prevent unauthorized
access.

Professors must be able to access the on-line system to indicate which courses they will be teaching. They will also
need to see which students signed up for their course offerings. In addition, the professors will be able to record the
grades for the students in each class.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Glossary
Introduction
This document is used to define terminology specific to the problem domain, explaining terms, which may
be unfamiliar to the reader of the use-case descriptions or other project documents. Often, this document
can be used as an informal data dictionary, capturing data definitions so that use-case descriptions and
other project documents can focus on what the system must do with the information.

Definitions
The glossary contains the working definitions for the key concepts in the Course Registration System.

Course
A class offered by the university.

Course Offering
A specific delivery of the course for a specific semester – you could run the same course in parallel
sessions in the semester. Includes the days of the week and times it is offered.

Course Catalog
The unabridged catalog of all courses offered by the university.

Faculty
All the professors teaching at the university.

Finance System
The system used for processing billing information.

Grade
The evaluation of a particular student for a particular course offering.

Professor
A person teaching classes at the university.

Report Card
All the grades for all courses taken by a student in a given semester.

Roster
All the students enrolled in a particular course offering.

Student
A person enrolled in classes at the university.

Schedule
The courses a student has selected for the current semester.

Transcript
The history of the grades for all courses, for a particular student sent to the finance system, which in turn
bills the students.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Supplementary Specification
Objectives
The purpose of this document is to define requirements of the Course Registration System. This
Supplementary Specification lists the requirements that are not readily captured in the use cases of the use-
case model. The Supplementary Specifications and the use-case model together capture a complete set of
requirements on the system.

Scope
This Supplementary Specification applies to the Course Registration System, which will be developed by
the OOAD students.
This specification defines the non-functional requirements of the system; such as reliability, usability,
performance, and supportability, as well as functional requirements that are common across a number of
use cases. (The functional requirements are defined in the Use Case Specifications.)

References
None.

Functionality
Multiple users must be able to perform their work concurrently.

If a course offering becomes full while a student is building a schedule including that offering, the student
must be notified.
Usability
The desktop user-interface shall be Windows 95/98 compliant.

Reliability
The system shall be available 24 hours a day 7 days a week, with no more than 10% down time.

Performance
The system shall support up to 2000 simultaneous users against the central database at any given time, and
up to 500 simultaneous users against the local servers at any one time.
The system shall provide access to the legacy course catalog database with no more than a 10 second
latency.
Note: Risk-based prototypes have found that the legacy course catalog database cannot meet our
performance needs without some creative use of mid-tier processing power
The system must be able to complete 80% of all transactions within 2 minutes.

Supportability
None.

Security
The system must prevent students from changing any schedules other than their own, and professors from
modifying assigned course offerings for other professors.
Only Professors can enter grades for students.
Only the Registrar is allowed to change any student information.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Design Constraints
The system shall integrate with an existing legacy system, the Course Catalog System, which is an RDBMS
database.
The system shall provide a Windows-based desktop interface.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Use-Case Model
Course Registration System Use-Case Model Main Diagram

View Report Card

Student
Register for Courses

Course Catalog
Login

Select Courses to Teach

Professor

Submit Grades

Maintain Professor Information

Registrar

Maintain Student Information

Close Registration
Billing Syst em

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Close Registration
Brief Description
This use case allows a Registrar to close the registration process. Course offerings that do not have enough students
are cancelled. Course offerings must have a minimum of three students in them. The billing system is notified for
each student in each course offering that is not cancelled, so the student can be billed for the course offering.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Registrar requests that the system close registration.
1. The system checks to see if registration is in progress. If it is, then a message is displayed to the Registrar, and
the use case terminates. The Close Registration processing cannot be performed if registration is in progress.
2. For each course offering, the system checks if a professor has signed up to teach the course offering and at least
three students have registered. If so, the system commits the course offering for each schedule that contains it.
3. For each schedule, the system “levels” the schedule: if the schedule does not have the maximum number of
primary courses selected, the system attempts to select alternates from the schedule’s list of alternates. The first
available alternate course offerings will be selected. If no alternates are available, then no substitution will be
made.
4. For each course offering, the system closes all course offerings. If the course offerings do not have at least
three students at this point (some may have been added as a result of leveling), then the system cancels the
course offering. The system cancels the course offering for each schedule that contains it.
5. The system calculates the tuition owed by each student for his current semester schedule and sends a transaction
to the Billing System. The Billing System will send the bill to the students, which will include a copy of their
final schedule.
Alternative Flows

No Professor for the Course Offering

If, in the Basic Flow, there is no professor signed up to teach the course offering, the system will cancel the
course offering. The system cancels the course offering for each schedule that contains it.

Billing System Unavailable

If the system is unable to communicate with the Billing System, the system will attempt to re-send the
request after a specified period. The system will continue to attempt to re-send until the Billing System
becomes available.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Registrar must be logged onto the system in order for this use case to begin.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, registration is now closed. If not, the system state remains unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Login
Brief Description
This use case describes how a user logs into the Course Registration System.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the actor wishes to log into the Course Registration System.
1. The actor enters his/her name and password.
2. The system validates the entered name and password and logs the actor into the system.

Alternative Flows

Invalid Name/Password
If, in the Basic Flow, the actor enters an invalid name and/or password, the system displays an error
message. The actor can choose to either return to the beginning of the Basic Flow or cancel the login, at
which point the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The system is in the login state and has the login screen displayed.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the actor is now logged into the system. If not, the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Maintain Professor Information

Brief Description
This use case allows the Registrar to maintain professor information in the registration system. This includes adding,
modifying, and deleting professors from the system.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Registrar wishes to add, change, and/or delete professor information in the system.
1. The system requests that the Registrar specify the function he/she would like to perform (either Add a
Professor, Update a Professor, or Delete a Professor)
2. Once the Registrar provides the requested information, one of the sub flows is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Add a Professor”, the Add a Professor subflow is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Update a Professor”, the Update a Professor subflow is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Delete a Professor”, the Delete a Professor subflow is executed.

Add a Professor
The system requests that the Registrar enter the professor information. This includes:
- name
- date of birth
- social security number
- status
- department
1. Once the Registrar provides the requested information, the system generates and assigns a unique id
number to the professor. The professor is added to the system.
2. The system provides the Registrar with the new professor id.

Update a Professor
1. The system requests that the Registrar enter the professor id.
2. The Registrar enters the professor id. The system retrieves and displays the professor information.
3. The Registrar makes the desired changes to the professor information. This includes any of the
information specified in the Add a Professor sub-flow.
4. Once the Registrar updates the necessary information, the system updates the professor record.

Delete a Professor
1. The system requests that the Registrar enter the professor id
2. The Registrar enters the professor id. The system retrieves and displays the professor information.
3. The system prompts the Registrar to confirm the deletion of the professor.
4. The Registrar verifies the deletion.
5. The system deletes the professor from the system.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Alternative Flows

Professor Not Found

If, in the Update a Professor or Delete a Professor sub-flows, a professor with the specified id number
does not exist, the system displays an error message. The Registrar can then enter a different id number or
cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Delete Cancelled
If, in the Delete A Professor sub-flow, the Registrar decides not to delete the professor, the delete is
cancelled, and the Basic Flow is re-started at the beginning.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Registrar must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the professor information is added, updated, or deleted from the system. Otherwise,
the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Maintain Student Information

Brief Description
This use case allows the Registrar to maintain student information in the registration system. This includes adding,
modifying, and deleting Students from the system.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Registrar wishes to add, change, and/or delete student information in the system.
1. The system requests that the Registrar specify the function he/she would like to perform (either Add a Student,
Update a Student, or Delete a Student)
2. Once the Registrar provides the requested information, one of the sub flows is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Add a Student”, the Add a Student subflow is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Update a Student”, the Update a Student subflow is executed.
If the Registrar selected “Delete a Student”, the Delete a Student subflow is executed.

Add a Student
1. The system requests that the Registrar enter the student information. This includes:
- name
- date of birth
- social security number
- status
- graduation date
2. Once the Registrar provides the requested information, the system generates and assigns a unique id
number to the student. The student is added to the system.
3. The system provides the Registrar with the new student id.

