UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

A STRUCTURAL STEEL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

A NIGHT MARKET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JAKE MARAMOT
HEAD, CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

BY:
DOTE, DEXTER S.
SILANG, JANINA RUZZEL B.
VILLARAN, IRVIN JAY

MAY 2020

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject CE 20L (Structural Design
2 – Steel and Timber Design) Lab, this thesis entitled Structural Analysis and Design of
a Night Market has been prepared and submitted by Jessica C. Aloya, Reynand P.
Amada, and Carmela Angela R. Montalbo.

Recommending Approval:

_______________________
Engr. Jake Maramot
Insructor, CE 20 / Department Head, Civil Engineering Dept.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Thesis may not be accomplished without the support and guidance of several
persons who contributed their knowledge all throughout this research study.
First we would like to thank God, our main contributor to this thesis, for the strength
and wisdom that He has given to me. Without His help we may not have the strength to
even start this study
To our family, for the undying support to our dream and to their understanding the
needs that can help us with this study.
And lastly, for our CE professors and instructors, to their guidance and and
encouragement that help us understand more about the subject.

iii
 DEDICATION

It is with our sincerest thanks to all the people who in those times of needs, trials
and confusion have engaged to finish this study.
This piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated to all people who helped and guided
me in those times of needs, trials and confusion have engaged to finish this study.
To our parents, , who have given us the drive and discipline to tackle any task with
enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support, this thesis would not
have been made possible;
To our friends for their help, support, concern, and encouragement and for believing
that we could do it.
Lastly and above all, to God for giving us strength and courage throughout this
journey, without Him this thesis would not have been made possible

iv
ARCHITECTURAL PLAN
 12m

5m

5m

20m

5m
m

5m
m
SPECIFICATIONS
II. SPECIFICATIONS
DESIGN CRITERIA
Use A-36 steel grade with a minimum yield stress of 248 MPa.
Allowable Stress: Strong Axis Bending of I-Shape Member and Channels
(NSCP 506.2)

MEMBERS WITH COMPACT SECTIONS

For members with compact sections (excluding hybrid beams and members with
yield point greater than 448 MPa) symmetrical about, and loaded in, the plane of their
minor axis the allowable stress is:
Fb = 0.66Fy
Provided the flanges are connected continuously to the web or webs and the
laterally unsupported length of the compression flange Lb does not exceed the value Lc,
as given by the smaller of:
200bf 137900bftf
or
Fy dFy

MEMBERS WITH NON-COMPACT SECTIONS

For members meeting the requirements of non-compact sections except that their flanges
are non-compact sections and their webs are compact or non-compact, (excluding hybrid
girders and members with yield points greater than 448 MPa) the allowable stress is:

bf
Fb  Fy (.79  .00762 Fy )
2tf
Where:
4.05
Kc 
h
( )(.45)
tw
if h/tw > 70 otherwise Kc = 1.0.

For members with a non-compact section, but not included above, and loaded
through the shear center and braced laterally in the region of compression stress at
intervals not exceeding:
200bf
Fy

The allowable stress is:

Fb = 0.60Fy

MEMBERS WITH COMPACT OR NON-COMPACT SECTIONS WITH UNBRACED

LENGTH GREATER THAN Lc
For such members with an axis of symmetry in, and loaded in the plane of their web,
the allowable bending stress in compression is determined as the larger value from
equations (506-6) or (506-7) and (506-8), except that equation (506-8) is applicable only
to sections with a compression flange that is sold and approximately rectangular in
cross section and that has an area not less than the tension flange.
Higher values of the allowable compressive stress are permitted if justified by a
more precise analysis.
For a channel bent about their major axis, the allowable compressive stress is
determined from equation (506-8).

When:
703270Cb L 3516330Cb
 
Fy rt Fy
 l
Fy ( ) 2 (506-6)
2 rt
Fb  Fy (  )  .60 Fy
3 10550 x103 Cb

When:
703270Cb L 3516330Cb
 
Fy rt Fy

1172100Cb (506-7)
Fb  2
 0.60 Fy
l 
 
 rt 

1172100Cb
Fb  2
 0.60 Fy
l 
For any value of  :
 rt 

82740
Fb   0.60 Fy (506-8)
 ld 
 
 Af 

DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBER

The member shall be design on the basis of the gross area unless
otherwise specified. Due to the tendency to bend or to buckle the safe load on
column depends not only on area but also on the safe load of the section. The
most economical section is H and w-sections where the radiuses of gyration
about each axis are equal. Axially loaded columns with unsupported lengths kill
buck or bend in a plane perpendicular to the weaker axis.
 DESIGN PROCEDURE:
1. Determine the minimum radius of gyration assuming:
KL KL
 200; r 
r 200

