The Experiences of The Students During Earthquake
The Experiences of The Students During Earthquake
By
Emielyn M. Bautista
Ri ann G. Tabugoc
March 2020
Abstract
Earthquake is one of the most destructive natural calamities which causes sudden shaking
of the earth surface. It not only causes damage to buildings and other structures but also affects
the surrounding environment and our lifestyle significantly. An earthquake can trigger many
sudden changes in the environment which can be classified as primary example, the subsidence,
the surface faulting and the secondary effects like the displaced rocks, tsunami, ground cracks,
liquefactions, and the landslides. These effects are known as earthquake environmental effects or
(EEE). The scales which use these effects of an earthquake as a parameter for assessment are
known as Earthquake Intensity Scales. These scales quantify an earthquake based on the
observed effects on the surroundings. All such scales come along with different guidelines and
parameters. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. The
intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement
of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally - total destruction. This scale, composed of
increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic destruction, is
designated by Roman numerals. It does not have a mathematical basis; instead it is an arbitrary
ranking based on observed effects. In this Research paper, a review has been made on the
different experiences of a students of Makilala National High School during earthquake that
happened last October 2019. This study, tackles on the different attitude of students during
earthquake and how students overcomes and face their fears, worries and even shocks during
CHAPTER I
Introduction
waves through Earth’s rocks. Earthquake occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zone
During the month of October 2019 the province of North Cotabato experienced an
Earthquake that cause many people to panic and scared for their lives and also to their families.
That day was a traumatic experience that every students of Makilala National High School had
felt. The Mayor of Makilala declared a suspension of classes in any levels due to the dangerous
building.
Tulunan, Cotabato. It brings damages in any establishment in every area in North Cotabato.
Many people were affected, especially to those who are located on the Mountain area.
Based on the study of Aydin and Coskun (2010), the 7 th grade students in Turkey defined
Earthquake as the destruction of the building and the death of people.
As the researchers, we promise to do our best to study our topic and to gather more
We conduct this research to know the different challenges of the students that they
encountered during the Earthquake and how they overcome that experience.
Research Questions
This study aims to know the experience of the students during Earthquake only, but not
concerned any experiences to those people who are not students. Senior High Students of
Makilala National High School are the respondents of this study. It’s stated here in the research
paper about their experiences and how they overcome those experience. This study started on
struck in the month of October 2019.This study will serve a guide of the future researchers.
Teachers: This serves as a guide for the teacher on how to handle their students during
Earthquake.
Students: The study will be beneficial to the students for them to know how to handle their
General leader: This study is beneficial for those general leader to be ready anytime and to be
inform on what to do if they encounter this natural calamity.
CHAPTER II
occurred on 17 August 1999. There were 639 renal victims of whom 477 needed some form of
renal replacement therapy. Although several medical complications have been reported in the
literature, there has been no detailed description of infections in patients with crush syndrome
after earthquake.
On April 6 th 2009, the town of L'Aquila, Italy was struck by an earthquake, 475 students
(203 women and 275 men) attending the last year of High School in L'Aquila were assessed by:
According to Karakaya and Coskun (2004) he stated that 334 of students were selected
from secondary schools located within Kocaili province in Turkey found that 1.8℅ had very
severe, 20.4℅ had severe, 38.3℅ had moderate and 36.2℅ had mild symptoms of Posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) and that 22.2℅ had probable PTSD and 30.8℅ had probable depression
diagnosis.
An earthquake measuring magnitude 6.9 rocked at Southern Philippines on Sunday
afternoon, causing scenes of panic and killing at least one child and injuring a least of 15 others,
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is one of the effect that many students in the other country had
CHAPTER III
Research Design
structures of consciousness as experienced from the first person point of view. This type of
Sampling Procedure
participants we already know so that we will not have difficulty in communicating and collecting
data.
Research Instruments
This method used questionnaires and interviews. The tools that are used by the researchers
are discussed. The questionnaires are the main gathering instruments of this study. The method
Research Procedure
• Interviewing
• Collecting data
• Transcribing
• Coding
• Translating
CHAPTER IV
Table 1: This table shows the experiences of the Senior High School students in Makilala
Cry -cried
Worried -worry
Nervous -nervous
Cry
“Kung naa lang gni sa punto pwede muhilak nalang ko” (RQ1P1A1)
(I cried)
“I felt nervous so naghilak” (RQ1P5A1)
According to Pynoos and Geonjian (1993) found that children who suffered more in the
quake demonstrated more severe and violent reaction. It has been maintained that girls started
crying during the earthquake while boy rushed out or ran toward a particular person.