Update a Student
1. The system requests that the Registrar enter the student id.
2. The Registrar enters the student id. The system retrieves and displays the student information.
3. The Registrar makes the desired changes to the student information. This includes any of the
information specified in the Add a Student sub-flow.
4. Once the Registrar updates the necessary information, the system updates the student information.

Delete a Student
1. The system requests that the Registrar enter the student id
2. The Registrar enters the student id. The system retrieves and displays the student information.
3. The system prompts the Registrar to confirm the deletion of the student.
4. The Registrar verifies the deletion.
5. The system deletes the student from the system.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Alternative Flows

Student Not Found

If, in the Update a Student or Delete a Student sub-flows, a student with the specified id number does not
exist, the system displays an error message. The Registrar can then enter a different id number or cancel the
operation, at which point the use case ends.

Delete Cancelled
If, in the Delete A Student sub-flow, the Registrar decides not to delete the student, the delete is cancelled
and the Basic Flow is re-started at the beginning.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Registrar must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the student information is added, updated, or deleted from the system. Otherwise, the
system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Register for Courses

Brief Description
This use case allows a Student to register for course offerings in the current semester. The Student can also update or
delete course selections if changes are made within the add/drop period at the beginning of the semester. The Course
Catalog System provides a list of all the course offerings for the current semester.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when a Student wishes to register for course offerings, or to change his/her existing course
schedule.
1. The Student provides the function to perform (one of the sub flows is executed):
If the Student selected “Create a Schedule”, the Create a Schedule subflow is executed.
If the Student selected “Update a Schedule”, the Update a Schedule subflow is executed.
If the Student selected “Delete a Schedule”, the Delete a Schedule subflow is executed.

Create a Schedule
1. The system retrieves a list of available course offerings from the Course Catalog System and displays
the list to the Student.
2. The Select Offerings subflow is executed.
3. The Submit Schedule subflow is executed.

Update a Schedule
1. The system retrieves and displays the Student’s current schedule (e.g., the schedule for the current
semester).
2. The system retrieves a list of available course offerings from the Course Catalog System and displays
the list to the Student.
3. The Student may update the course selections on the current selection by deleting and adding new
course offerings. The Student selects the course offerings to add from the list of available course
offerings. The Student also selects any course offerings to delete from the existing schedule.
4. Once the student has made his/her selections, the system updates the schedule for the Student using the
selected course offerings.
5. The Submit Schedule subflow is executed.

Delete a Schedule
1. The system retrieves and displays the Student’s current schedule (e.g., the schedule for the current
semester).
2. The system prompts the Student to confirm the deletion of the schedule.
3. The Student verifies the deletion.
4. The system deletes the Schedule. If the schedule contains “enrolled in” course offerings, the Student
must be removed from the course offering.

Select Offerings
The Student selects 4 primary course offerings and 2 alternate course offerings from the list of available
offerings.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Once the student has made his/her selections, the system creates a schedule for the Student containing the
selected course offerings.

Submit Schedule
For each selected course offering on the schedule not already marked as “enrolled in”, the system verifies
that the Student has the necessary prerequisites, that the course offering is open, and that there are no
schedule conflicts.
The system then adds the Student to the selected course offering. The course offering is marked as
“enrolled in” in the schedule.
The schedule is saved in the system.

Alternative Flows

Save a Schedule
At any point, the Student may choose to save a schedule rather than submitting it. If this occurs, the
Submit Schedule step is replaced with the following:
The course offerings not marked as “enrolled in” are marked as “selected” in the schedule.
The schedule is saved in the system.

Unfulfilled Prerequisites, Course Full, or Schedule Conflicts

If, in the Submit Schedule sub-flow, the system determines that the Student has not satisfied the necessary
prerequisites, or that the selected course offering is full, or that there are schedule conflicts, an error
message is displayed. The Student can either select a different course offering and the use case continues,
save the schedule, as is (see Save a Schedule subflow), or cancel the operation, at which point the Basic
Flow is re-started at the beginning.

No Schedule Found
If, in the Update a Schedule or Delete a Schedule sub-flows, the system is unable to retrieve the Student’s
schedule, an error message is displayed. The Student acknowledges the error, and the Basic Flow is re-
started at the beginning.

Course Catalog System Unavailable

If the system is unable to communicate with the Course Catalog System, the system will display an error
message to the Student. The Student acknowledges the error message, and the use case terminates.

Course Registration Closed

When the use case starts, if it is determined that registration for the current semester has been closed, a
message is displayed to the Student, and the use case terminates. Students cannot register for course
offerings after registration for the current semester has been closed.

Delete Cancelled
If, in the Delete A Schedule sub-flow, the Student decides not to delete the schedule, the delete is
cancelled, and the Basic Flow is re-started at the beginning.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Student must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the student schedule is created, updated, or deleted. Otherwise, the system state is
unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Select Courses to Teach

Brief Description
This use case allows a Professor to select the course offerings from the course catalog for the courses that he/she is
eligible for and wishes to teach in the upcoming semester.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when a Professor wishes to sign up to teach some course offerings for the upcoming semester.
1. The system retrieves and displays the list of course offerings the professor is eligible to teach for the current
semester. The system also retrieves and displays the list of courses the professor has previously selected to
teach.
2. The professor selects and/or de-selects the course offerings that he/she wishes to teach for the upcoming
semester.
3. The system removes the professor from teaching the de-selected course offerings.
4. The system verifies that the selected offerings do not conflict (i.e., have the same dates and times) with each
other or any course offerings that the professor has previously signed up to teach. If there is no conflict, the
system updates the course offering information for each offering the professor selects (i.e., records the professor
as the instructor for the course offering).

Alternative Flows

No Course Offerings Available

If, in the Basic Flow, the professor is not eligible to teach any course offerings in the upcoming semester,
the system will display an error message. The professor acknowledges the message and the use case ends.

Schedule Conflict
If the systems find a schedule conflict when trying to establish the course offerings the Professor should
take, the system will display an error message indicating that a schedule conflict has occurred. The system
will also indicate which are the conflicting courses. The Professor can either resolve the schedule conflict
(i.e., by canceling his selection to teach one of the course offerings), or cancel the operation, in which case,
any selections will be lost, and the use case ends.

Course Catalog System Unavailable

If the system is unable to communicate with the Course Catalog System, the system will display an error
message to the Student. The Student acknowledges the error message, and the use case terminates.

Course Registration Closed

When the use case starts, if it is determined that registration for the current semester has been closed, a
message is displayed to the Professor, and the use case terminates. Professors cannot change the course
offerings they teach after registration for the current semester has been closed. If a professor change is
needed after registration has been closed, it is handled outside the scope of this system.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Professor must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the course offerings a Professor is scheduled to teach have been updated. Otherwise,
the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

Submit Grades
Brief Description
This use case allows a Professor to submit student grades for one or more classes completed in the previous
semester.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when a Professor wishes to submit student grades for one or more classes completed in the
previous semester.
1. The system displays a list of course offerings the Professor taught in the previous semester.
2. The Professor selects a course offering.
3. The system retrieves a list of all students who were registered for the course offering. The system displays each
student and any grade that was previously assigned for the offering.
4. For each student on the list, the Professor enters a grade: A, B, C, D, F, or I. The system records the student’s
grade for the course offering. If the Professor wishes to skip a particular student, the grade information can be
left blank and filled in at a later time. The Professor may also change the grade for a student by entering a new
grade.

Alternative Flows

No Course Offerings Taught

If, in the Basic Flow, the Professor did not teach any course offerings in the previous semester, the system
will display an error message. The Professor acknowledges the message, and the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Professor must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, student grades for a course offering are updated. Otherwise, the system state is
unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

View Report Card

Brief Description
This use case allows a Student to view his/her report card for the previously completed semester.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when a Student wishes to view his/her report card for the previously completed semester.
1. The system retrieves and displays the grade information for each of the course offerings the Student completed
during the previous semester.
2. When the Student indicates that he/she is done viewing the grades, the use case terminates.

Alternative Flows

No Grade Information Available

If, in the Basic Flow, the system cannot find any grade information from the previous semester for the
Student, a message is displayed. Once the Student acknowledges the message, the use case terminates.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Student must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
The system state is unchanged by this use case.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 1: Course Registration Requirements

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 IBM Rational Software

Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Version 2004

 Copyright IBM Corp. 2004 Page 21

Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Problem Statement
As the head of Information Technology at Acme, Inc., you are tasked with building a new payroll system to replace
the existing system, which is hopelessly out of date. Acme needs a new system to allow employees to record
timecard information electronically and automatically generate paychecks based on the number of hours worked and
total amount of sales (for commissioned employees).

The new system will be state of the art and will have a Windows-based desktop interface to allow employees to
enter timecard information, enter purchase orders, change employee preferences (such as payment method), and
create various reports. The system will run on individual employee desktops throughout the entire company. For
reasons of security and auditing, employees can only access and edit their own timecards and purchase orders.

The system will retain information on all employees in the company (Acme currently has around 5,000 employees
world-wide). The system must pay each employee the correct amount, on time, by the method that they specify (see
possible payment methods described later). Acme, for cost reasons, does not want to replace one of their legacy
databases, the Project Management Database, which contains all information regarding projects and charge
numbers. The new system must work with the existing Project Management Database, which is a DB2 database
running on an IBM mainframe. The Payroll System will access, but not update, information stored in the Project
Management Database.

Some employees work by the hour, and they are paid an hourly rate. They submit timecards that record the date and
number of hours worked for a particular charge number. If someone works for more than 8 hours, Acme pays them
1.5 times their normal rate for those extra hours. Hourly workers are paid every Friday.

Some employees are paid a flat salary. Even though they are paid a flat salary, they submit timecards that record the
date and hours worked. This is so the system can keep track of the hours worked against particular charge numbers.
They are paid on the last working day of the month.

Some of the salaried employees also receive a commission based on their sales. They submit purchase orders that
reflect the date and amount of the sale. The commission rate is determined for each employee, and is one of 10%,
15%, 25%, or 35%.

One of the most requested features of the new system is employee reporting. Employees will be able to query the
system for number of hours worked, totals of all hours billed to a project (i.e., charge number), total pay received
year-to-date, remaining vacation time, etc.

Employees can choose their method of payment. They can have their paychecks mailed to the postal address of their
choice, or they can request direct deposit and have their paycheck deposited into a bank account of their choosing.
The employee may also choose to pick their paychecks up at the office.

The Payroll Administrator maintains employee information. The Payroll Administrator is responsible for adding
new employees, deleting employees and changing all employee information such as name, address, and payment
classification (hourly, salaried, commissioned), as well as running administrative reports.

The payroll application will run automatically every Friday and on the last working day of the month. It will pay the
appropriate employees on those days. The system will be told what date the employees are to be paid, so it will
generate payments for records from the last time the employee was paid to the specified date. The new system is
being designed so that the payroll will always be generated automatically, and there will be no need for any manual
intervention.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Glossary
Introduction
This document is used to define terminology specific to the problem domain, explaining terms, which may
be unfamiliar to the reader of the use-case descriptions or other project documents. Often, this document
can be used as an informal data dictionary, capturing data definitions so that use-case descriptions and
other project documents can focus on what the system must do with the information.

Definitions
The glossary contains the working definitions for the key concepts in the Payroll System.

Bank System
Any bank(s) to which direct deposit transactions are sent.

Employee
A person that works for the company that owns and operates the payroll system (Acme, Inc.)

Payroll Administrator
The person responsible for maintaining employees and employee information in the system.

Project Management Database

The legacy database that contains all information regarding projects and charge numbers.

System Clock
The internal system clock that keeps track of time. The internal clock will automatically run the payroll at
the appropriate times.

Pay Period
The amount of time over which an employee is paid.

Paycheck
A record of how much an employee was paid during a specified Pay Period.

Payment Method
How the employee is paid, either pick-up, mail, or direct deposit.

Timecard
A record of hours worked by the employee during a specified pay period.

Purchase Order
A record of a sale made by an employee.

Salaried Employee
An employee that receives a salary.

Commissioned Employee
An employee that receives a salary plus commissions.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Hourly Employee
An employee that is paid by the hour.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Supplementary Specification
Objectives
The purpose of this document is to define requirements of the Payroll System. This Supplementary
Specification lists the requirements that are not readily captured in the use cases of the use-case model. The
Supplementary Specifications and the use-case model together capture a complete set of requirements on
the system.

Scope
This Supplementary Specification applies to the Payroll System, which will be developed by the OOAD
students.
This specification defines the non-functional requirements of the system; such as reliability, usability,
performance, and supportability as well as functional requirements that are common across a number of use
cases. (The functional requirements are defined in the Use Case Specifications.).

References
None.

Functionality
None.

Usability
None.

Reliability
The main system must be running 98% of the time. It is imperative that the system be up and running
during the times the payroll is run (every Friday and the last working day of the month).

Performance
The system shall support up to 2000 simultaneous users against the central database at any given time, and
up to 500 simultaneous users against the local servers at any one time.

Supportability
None.

Security
The system should prevent employees from changing any timecards other than their own. Additionally, for
security reasons, only the Payroll Administrator is allowed to change any employee information with the
exception of the payment delivery method.

Design Constraints
The system shall integrate with an existing legacy system, the Project Management Database, which is a
DB2 database running on an IBM mainframe.
The system shall interface with existing bank systems via an electronic transaction interface (NOTE: THE
FORMAL INTERFACES WITH THE EXTERNAL BANK SYSTEM WOULD NEED TO BE DEFINED
EARLY IN THE PROCESS AND DEFINED HERE OR IN A SEPARATE SUPPORTING DOCUMENT.
SUCH A DEFINITION IS OUT OF THE SCOPE OF THIS COURSE.)
The system shall provide a Windows-based desktop interface.

 Copyright IBM Corp. 2004 Page 25

Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Use-Case Model
Payroll System Use-Case Model Main Diagram

 Copyright IBM Corp. 2004 Page 26

Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Create Administrative Report

Brief Description
The use case allows the Payroll Administrator to create either a “Total Hours Worked” or “Pay Year-to-Date”
report.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
The use case begins when the Payroll Administrator requests that the system create an administrative report.
1. The system requests that the Payroll Administrator specify the following report criteria:
- Report Type (either total hours worked or pay year-to-date),
- Begin and end dates for the report,
- Employee name(s)
2. Once the Payroll Administrator provides the requested information, the system provides the Payroll
Administrator with a report satisfying the report criteria.
3. The Payroll Administrator may then request that the system save the report. At which time, the system requests
the Payroll Administrator to provide the name and location for saving the report.
4. Once the Payroll Administrator provides the requested information and confirms the decision to save the report,
the system saves the report to the specified name and location.
5. If the Payroll Administrator did not elect to save the report, the report is discarded.

Alternative Flows

Requested Information Unavailable

If in the Basic Flow, the requested information is unavailable, the system will display an error message.
The Payroll Administrator can choose to either return to the beginning of the Basic Flow, or cancel the
operation, at which point the use case ends.

Invalid Format or Insufficient Information

If, in the Basic Flow, the Payroll Administrator has not specified sufficient information to create the
selected report, the system will prompt the actor for the missing information. The Payroll Administrator can
either enter the missing information or choose to cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Payroll Administrator must be logged onto the system in order for this use case to begin.

Post-Conditions
The system state is unchanged by this use case.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Create Employee Report

Brief Description
The use case allows the Employee to create a “Total Hours Worked,” “Total Hours Worked for a Project”,
“Vacation/Sick Leave,” or “Total Pay Year-to-Date” report.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Employee wishes to create a “Total Hours Worked,” “Total Hours Worked for a
Project”, “Vacation/Sick Leave,” or “Total Pay Year-to-Date” report.
1. The system requests that the Employee specify the following report criteria:
- Report Type (either “Total Hours Worked,” “Total Hours Worked for a Project”, “Vacation/Sick Leave,” or
“Total Pay Year-to-Date”)
- Begin and end dates for the report
2. If the Employee selected the “Total Hours Worked for a Project” report, the system retrieves and displays a list
of the available charge numbers from the Project Management Database. The system then requests that the
Employee select a charge number.
3. Once the Employee provides the requested information, the system provides the Employee with a report
satisfying the report criteria.
4. The Employee may then request that the system save the report. At which time, the system requests the
Employee to provide the name and location for saving the report.
5. Once the Employee provides the requested information and confirms the decision to save the report, the system
saves the report to the specified name and location.
6. If the Employee did not elect to save the report, the report is discarded.