Worried
“Mabalaka mi kung na unsa sila didto kay basig kanang unsay nay may nahitabo sa ilaha”
(RQ1P2A1)
In light of children’s need for the security of adult protection, children often exhibit
heightened fear about being separated from their parents and concern about the safety of their
parents. As a result, there are high demands on parents to be supportive and available to their
children at the time they themselves are likely to be worried, sleep-deprived, and struggling to
Nervous
“Feel nervous kay ano kay ang una namong naiisip is family” (RQ1P2A1)
(Feel nervous because our first thought is our family)
“I felt nervous”RQ1P5A1
(I felt nervous)
This study reports the clinical psychiatric presentation and posttraumatic symptoms
among 525 survivor who sought psychiatric service in the first month following the devastating
earthquake that struck the central area of Taiwan. The most common psychiatric symptoms
reported were insomnia, palpitations, nervousness and dizziness with headache. (Chen and Yeh,
2001)
Table 2: This table shows the coping strategies of the Senior High School student of Makilala
Praying -pray
Assistance -classmates
-parents
Praying
(I just pray)
“Keep calm lang then keep praying for our Almighty God” (RQ2P5A1)
powerful tool for navigating the unknown. Prayer, in particular, can help people cope with and
overcome the worries and fears that can be crippling in a world plague by various problem and
Assistance
“Ang akong mga ginikanan jud ang una gud na nagpakalma sa akoa para dili nako makulbaan”
(RQ2P1A2)
(My parents were the first to calm me down so that I could not feel nervous)
“Naay ni ano na classmate nako “ uyy, dali na” gigunitan pud ko niya” (RQ2P4A2)
(My classmate said this to me “Hey, come on” and then hold me)
Roles and routines coping assistance was reported most frequently followed by
Distraction and Emotional Processing. Coping assistance from parents and friends was reported
more frequently than from teacher. Third graders reported significantly more Emotional
Processing from parents and friends than fourth and fifth graders; no sex effect were found. As
expected, children with more severe levels of PTSD symptomatology reported more Emotional
Processing and Distraction coping assistance. (Prinstein and Vernberg, 1996)
CHAPTER V
Summary
During the month of October, there’s a lot of unexpected event that people didn’t expect to
happen in the Municipality of Makilala. The strong earthquake struck in the middle of the
peaceful living of the people in Makilala, that brings a traumatic memories to those who is more
affected. We interviewed some Senior High Students of Makilala National High School and as
expected they encountered difficulties on how to overcome or surpass that unexpected events in
their lives. During that time their crying, worrying and felt nervous for their life as the ground
start shaking. Most of the students started praying for their life and for the safety of their
families. Their classmates and parents help them to calm down and help them to overcome that
terrible experience that they encountered. That was a terrifying incident that happen in their life.
Conclusion
The researchers therefore conclude that the Earthquake occurred during the month of
October in Makilala brings a trauma and panic to every people living in Municipality of
Makilala. The researchers also believe that Senior High Student of Makilala National High
School are prepared and brave enough for their lives after that strong earthquake. They
experienced difficulties in overcoming their unforgettable event in their lives but they remain
Recommendations
The researchers recommends that every students should be aware, educated and prepared
in any kinds of calamities, parents should guide his/her child and teachers should know how to
handle his/her students. The researchers also recommends that when we encountered calamities
we should not forget to call the name of Jesus for He is our savior.
Implications
fires, damage to bridges and highways, initiation of slope failures, liquefaction, and tsunami. The
types of impacts depend to a large degree on where the earthquake is located: whether it is
During the natural calamity like earthquake if people are not well- educated on how to
react or protect theirselves when its happens it may cause them to panic which is more dangerous
to them.