Alternative Flows

Requested Information Unavailable

If, in the Basic Flow, the requested information is unavailable, the system will display an error message.
The Employee can choose to either return to the beginning of the Basic Flow, or cancel the operation, at
which point the use case ends.

Invalid Format or Insufficient Information

If, in the Basic Flow, the Employee has not specified sufficient information to create the selected report,
the system will prompt the actor for the missing information. The Employee can either enter the missing
information or choose to cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Employee must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
The system state is unchanged by this use case.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Login
Brief Description
This use case describes how a user logs into the Payroll System.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the actor wishes to Login to the Payroll System.
1. The actor enters his/her name and password.
2. The system validates the entered name and password and logs the actor into the system.

Alternative Flows

Invalid Name/Password
If, in the Basic Flow, the actor enters an invalid name and/or password, the system displays an error
message. The actor can choose to either return to the beginning of the Basic Flow or cancel the login, at
which point the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The system is in the login state and has the login screen displayed.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the actor is now logged into the system. If not, the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Maintain Employee Information

Brief Description
This use case allows the Payroll Administrator to maintain employee information. This includes adding, changing,
and deleting employee information from the system.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Payroll Administrator wishes to add, change, and/or delete employee information from
the system.
1. The system requests that the Payroll Administrator specify the function he/she would like to perform (either
Add an Employee, Update an Employee, or Delete an Employee)
2. Once the Payroll Administrator provides the requested information, one of the sub flows is executed.
If the Payroll Administrator selected “Add an Employee“, the Add an Employee subflow is executed.
If the Payroll Administrator selected “Update an Employee“, the Update an Employee subflow is executed.
If the Payroll Administrator selected “Delete an Employee“, the Delete an Employee subflow is executed.

Add an Employee
1. The system requests that the Payroll Administrator enter the employee information. This includes:
2. name
- employee type (hour, salaried, commissioned)
- mailing address
- social security number
- standard tax deductions
- other deductions (401k, medical)
- phone number
- hourly rate (for hourly employees)
- salary (for salaried and commissioned employees)
- commission rate (for commissioned employees)
- hour limit (some employees may not be able to work overtime)
3. Once the Payroll Administrator provides the requested information, the system generates and assigns a
unique employee id number to the employee and sets the paycheck delivery method to default of
“pickup”. The employee is added to the system.
4. The system provides the Payroll Administrator with the new employee id.

Update an Employee
1. The system requests that the Payroll Administrator enter the employee id.
2. The Payroll Administrator enters the employee id. The system retrieves and displays the employee
information.
3. The Payroll Administrator makes the desired changes to the employee information. This includes any
of the information specified in the Add an Employee sub-flow.
4. Once the Payroll Administrator updates the necessary information, the system updates the employee
record with the updated information.

Delete an Employee
1. The system requests that the Payroll Administrator specify the employee id.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

2. The Payroll Administrator enters the employee id. The system retrieves and displays the employee
information.
3. The system prompts the Payroll Administrator to confirm the deletion of the employee.
4. The Payroll Administrator verifies the deletion.
5. The system marks the employee record for deletion. The next time the payroll is run, the system will
generate a final paycheck for the deleted employee and remove the employee from the system.

Alternative Flows

Employee Not Found

If in the Update an Employee or Delete an Employee sub-flows, an employee with the specified id
number does not exist, the system displays an error message. The Payroll Administrator can then enter a
different id number or cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Delete Cancelled
If in the Delete An Employee sub-flow, the Payroll Administrator decides not to delete the employee, the
delete is cancelled and the Basic Flow is re-started at the beginning.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Payroll Administrator must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the employee information is added, updated, or deleted from the system. Otherwise,
the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Maintain Purchase Order

Brief Description
This use case allows a Commissioned Employee to record and maintain purchase orders. This includes adding,
changing, and deleting purchase orders. Commissioned employees must record each of their purchase orders in
order to receive commissions.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Commissioned Employee wishes to add, change, and/or delete purchase order
information from the system.
1. The system requests that the Commissioned Employee specify the function he/she would like to perform (either
Create a Purchase Order, Update a Purchase Order, or Delete a Purchase Order)
2. Once the Commissioned Employee provides the requested information, one of the sub flows is executed.
If the Commissioned Employee selected “Create a Purchase Order “, the Create a Purchase Order subflow is
executed.
If the Commissioned Employee selected “Update a Purchase Order “, the Update a Purchase Order subflow is
executed.
If the Commissioned Employee selected “Delete a Purchase Order “, the Delete a Purchase Order subflow is
executed.

Create a Purchase Order

1. The system requests that the Commissioned Employee enter the purchase order information. This
includes:
- customer point of contact
- customer billing address
- product(s) purchased
- date
2. Once the Commissioned Employee provides the requested information, the system generates and
assigns a unique purchase order number to the purchase order. The purchase order is added to the
system for the Commissioned Employee.
3. The system provides the Commissioned Employee with the new purchase order id.

Update a Purchase Order

1. The system requests that the Commissioned Employee enter the purchase order id.
2. The Commissioned Employee enters the purchase order id.
3. The system retrieves the purchase order associated with the purchase order id.
4. The system verifies that the purchase order is a purchase order for the Commissioned Employee, and
that the purchase order is open.
5. The system displays the purchase order.
6. The Commissioned Employee makes the desired changes to the purchase order information. This
includes any of the information specified in the Create a Purchase Order sub flow.
7. Once the Commissioned Employee updates the necessary information, the system updates the purchase
order with the updated information.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Delete a Purchase Order

1. The system requests that the Commissioned Employee specify the purchase order id.
2. The Commissioned Employee enters the purchase order id.
3. The system retrieves the purchase order associated with the purchase order id.
4. The system verifies that the purchase order is a purchase order for the Commissioned Employee, and
that the purchase order is open.
5. The system displays the purchase order.
6. The system prompts the Commissioned Employee to confirm the deletion of the purchase order.
7. The Commissioned Employee verifies the deletion.
8. The system removes the purchase order from the system.

Alternative Flows

Purchase Order Not Found

If, in the Update a Purchase Order or Delete an Purchase Order sub-flows, an purchase order with the
specified id number does not exist, the system displays an error message. The Commissioned Employee
can then enter a different id number or cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Invalid Access to a Purchase Order

If, in the Update a Purchase Order or Delete a Purchase Order sub-flows, the Commissioned Employee
attempts to access a purchase order that is not his, the system displays an error message. The
Commissioned Employee can then enter a different id number or cancel the operation, at which point the
use case ends.

Purchase Order is Closed

If, in the Update a Purchase Order or Delete a Purchase Order sub-flows, the Commissioned Employee
attempts to access a purchase order that is closed, the system displays an error message. The Commissioned
Employee can then enter a different id number or cancel the operation, at which point the use case ends.

Delete Cancelled
If, in the Delete A Purchase Order sub-flow, the Commissioned Employee decides not to delete the
purchase order, the delete is cancelled and the Basic Flow is re-started at the beginning.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Commissioned Employee must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the purchase order information is added, updated, or deleted from the system.
Otherwise, the system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Maintain Timecard
Brief Description
This use case allows the Employee to update and submit timecard information. Hourly and salaried employees must
submit weekly timecards recording all hours worked that week and which projects the hours are billed to. An
Employee can only make changes to the timecard for the current pay period and before the timecard has been
submitted.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Employee wishes to enter hours worked into his current timecard.
1. The system retrieves and displays the current timecard for the Employee. If a timecard does not exist for the
Employee for the current pay period, the system creates a new one. The start and end dates of the timecard are
set by the system and cannot be changed by the Employee.
2. The system retrieves and displays the list of available charge numbers from the Project Management Database.
3. The Employee selects the appropriate charge numbers and enters the hours worked for any desired date (within
the date range of the timecard).
4. Once the Employee has entered the information, the system saves the timecard.