References
Aydin and Coskun (2010). Observation of the students “ earthquake “perception by means of
phenomenographic analysis (Primary education 7th grade- Turkey. International Journal of the
Bedriye (2014). Pynoos and Geonjian (1993). Determination and evaluation of effects of
earthquake on school age children (6-12 years old) behaviour Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Bolt (2020). What is an Earthquake. Earthquake | definition, causes, effect & fact | Britannica.
Carmassi and Conversano (2011). Impact of traumatic loss on posttraumatic spectrum symptoms
in high school students after that L’Aquila 2009 earthquake in Italy. Journal of affective disorder
Chen and Yeh (2001). Psychiatric morbidity and posttraumatic symptoms among survivors in the
early stage following the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatry research 105 (1-2), 13-22,
2001.
G. Margolin (2010). Earthquakes and children:The role of Psychologist with Families and
Communities.
Karakaya and Coskun (2004). The symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety in adolescents
students three and a half years after the Marmara earthquake. Turkey psikiyatri dergisi=Turkish
Keven and Sever (2003). Infections complications after mass disasters:the Marmara earthquake
Prinstein and Vernberg (1996). Children’s coping assistance:How parents, teachers, and friends
help children cope after a natural disaster. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 25 (4), 463-475,
1996. PHIVOLCS
Participant 1
Interviewer: Good morning Ma’am! ako diay si Emielyn Bautista ug kini akong mga kauban na sila ako diay si Charie ug ako si Karyl kam kami ang researcher sa
Grade 11 HUMSS na naga conduct ug study sa mga students experiences during earthquake ug isa ka sa mga napili namo na respondents sa among research. Naa mey
ihatag na mga pangutana sa imuha na imuhang answeran ug kini siya naay mga sub-question. So ma’am tanan man jud ta nakasinati atong linog nu akong pangutana sa
Respondent: So tanan gani ta nakasinati atong linog pero kato nga time tung kusog gud kaayo na linog kay naa man jud ko ato sa balay tapos pagkahuman naglinog
najud syempre nalibog ko kung asa ko padulong naratol nako kung naa lang gani sa punto pwede muhilak nalang ko kay nakulbaan naman gud ko asa ko paingon ,
ginapangita nako akong mga ginikanan kung asa pud sila kay naa naman ko ato sa balay so kulba kaayo to atong panahona.
Respondent: Pareha lang gihapon atong kaganina nakulbaan ko tapos naratol ko kung asa jud ko paingon kay ambot lang murag basta naglibog jud ko ato.
Respondent: So pag gikan ko sa sulod niadto lang ko sa gawas tapos pagkahuman kay gi nag nakit-an naman nako ang akong pam nakit-an naman nako akong mama
ug papa so mao to murag nakalma nalang gud ko nakalma nagud ko then mao nato nag ano nalang me naglingkod nalang meng tanan tapos gihulat nalang namo na
murag na basin muundang tapos naglingkod me muo to nakalma nami muo to nakalingkawas nami sa ano sa kahadlok ana lang.
Interviewer: Kinalasang pangutana ma’am “kadtong panahona naa bay nitabang sa imuha”?
Respondent: Ahhm sa kato naa man ko sa balay syempre ang akong mga ginikanan jud ang una gud na nagpakalma sa akoa para dili nako makulbaan atong linog tapos
sabay nami ato paggawas sa gawas then didto nami naglingkod muo lang.
Participant 2
Interviewer: Maayong udto ma’am ako diay si Emielyn Bautista ug kini akong mga kauban na sila Charie Angel Dionola, Karyl Mae Sumalinog Adlaon kami ang
researcher sa grade 11 HUMSS ug naga conduct me'g study about sa Students experience during earthquake ug isa ka sa mga napili namo na respondents sa among
research. Naa me mga pangutana sa imo na imong answeran ug kini siya naay mga sub-question so pwede nimo siya answeran sa bisag unsa na language.
Interviewer: Ang una namong pangutana sa imuha ma’am “unsa imong mga nasinatian atong paglinog?
Respondent: Ahm… ang akong nasinatian atong paglinog is kanang una-unahan kay ano feel nervous kay ano kay ang una namong naisip is family nasa bukid then ano
mabalaka me kung naunsa sila didto kay basig kanang unsay nay may nahitabo sa ilaha.
Respondent: Ahm.. akong gibuhat atong paglinog is naghilak, naghilak ko unya then tsk kanang kuan wala naghilak lang.