Submit Timecard
1. At any time, the Employee may request that the system submit the timecard.
2. At that time, the system assigns the current date to the timecard as the submitted date and changes the
status of the timecard to “submitted.” No changes are permitted to the timecard once it has been
submitted.
3. The system validates the timecard by checking the number of hours worked against each charge
number. The total number of hours worked against all charge numbers must not exceed any limit
established for the Employee (for example, the Employee may not be allowed to work overtime).
4. The system retains the number of hours worked for each charge number in the timecard.
5. The system saves the timecard.
6. The system makes the timecard read-only, and no further changes are allowed once the timecard is
submitted.

Alternative Flows

Invalid Number of Hours

If, in the Basic Flow, an invalid number of hours is entered for a single day (>24), or the number entered
exceeds the maximum allowable for the Employee, the system will display an error message and prompt
for a valid number of hours. The Employee must enter a valid number, or cancel the operation, in which
case the use case ends.

Timecard Already Submitted

If, in the Basic Flow, the Employee’s current timecard has already been submitted, the system displays a
read-only copy of the timecard and informs the Employee that the timecard has already been submitted, so
no changes can be made to it. The Employee acknowledges the message and the use case ends.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Project Management Database Not Available

If, in the Basic Flow, the Project Management Database is not available, the system will display an error
message stating that the list of available charge numbers is not available. The Employee acknowledges the
error and may either choose to continue (without selectable charge numbers), or to cancel (any timecard
changes are discarded and the use case ends).
Note: Without selectable charge numbers, the Employee may change hours for a charge number already
listed on the timecard, but he/she may not add hours for a charge number that is not already listed.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Employee must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the Employee timecard information is saved to the system. Otherwise, the system
state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Run Payroll
Brief Description
The use case describes how the payroll is run every Friday and the last working day of the month.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
1. The use case begins when it’s time to run the payroll. The payroll is run automatically every Friday and the last
working day of the month.
2. The system retrieves all employees who should be paid on the current date.
3. The system calculates the pay using entered timecards, purchase orders, employee information (e.g., salary,
benefits, etc.) and all legal deductions.
4. If the payment delivery method is mail or pick-up, the system prints a paycheck.
5. If the payment delivery method is direct deposit, the system creates a bank transaction and sends it to the Bank
System for processing.
6. The use case ends when all employees receiving pay for the desired date have been processed.

Alternative Flows

Bank System Unavailable

If the Bank System is down, the system will attempt to send the bank transaction again after a specified
period. The system will continue to attempt to re-transmit until the Bank System becomes available.

Deleted Employees
After the payroll for an Employee has been processed, if the employee has been marked for deletion (see
the Maintain Employee use case), then the system will delete the employee.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
None.

Post-Conditions
Payments for each employee eligible to be paid on the current date have been processed.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

Select Payment Method

Brief Description
This use case allows an Employee to select a payment method. The payment method controls how the Employee
will be paid. The Employee may choose to either: pick up his check directly, receive it in the mail, or have it
deposited directly into a specified bank account.

Flow of Events

Basic Flow
This use case starts when the Employee wishes to select a payment method.
1. The system requests that the Employee specify the payment method he would like (either: “pick up”, “mail”, or
“direct deposit”).
2. The Employee selects the desired payment method.
3. If the Employee selects the “pick-up” payment method, no additional information is required.
If the Employee selects the “mail” payment method, the system requests that the Employee specify the address
that the paycheck will be mailed to.
If the Employee selects the “direct deposit” method, the system requests that the Employee specify the bank
name and account number.
4. Once the Employee provides the requested information, the system updates the Employee information to reflect
the chosen payment method.

Alternative Flows

Employee Not Found

If, in the Basic Flow, information for the employee could not be located, the system displays an error
message, and the use case ends.

Special Requirements
None.

Pre-Conditions
The Employee must be logged onto the system before this use case begins.

Post-Conditions
If the use case was successful, the payment method for the Employee is updated in the system. Otherwise, the
system state is unchanged.

Extension Points
None.

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Section 2: Payroll Requirements

 Copyright IBM Corp. 2004 Page 38

 IBM Rational Software

Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Version 2004

 Copyright IBM Corp. 2004 Page 39

Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Payroll Architecture Handbook

Description
This document supplements the course material for the Payroll Exercise used in the Object-Oriented Analysis and
Design Using the UML course. It provides the architectural givens that support the development of the Payroll
System design model during the course exercises.
This is because the OOAD course concentrates on demonstrating how architecture affects the design model. OOAD
is NOT an architecture course. The OOAD course gives the students an appreciation of what an architecture is and
why it is important.

In some sections of this document, the architecture is represented textually. The students, as part of the exercises
throughout the course, will generate the associated UML diagrams. Thus, for the UML representation of the
architecture, see the Payroll Exercise Solution.

Note: A SUBSET OF THE PAYROLL SYSTEM IS PROVIDED. Concentration is on the elements needed to
support the Login, Maintain Timecard and Run Payroll use cases.
Architectural Mechanisms
Analysis Mechanisms
Persistency: A means to make an element persistent (i.e., exist after the application that created it ceases to exist).
Distribution: A means to distribute an element across existing nodes of the system.
Note: For this course, it has been decided that the business logic will be distributed.
Security: A means to control access to an element.
Legacy Interface: A means to access a legacy system with an existing interface.
Analysis-to-Design-to-Implementation Mechanisms Map

Analysis Mechanism Design Mechanisms Implementation Mechanisms

Persistency OODBMS (new data) ObjectStore
Persistency RDBMS (data from JDBC to Ingres
legacy database)
Distribution Remote Method Java 1.1 from Sun
Invocation (RMI)
Security Reverse Engineered Secure.java
and UserContextRemoteObject
components
Legacy Interface

Note: Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a Java-specific mechanism that allows client objects to invoke operations
on server objects as though they were local. Native Java RMI comes with Sun's Java 1.1.

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Implementation Mechanisms

Security

Static View: Security

LoginForm
(from GUI Framework)
MainApplicationForm
(f ro m GUI Fra mework) + open()
+ enterUserName()
+ start() + validateUserIDPassword() : boolean
1 0..1
+ setupSecurityContext() + enterPassword()
+ displayAvailOperations() + logInUser()
1 + setupSecurityContext()
+ getUserContext() : ISecureUser
0..1
0..1
<<Interface>> 0..1 UserSecurityContext
ISecureUser (f rom Se curity Man ager)
(from Secure Interfaces)
+ setAccess (toData : SecureData, ac cess : Sec urityAcc ess)
+ setAccess(toData : ISecureData, access : SecurityAccess) + getAccess (toData : SecureData) : SecurityAcces s
+ getAccess(toData : ISecureData) : SecurityAccess + getUserId() : UniqueId
+ getUserId() : UniqueId + UserSecurityContext(userId : UniqueId)
+ new(forUser : UserID) + checkInternalTables()

<<Interface>>
Security Acc ess
ISecureData
(from Secure Interfaces)
(from Secure Interfaces)

+ isReadable() : Boolean
+ getUniqueId() : UniqueId
+ isWriteable() : Boolean
+ isDeleteable() : Boolean
UniqueId + makeReadable()
(from Secure Interfaces) + makeWriteable()
<<role>> + makeDeleteable()
SampleSecureClass + generat e() : UniqueId + new()
+ asSt ring() : String
+ getUniqueID() + UniqueId(value : String)

Class Descriptions
ISecureData : Analysis Mechanisms:
- Security

SecurityAccess : Analysis Mechanisms:

- Security

SampleSecureClass :

UserSecurityContext : Analysis Mechanisms:

- Security

UniqueId : Analysis Mechanisms:

- Security

MainApplicationForm : Requirements Traceability:

- Usability: The desktop user-interface shall be Windows 95/98 compliant.

ISecureUser : Analysis Mechanisms:

- Security

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

LoginForm : Analysis Mechanisms:

- Security

Requirements Traceability:
- Usability: The desktop user-interface shall be Windows 95/98 compliant.

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Dynamic View: Secure User Set-Up

Any User : : LoginForm : ISecureUs er

MainApplicationForm

1. start( )
1.1. open( )

2. enterUserName( )
We did not expand on
3. enterPas sword( ) validation since it was a
reverse engineered
4. logInUser( ) component

4.1. validateUserIDPassword( )

[ login s uccessful ]
4.2. setupSecurityContext( )

4.2.1. new(UserID)

The
5. setupSecurityContext( ) MainApplicationForm
retains the secure
Display the 5.1. getUserContext( ) user context for later
operations/functions processing by the
that the application user.
provides. 6. close( )

7. displayAvailOperations( )

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Dynamic View: Secure Data Access

Secure : :
Clien SecurityAcce

After retrieving an object that

SecureData interface, the Secure
Client should retrieve the security 1.
information for the secure object
for the current user and compare 2.
make sure the current user
view/edit/delete the AND/O
3.