Respondent: Ahm.. nakalingkawas ko atong nasinatian kay kanang ge ano nalang nako, murag ge ampo nalang nako to na unta malampasan to na mga trials kay..
(nikatawa)
Respondent: Ahm naa.. si Mike kato man gud na time is naa ta diri sa naa ko diri sa eskwelahan….. kato man gud na time is katong naa me sa naa ta sa ay kami diay
naa me sa room na time then wala lang mi kabalo ato wala mi nag expect na maglinog kuan (nikatawa)…kanang nikalit lang linog then na shock mi tanan nya di man
Participant 3
Interviewer: Maayong udto ma’am ako diay si Charie Angel Dionola ug akong mga kauban kay sila Emielyn Bautista ug ako si Karyl Mae Adlaon kami ang researcher
sa Grade 11 HUMSS ug naga conduct me'g study tungkol sa Students experiences during earthquake ug isa ka sa mga napili namo nga respondents sa among research
naa mi ihatag na pangutana sa imuha na imuhang answeran ug kini siya naay mga sub-question, simple lang kay ni siya ma’am, pwede ka mag bisaya anything na asa
ka komportable.
Respondent: Kuan kanang nahadlok ko, nya syempre naa gud ta sa skwelahan, nya nabalaka ko sa akong mga ginikanan kay naa sila sa bukid, nya ako pud kanang
naglagyo-lagyo mi, nya akong ate kay naa didto sa Magpet unya ako…basta naglagyo-lagyo mi, nya nahadlok jud kug maayo ato, nabalaka.
Interviewer: Sa ika duha nakong pangutana nimo ma’am , “gi unsa nimo paglingkawas sa imong nasinatian”?
Respondent: Kuan kanang kay nabalaka man ko nu? So ako nalang gibuhat is kanang nag ampo nalang ko nga unta safety lang sila, akong mga ginikanan didto ug
akong ate, mao lang to. Unya kanang amoang kanang kuan kanang pag uli namo is safety lang proteksyunan mi mao to nag ampo lang jud ko.
Interviewer: Sa last na ni nakong pangutana nimo ma’am, “katong panahona naa bay nitabang nimo”?
Respondent: Ah naa mga kuan mga classmate nako ana kato pong uban mga classmate nako gitabangan ko nila kay kuan kanang na ano man gud ko ato na… na…
natumba pud ko ato so ang uban nakong classmate gitabangan ko nila pagtindog, nya nay uban naghilak, gipang tabangan pud nila.
Interviewer: Salamat kaayo sa pag ay pag sa paghatag ug impormasyon ma’am mubalik lang mi kung naa mi dungag pangutana sa imuha, salamat kaayo.
Participant 4
Interviewer: Maayong udto ma’am ako diay si Charie Angel Dionola ug akong mga kauban kay sila ano Emielyn Bautista, Karyl Mae Adlawa kami ang researcher sa
Grade 11 HUMSS na naga conduct ug study sa mga students experiences during earthquake ug isa ka sa mga napili namo nga respondents para sa among research naa
mi ihatag na mga ihatag na mga pangutana sa imuha na imuhang answeran ug kini sya naay mga sub-question so kini among mga pangutana ma’am pwede nimo
Interviewer: Sa first nako na question sa imuha ma’am, “unsa imo mga nasinatian atong paglinog”?
Respondent: Ah katong paglinog akong nasinatian syempre kulba jud kaayo eh, kamo daw ma ing-ato, kulba jud eh ug kanang wala ko nag expect na muabot diay to
satong kinabuhi tong atong na time, diba wala may makabalo sa linog kung kanus-a muabot, so nakulbaan jud kug taman ato. Wala ko kabalo unsa akong buhaton,
kinsa bay kabalo unsa imong buhaton kung naay linog. Wala ko kabalo aha ko mudagan syempre maka huna-huna pud ka sa imong last sa imong kinabuhi kung unsa
ba dira, dira naba ka last or naa pay time nga kaya nimong paningkamutan na makalingkawas ka ana kay naa pay mga naghulat sa imuha, imong ginikanan.
Interviewer: Sa ikaduha nakong pangutana nimo ma’am, “unsa imong gibuhat atong paglinog”?