AND/O
4.

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Persistency - RDBMS - JDBC

Static View: Persistency JDBC

For JDBC, a client will work with a DBClass to read and write persistent data.
The DBClass is responsible for accesing the JDBC database using the
DriverManager class. Once a database connection is opened, the DBClass
can then create SQL statements that will be sent to the underlying RDBMS
and executed using the Statement class. The results of the SQL query is
returned in a ResultSet class object.

<<role>>
PersistentClassList
(from SamplePersistentClass)
<<role>>
PersistencyClient
(from SamplePersistency Client) + new()
+ add(c : PersistentClass)
1
0..*
<<role>>
<<role>>
PersistentClass
DBClass
(from SamplePersistentClass)

+ create() : PersistentClass + getData()

+ read(searchCriteria : string) : PersistentClassList + setData()
+ update(c : PersistentClass) + command()
+ delete(c : PersistentClass) + new()
1

DriverManager
1 (from java.sql)

Connection
(from java.sql) + getConnection()

+ createSt atement ()

Statement
(from java.sql)

+ executeQuery()
Result Set
(from java.sql)
+ executeUpdate()

+ get String()

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Class Descriptions
PersistencyClient : An example of a client of a persistent class.

PersistentClass : An example of a class that's persistent.

PersistentClassList :

Statement : The class used for executing a static SQL statement and obtaining the results produced by it.
SQL statements without parameters are normally executed using Statement objects.

DBClass : A sample of a class that would be responsible for making another class persistent.
Every Class that's persistent will have a corresponding DBClass (e.g., Student will have a DBStudent
class).

With an RDBMS, you need a mapping of objects/classes to tables, and you must recreate the
(association/aggregation) structures. DBClass is a database interface class which understands the OO-to-
RDBMS mapping and has the behavior to interface with the RDBMS. This database interface class is used
whenever a persistent class needs to be created, accessed, or deleted. The database interface class flattens
the object and writes it to the RDBMS and reads the object data from the RDBMS and builds the object.

Connection : A connection (session) with a specific database. Within the context of a Connection, SQL
statements are executed, and results are returned.

ResultSet : A ResultSet provides access to a table of data. A ResultSet object is usually generated by
executing a Statement.

DriverManager : The basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers.

Dynamic View: JDBC RDBMS Read

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Dynamic View: JDBC RDBMS Update

JDBC RDBMS

: : DBClass : : Connection : Statement

PersistencyClien PersistentClas

1. Retrieve the data to be

1.1. getData( ) written to the database,
so it can be

1.2. createStatement(
execute SQL
statement
1.3.

To update a class, the client asks the DBClass to update. The DBClass retriev
from the existing PersistentClass object, and creates a new Statement using
connection class createStatement() operation. Once the Statement is built, the
executed, and the database is updated with the new data from the

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Dynamic View: JDBC RDBMS Create

JDBC RDBMS Create

: : DBClass : : Connect ion : Statement

PersistencyClient PersistentClass

1. create( )
1.1. new( )

1.2. getData( )

1.3. createStatement( )

1.4. executeUpdate(string)

To create a new class, the client asks the DBClass to create the new class. The
DBClass creates a new instance of Persistent Class with default values. The
DBClass then creates a new Statement using the Connection class
createStatement() operation. The statement is executed and the data is inserted
into the database.

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Dynamic View: JDBC RDBMS Delete

JDBC RDBMS Delete

: : DBClass : Connec tion : Stat ement

PersistencyClient

1. delete(PersistentClass)

1.1. createStat ement( )

execute SQL
statement
1.2. executeUpdate(string)

To delete a class, the client asks the DBClass to delete a specific

class instance. The DBClass creates a new statement using the
Connection class createStatement() operation and formulates the
correct SQL statement for the object instance that's passed in. The
statement is executed and the data is removed from the database.

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Section 3: Payroll Architecture Handbook

Dynamic View: JDBC RDBMS Initialize

JDBC RDBMS Initializ e

: DBClass :
DriverManager

1. getConnection(url, user, pass)

To initialize the connection, the DBClass must load the

appropriate driver by calling the DriverManager
getConnection() operation with a URL, user, and password.

getConnection() attempts to establish a connection to the

given database URL. The DriverManager attempts to select
an appropriate driver from the set of registered JDBC
drivers.

Parameters:
url - A database url of the form jdbc:subprotocol:subname
user - The database user on whose behalf the Connection
is being made
password - The user's password

Returns a Connection to the URL

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Persistency - OODBMS - ObjectStore

Static View: Persistency – ObjectStore OODBMS

Clients interface with the SampleDBManager class, which cont rols

<<role>> ac cess to PersistentClas s object s in the database. The
PersistencyClient SampleDBManager also cont rols user access, registration, and
(from SamplePersistency Client) session management. The SampleDBManager might run as an
applicat ion server that operates behind a web s erver and provides
ac cess to the database.
0..*
To access a persist ent object, the client work s with the
1
SampleDBManager c lass. The client can creat e a new instance of
<<role>> t he PersistentClas s wit h t he " newPersist entClass( )" operat ion, or
SampleDBManager invok e a command on the P ersist entClass with a "c ommand( )"
operat ion. In a real application, t he " command( )" operation would be
replaced with operations from t he Persis tent Class.
+ initialize()
+ command() The client is responsible for initializing and s hutt ing down the
+ shutdown() database through the SampleDBManager class, however the client
+ newP ersis tentClass () does not need t o be aware of any of the details of the Object Store
+ removePers istentClass() database.
+ get Pers istentClassData()
In the context of the ObjectStore database, the Pers ist entClass is
considered the "root class". If there were other root classes, there
would be addit ional clas ses with associat ion relat ionships with the
SampleDBManager.
<<role>>
PersistentClass
(from SamplePersistentClass)
From the ObjectSt ore manual: " Objects become persis tent when
t hey are referenced by other persis tent object s. The applicat ion
defines persist ent roots and when it c ommits a t ransaction,
+ getData()
PSE/PSE Pro finds all object s reachable from pers ist ent roots and
+ setData()
stores t hem in t he database.
+ command()
This is called persis tence by reachability and it helps to preserve the
+ new()
automatic s torage management semant ic s of Java. "

You define the Persistent Class for persis tent use the same way you
define it for transient use. Ot her than t he required import com.odi.*
statement, there is almost no special code for pers ist ent use of the
Persis tent Class.

Class Descriptions
PersistencyClient : An example of a client of a persistent class.

SampleDBManager : Responsible for providing access to the persistent objects.

The SampleDBManager is an example of a class an ObjectStore user would write. It is a control class that
provides a single entry point into a specific ObjectStore database. The user would add the appropriate
operations to the class to access entities in the database. It is often implemented as a singleton, but doesn't
have to be (if an application needs to have multiple instances of a database open at once, then each instance
would have its own SampleDBManager). Both solutions would work, it just depends on how you want to
do it.

PersistentClass : An example of a class that's persistent.

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Static View: Persistency - DBManager Detail

The DBManager class contains most of the database-specific

code, such as starting and ending transactions. There are no
DBManager objects stored in the database, which means that the
DBManager class is not required to be persistence-capable.

The SampleDBManager class has a static members that keep

track of the database that is open. It also has a number of
static methods, each of which executes a transaction in the ObjectStore
database.

<<role>>
SampleDBManager

+ initialize()
+ command()
+ shutdown()
+ newPersistentClass() : PersistentClass
1
+ removePersistentClass(theClass : PersistentClass)
+ getPersistentClassData() : PersistentClass
Session
1 Object St ore
(from com.odi)
1 1 1 (from com.odi)
1
1
+ create()
+ destroy(object : Object)
+ join()
+ terminate() 0..*
1 Transaction
Map (from com.odi)

(f ro m c om.od i)
+ begin()
+ put(name : string, object : Object) + commit(retain : int)
+ get(name : string) : Object
+ remove(name : string) 1
+ new()
Database
(from com.odi)

You do not have to use the Map + open()

class as the collection. You can + create()
use any number of collections + createRoot(name : string, object : Object)
that ObjectStore provides, or you + close()
can define your own. We have
chosen to use the Map.

Class Descriptions
Session : The class that represents a database session. A session must be created in order to access the
database and any persistent data.

A session is the context in which PSE/PSE Pro databases are created or opened, and transactions can be
executed. Only one transaction at a time can exist in a session.

Map : A persistent map container classes that stores key/value pairs.

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Database : The Database class represents an ObjectStore database.

Before you begin creating persistent objects, you must create a database to hold the objects. In subsequent
processes, you open the database to allow the process to read or modify the objects. To create a database,
you call the static create() method on the Database class and specify the database name and an access
mode.

Transaction : An ObjectStore transaction. Manages a logical unit of work. All persistent objects must be
accessed within a transaction.

ObjectStore : Defines system-level operations that are not specific to any database.

SampleDBManager : Responsible for providing access to the persistent objects.

The SampleDBManager is an example of a class an ObjectStore user would write. It is a control class that
provides a single entry point into a specific ObjectStore database. The user would add the appropriate
operations to the class to access entities in the database. It is often implemented as a singleton, but doesn't
have to be (if an application needs to have multiple instances of a database open at once, then each instance
would have it's own SampleDBManager). Both solutions would work, it just depends on how you want to
do it.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore – OODBMS Create

ObjectStore OODBMS Create

: : : Transaction : DatabaseRoot :
PersistencyClient SampleDBManager PersistentClass Map

1. newPersistentClass( )
1.1. begin( ) constructor
call
The root is
1.2. new( ) the entry
point into the
Database.
1.3. put(string, Object)

1.4. commit(int)
Pass in the unique key for the
PersistentClass and the
PersistentClass.
The PersistentClass will be stored in
the Map, and subsequently, in the
ObjectStore Database.

To create a new instance of PersistentClass in the database, the SampleDBManager

first creates a transaction and then calls the constructor for PersistentClass. Once
the class has been constructed the class is added to the database via the root
"put()" operation. The transaction is then committed.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore OODBMS Delete

ObjectStore OODBMS Delete

: : : Transaction DatabaseRoot : : : ObjectStore

PersistencyClient SampleDBManager Map PersistentClass
Retrieve the instance
to be removed, The root is
1. removePersistentClass(PersistentClass) passing in the unique the entry
id of the point int o t he
1.1. begin( ) PersistentClass to be Dat abase.
deleted
If the instance to be
deleted has constituent
1.2. get(string)
parts (i.e., there's a
composition between
their associated 1.3. get Data( )
classes), those parts
must be retrieved and Once the "part s"
1.4. remove(string)
manually deleted. This have been
is necessary as it is not removed, remove
always the case that the t he original class
parts are removed with
the whole (only with 1.5. destroy(Object)
composition are the
lifetimes coincident).
1.6. commit Completely remove the instance
from the ObjectStore database.
this syncs up the cache and the
physical database.
This forces the delete to happen
right away, as opposed to being
cached (you don't want
something else to link to an
object that is to be deleted).

To delete an object from the database, the SampleDBManager first creates a new transaction,
removes any constituent parts, and then removes the object using the database root "remove()"
operation. The object is then completely removed from the ObjectStore database immediately via
ObjectStore.destry (). Once the object has been removed, the transaction is committed.

Thus, in ObjectStore, delete really has two steps -- removal from the container class that is the
database in memory, and removal from the physical database. that is because you want the deletion
to occur right away, as opposed to being cached.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore OODBMS Read

ObjectStore OODBMS Read

: : : Transaction : DatabaseRoot :
PersistencyClient SampleDBManager PersistentClass Map

The root is
1. getPersistentClassData( ) the entry
Find the object in point int o t he
1.1. begin( )
the database; pass Databas e.
in the unique key
St art a read-only
t ransaction to ensure
t hat t he object isn't 1.2. get(string)
c hanged while we're
reading it
1.3. getData(String)

1.4. commit(RETAIN_HOLLOW)
Read the dat a from
returned object
Specify the object
RETAIN_HOLLOW option
on the commit(), so that the
references to the retrieved
data can be used outside of
the transaction.

To read an object , the SampleDBManager first creates a new read-only transaction then looks
up the object using the Map "get()" operation. Once the object has been found it can be read with
the "getData()" operation, and the transaction committed. RETAIN_HOLLOW is specified for the
commit,. so the references to the object and the retrieved data can be used outside of the
retrieval transaction. Once the transaction is committed the object can then be updated.

Note: Even though RETAIN_HOLLOW is specified, it does not guarantee the integrity of the
reference outside of the transaction. There is still some risk that the reference could be outdated.
RETAIN_HOLLOW basically says "I'm consciously taking such a risk". If that option was not
used, then the references would not be available.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore OODBMS Update

ObjectStore OODBMS Update

: : : Transaction DatabaseRoot : :
PersistencyClient SampleDBManager Map PersistentClass

1. command( ) The root is

the entry
1.1. begin( ) point into the
Database.
Find the object in the
database; pass in the
unique key 1.2. get(string)
Invoke the object
command
1.3. command( )

1.4. commit

To update an object , t he SampleDBManager first creates a new

t ransaction then looks up t he object using t he Map "get ()" operation.
Once the object has been found a command c an be invoked on it .
W hen the command is complete t he t rans action is committ ed.

A separate put () t o t he Map is not necessary as the get () operat ion

ret urns a reference t o t he persist ent object and any c hanges to that
objec t, if made in t he contex t of a t ransaction, are automatically
c ommitted t o t he database.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore OODBMS Initialize

Object Store OODBMS Initializ e

: : : Session : Database : Transact ion DatabaseRoot :

PersistencyClient SampleDBManager Map

1. initializ e( )
1.1. create( )
The root is the entry point into the
Database. It is a "special" data
1.2. join( ) structure. Any changes to this
data structure that occur within the
context of a transaction will be
applied to the associated
1.3. create( ) ObjectStore Database.

1.4. begin( )
Pass in the
name of the
Map, as well 1.5. new( )
as the Map
itself (the map 1.6. createRoot(string, Object) Create the Map that will
is an Object). serve as the database
root.
1.7. commit ()

Once the session has been c reated and joined, t he SampleDBManager must open and create the new
database.

To create the database, the SampleDB Manager creates a new transac tion and creates the "root" of t he
database with the "createRoot()" operation.

The root is the entry point into the Database (the root class is the top-level class in t he object databas e).
It is a "special" data st ructure (in the above example, a Map that contains instanc es of the root class and
all “reachable” c lasses). Any changes to this data struct ure that occur within t he c ontext of a trans action
will be applied to the associated ObjectStore Database. There may be multiple database root s.

Once the root has been c reated, the t ransaction is committed.

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Dynamic View: ObjectStore OODBMS Shutdown

ObjectSt ore OODBMS Shutdown

: : : Database : Sess ion

PersistencyClient SampleDBManager

1. shutdown( )

1.1. c lose( )

1.2. terminate( )

To shutdown the database, the SampleDBManager must

close the database and terminate the session.

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Distribution - RMI

Static View: Distribution - RMI

Class Descriptions
Naming. :
* This is the bootstrap mechanism for obtaining references to remote
* objects based on Uniform Resource Locator (URL) syntax. The URL
* for a remote object is specified using the usual host, port and
* name:
*<br> rmi://host:port/name
*<br> host = host name of registry (defaults to current host)
*<br> port = port number of registry (defaults to the registry port number)
*<br> name = name for remote object

SampleDistributedClass : An example of a class that's distributed.

Remote :
* The Remote interface serves to identify all remote objects.
* Any object that is a remote object must directly or indirectly implement
* this interface. Only those methods specified in a remote interface are
* available remotely. <p>
* Implementation classes can implement any number of remote interfaces
* and can extend other remote implementation classes.

For all classes that realize the Remote interface, a remote stub and a remote skeleton are created. These
classes handle the communication that must occur to support distribution.

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SampleDistributedClassClient : An example of a client of a distributed class.

SamplePassedData : An example of data that is passed to/from a distributed class.