Respondent: Tung time na naglinog, syempre kanang naglingkod paman mi ato kay naa man mi sa skwelahan ato na time kusog kaayong linog unya wala ko nag expect
ato kay nikalit na jud sya'g kusog, wala man ta kasinatian ana nga panghitabua sukad-sukad, so makulbaan jud ko ug nagpanic.
Interviewer: Sa ika tulo nakong pangutana nimo ma’am, “Gi unsa nimo paglingkawas sa imong nasinatian?
Respondent: Nakalingkawas ko sakong mga nasinatian ato tungod kay naa man puy hatag na mga relief goods edi okay kay sa among pamilya eh kanang malipay
Interviewer: Sa last nakong pangutana nimo ma’am, “Kadtong panahon sa linog naa bay nitabang sa imuha?
Respondent: Ah katong panahon sa linog naay nitabang sakoa jud kay nagpanic naman ko unya wala nako nag wa ko nag ano nga mulinog diayg ing ato unya ni, naay
ni ano na classmate nako “uy dali ni”, gigunitan pud ko niya, oh mao nato.
Interviewer: Daghan kay'ng salamat ma’am ha kay mao nalang to amo ang last jud na pangutana, salamat kaayo kay ni ano ka sa amoang mga ay ni ano gud kag mga
impormasyon , mubalik lang mi kung naa mi mga pag… ibang pangutana sa imuha thank you.
Participant 5
Interviewer: Maayong udto ma’am, ako diay si Karyl Mae Adlawa ug kini akong mga kauban silang Charie Angel, Emielyn Bautista kami diay ang researcher sa
Grade11 HUMSS nga naga conduct ug study sa mga students experiences during earthquake ug isa ka sa mga napili namo na respondent sa amoang research. Naa mey
ihatag nga pangutana sa imuha nga imong answeran ug kini sya naay mga sub-question. So kini pwede ra nimo tubagon nga bisaya or kung asa ka komportable. Ang
unang pangutana namo ma’am is, “unsa imong nasinatian atong paglinog”?
Respondent: Well, my experience during earthquake is It felt nervous so naghilak, nadagma tong October 29 na sya, then tong December 15 is It experienced nga
nanggahi ko kay tungod, natulog man gud ko that time, so far na trauma nako st because sakong experienced.
Interviewer: Okay then akoang ika duhang pangutana ma’am is, “katong panahon sa linog unsa imong gibuhat?
Respondent: So akong gibuhat atong paglinog is nidagan ko then naa pud usahay nga matulala nalang ko.
Interviewer: Then akoang ikatulong pangutana ma’am, “gi unsa nimo paglingkawas sa imong nasinatian?
Respondent: So na overcome nako to through kanang keep calm lang then keep praying for our Almighty God. Then gina paminaw pud nako ang giingon sakong
Interviewer: Ang akoang last pangutana maam is “katong panahon sa linog naa bay nitabang sa imuha nga isig-estudyante?
Respondent: Ahm of course naa, akong classmate, gitabangan ko niya sa pagpa tindog kay dili naman gud nako mabuhat kung ako-ako lang magtindog kay tungod sa
Categorizing
2.Gi unsa nimo paglingkawas sa imong nasinatian? •nag ani nalang mi naglingkod nalng ming tanan tapos gihulat nalang namo na
murag na basin muundang tapos naglingkod mi muo to nakalma nami muo to
nakalingkawas nami sa ano sa kahadlok
•syempre ang akong mga ginikanan jud ang una gud na nagpakalma sa akoa
para dili nako makulbaan
•ge ampo nalang nako to na unta malampasan to na mga trials
•gi tabangan mi ni Mike
•kanang nag ampo nalang ko
•mga classmate nako gitabangan ko nila
•naa man puy hatag na mga relief goods edi okay kay saamong pamilya
•naay ni ano na classmate nako “uyy dali na”, gigunitan pud ko niya
•keep calm lang then keep praying for ou Almighty God then gina paminaw pud
nako ang giingon sa akong parents and to my adviser also
•akong classmate gitabangan ko niya sa pagpa tindog kay dili naman gud nako
mabuhat kung ako-ako lang magtindog kay tungod sa kakusog sa pag shake