UnicastRemoteObject :

ISampleDistributedClassInterface : An example of an interface defined for a distributed class.

Serializable : Any Java class that you want to pass as an argument to an operation on a remote interface
must realize the Serializable interface.

Dynamic View: Set Up Remote Connection (details)

The Remote Stub and Remote Skeleton replace the

original class that was distributed.

DistributionClient : : Naming. Remote Stub Remot e

SampleDistributedClassClient Skeleton

Lookup remote object by

specifying it's URL. This
returns a reference to the
1. lookup(String) remote object interface.

2. doSomething

2.1. doSomething

All calls to the distributed class are forwarded

to the remote skeleton.

This diagram describes what happens “under the hood”, but in

reality, you don’t really need to model the RemoteStub and
RemoteSkeleton as these are autogenerated by tools from Sun.

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Dynamic View: Set Up Remote Connection

: : Naming. : :
SampleDistributedClassClient ISampleDist ributedClassInt erface SampleDistributedClass

Lookup remote object by

specifying it's URL. This
ret urns a reference to the
1. lookup(String) remote object interface.

2. doSomething

2.1. doSomething

All calls t o t he dist ributed class

int erface are forwarded t o t he actual
dist ribut ed class

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Logical View
Architectural Analysis

Upper-Level Layers
- Application layer
- Business Services layer
Upper-Level Layer Dependencies
- The Application layer depends on the Business Services layer
Architectural Design

Incorporating ObjectStore
For the Payroll System, a single root class has been chosen -- Employee.

The selected container is the Map, where the unique key to access the Employees is EmployeeID.

There is one DBManager class per ObjectStore database instance. For the Payroll System, there is one ObjectStore
database, the Payroll Database, that contains employee information, including timecard, purchase order, and
paycheck information. Thus, there is one PayrollDBManager that exists in the new OODBMS Support package.

For the ObjectStore persistency mechanism, the DBManager class includes operations to access the OODBMS
persistent entities in the database. For the PayrollDBManager class, operations have been added to access
Employee, Timecard, Purchase Order, and Paycheck information since that is required for the core system
functionality.

During Identify Design Mechanisms, the architect provides guidance to the designers and makes sure that the
architecture has the necessary infrastructure to support the mechanism. Thus, the PayrollDBManager and the
supporting architectural packages and relationships (OODBMS Support) have been defined in Identify Design
Mechanisms. However, the development of the interaction diagrams that describe these operations and where they
fit into the existing use-case realizations has been deferred until detailed design (e.g., Use-Case and Subsystem
Design).

The following diagram demonstrates the operations that have been defined for the PayrollDBManager during
Identify Design Mechanisms:

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Architectural Layers and Their Dependencies: Main Diagram

<<layer>>
Application

<<layer>>
Business
Services

<<layer>>
Middleware

Base Reuse

global

Layer Descriptions

Application Layer: The Application layer contains application-specific design elements.

Business Services Layer: The Business Services layer contains business-specific elements that are used in
several applications.

Base Reuse : Basic reusable design elements.

Middleware Layer: Provides utilities and platform-independent services.

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Packages and Their Dependencies: Package Dependencies Diagram

Administration Employee
Payroll
(from Application) Activities
(from Application)
(from Application)

<<subsystem>>
BankSystem
(from Business Services)
<<subsystem>>
PrintService
(from Business Services)

<<subsystem>>
ProjectManagementData
External System b ase
Interfaces (from Business Services)
(from Business Services)

When the OODBMS

mechanism is incorporated,
the dependency to
ObjectStore Support will be
added
ObjectStore Support
(from Business Services)

Payroll Artifacts
(from Business Services)

GUI Framework
(from Security)

Security
(from Business Services)

<<subsystem>>
Secure When the RDBMS
Security Manager
Interfaces mechanism is incorporated,
(from Security) the dependency to java.sql
(from Security)
will be added

com.odi java.sql
java.rmi java.awt (from Middleware) (from Middleware)
(from (from Middleware)
Middl )

Base Reuse
java.lang
global (from Middleware)

Package Descriptions

Employee Activities : Contains the design elements that support the Employee's applications.

Administration : Contains the design elements that support the Payroll Administrator's applications.

Payroll : Contains the design elements that support the execution of the payroll processing.

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Payroll Artifacts : Contains the core payroll abstractions.

BankSystem Subsystem: Encapsulates communication with all external bank systems.

External System Interfaces : Contains the interfaces that support access to external systems. This is so
that the external system interface classes can be version controlled independently from the subsystems that
realize them.

PrintService Subsystem: Provides utilities to produce hard-copy.

ProjectManagementDatabase Subsystem: Encapsulates the interface to the legacy database containing

information regarding projects and charge numbers.

java.awt : The java.awt package contains the basic GUI design elements for java.

com.odi : The com.odi package contains the design elements that support the OODBMS persistency
mechanism. The name of the package in the model reflects the naming convention for 3rd party Java
software. The convention is to use the reverse of the domain name, so if Rational had a Java package called
"util" they’d call it "com.rational.util". This com.odi has nothing to do with Microsoft COM/DCOM; they
are totally separate. There is nothing COM/DCOM related when using CORBA, RMI, or ObjectStore.

Base Reuse : Basic reusable design elements.

java.lang : The package contains some basic java design elements.

Security : Contains design elements that implement the security mechanism.

GUI Framework : This package comprises a whole framework for user interface management.

It has a ViewHandler that manages the opening and closing of windows, plus window-to-window
communication so that windows do not need to depend directly upon each other.

This framework is security-aware, it has a login window that will create a server-resident user context
object. The ViewHandler class manages a handle to the user context object.

The ViewHandler also starts up the controller classes for each use case manager.

Secure Interfaces : Contains the interfaces that provide clients access to security services.

Security Manager Subsystem: Provides the implementation for the core security services.

ObjectStore Support : Contains the business-specific design elements that support the OODBMS
persistency mechanism. This includes the DBManager. The DBManager class must contain operations for
every OODBMS persistent class.

java.rmi : The java.rmi package contains the classes that implement the RMI distribution mechanism. This
package is commercially available with most standard JAVA IDEs.

java.sql : The package that contains the design elements that support RDBMS persistency.

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Process View
Processes
The processes for the Payroll System will be the following:

One process per major interface or family of forms (e.g. EmployeeApplication):

- EmployeeApplication: Controls the interface of the Employee application. Controls the family of forms that the
employee uses.
There is one process per major interface because these are now seen as separate, mutually exclusive applications that
will run concurrently with each other.

One process per business service controller:

- PayrollControllerProcess
- TimecardControllerProcess
There is one process per controller because these activities will need to run concurrently with each other.

One process per external system:

- ProjectManagementDBAccess
- BankSystemAccess
- PrinterAccess
There is one process per external system. These processes manage access to those systems. Such access may be
slow, so this allows other functionality to continue while the external system processes wait on the external system.
These processes also synchronize access to the external systems from the other system processes.

To further improve throughput and turnaround, a Bank Transaction thread was defined to allow multiple accesses to
the Bank System to occur concurrently. Each time a transaction needs to be sent to the Bank System, a different
thread is used. The Bank Transaction thread will run in the context of the Bank System Access process.

In general, the above processes and threads were defined to support faster response times and take advantage of
multiple processors.
Design Element to Process Mapping
- The classes associated with the individual user interfaces should be mapped to those processes.
- The classes associated with the individual business services should be mapped to those processes.
- The classes associated with access to the external systems should be mapped to those processes.
Deployment View
Nodes and Connections
The nodes of the physical architecture for the Payroll System are the following:
- Desktop PCs (processors)
- Payroll Server (processor)
- Bank System (processor)
- Project Management Database (processor)
- Printers (devices)

- The Desktop PCs are connected to the Payroll Server via the Company LAN
- The Printers are connected to the Payroll Server via the Company LAN
- The Payroll Server is connected to the external Bank System via the Internet.
- The Payroll Server is connected to the ProjectManagementDatabase via the Company LAN
Process-to-Node Map
The following processes run on the Desktop PCs:
- EmployeeApplication

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The following processes run on the Payroll Server:

- PayrollControllerProcess
- TimecardControllerProcess
- ProjectManagementDBAccess
- BankSystemAccess
- PrinterAccess

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