2. Determine the gross area assuming:

Fa = 0.45Fy
3. Determine the minimum width b and t thickness for bolted or riveted connections
on sp.
b  4Ø
b = 1/4 or its equivalent in metric for building
t = 5/10 for bridges

4. Select the trial section considering 1,2,3.

5. Compute the actual value.

6. Determine the actual Fa.

7. Compare the actual area to furnished area.

AISC SPECIFICATIONS

1. For average condition in building construction

K=1 ; KL
 200
r
Where:

K = ratio of effective column length to actual unbraced length

 2. On the gross section of the axially loaded compression members:

KL
Cc
r
 1  KL / r  2 
1   
 2  Cc  
Fa    Fy
3
5 3  KL / r  1  KL / r 
    
3 8  Cc  8  Cc 

Where:

L
= slenderness ration of any unbraced segment with largest effective value r
r

r = least radius of gyration

I min
r
A

Cc = column slenderness ratio having elastic and inelastic action

2 2 E
Cc 
Fy

E = modulus of elasticity,

Es = 200 GPa

Fy = minimum yield span

Fa = axially stress permitted in the absence of bending moment

3. On the gross section of axially loaded bracing and secondary member

When:

KL
120
r

Fa
Fas 
L
1 .6 
200r

Where:
KL
Fa = value in (2)when  Cc
r
Fas = value in (3)when

4. When the gross section of axially loaded column

When:
KL
 Cc
r
12 2 E
Fas  2
 KL 
23 
 r 

Where:
Fas = axial compressive stress permitted in the absence of bending for bracing and
other secondary members

P
GROSS AREA  0.45 Fy ;0.45 Fy  Fa
FINAL CONDITIONS:

1.One end is fixed, the other is hinged; k = 0.8, effective length, Le = 0.8L
2.Both ends are fixed, k = 0, Le = 0.65L
3.Both ends are hinged, k = 1, Le = L
4.One end fixed and the other is free, k = 2.1 and Le = 2.1L

UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING

The stress maybe calculated separately for bending about each axis and added
algebraically, thus,
Mx My
fb  
Sx Sy

The ± sign indicated that the stresses maybe additive (both tension or both
compression or they maybe subtractive).
In most cases applied load will not be positioned so that its line of action passes through
the centroid of the cross section. It is most common for the load applied at the top of
flange when it occurs the top flange must resist most of the lateral force component.
Actually, this situation results in twisting of bar. The formula for bending stress in the top
becomes:
Mx My
fb  
Sx Sy

For typical wide flange shapes the section modulus of the top flange about the y −
axis Sy (top flange) is approximately equal to Sy; hence the formula is:
 Mx My
fb  
Sx 0.5Sy

Since the allowable bending stress with respect to x − axis and y − axis are different
the AsDs; utilizes an interaction formula of stress ratios for the purpose of establishing a
design interior.
fa
 0.15
Fa
The applicable formula is:
f a f bx f by
   1 .0
Fa Fbx Fby

Where:
fa = computed axial stress
Fa = computed axial stress
For beam that will be considered; hence, the axial stress will be zero, therefore:
f bx f by
  1 .0
Fbx Fby

To utilize the interaction formula for design or unsymmetrical loaded beam, a trial
and error process must be used. The beam size must be estimated; check by the
interaction and revise if necessary.

FOR DESIGN CONNECTION

For rivet or bolt connection; use A449 bolt Allowable Stress of Bolt
FT  0.33Fu

FV  0.22 Fu

2
Minimum spacing of bolt(s) = 2 3 d ; d = diameter of bolt
 Minimum edge distance from center to center of standard hole to edge of connected
part: heared edges = 30 mm; plates/shapes = 22 mm
For wielded connection: use E70 Electrodes, Fu = 483 MPa

For Bearing Stress, Fb=0.3Fu

 Stainless Steel Gauge
Steel Thickness Galvanized Steel
Gauge inch Mm inch mm
3 0.2391 6.073
4 0.2242 5.695
5 0.2092 5.314
6 0.1943 4.935
7 0.1793 4.554
8 0.1644 4.176
9 0.1495 3.797 0.1532 3.891
10 0.1345 3.416 0.1382 3.51
11 0.1196 3.038 0.1233 3.132
12 0.1046 2.657 0.1084 2.753
13 0.0897 2.278 0.0934 2.372
14 0.0747 1.897 0.0785 1.994
15 0.0673 1.709 0.071 1.803
16 0.0598 1.519 0.0635 1.613
17 0.0538 1.367 0.0575 1.461
18 0.0478 1.214 0.0516 1.311
19 0.0418 1.062 0.0456 1.158
20 0.0359 0.912 0.0396 1.066
21 0.0329 0.836 0.0366 0.93
22 0.0299 0.759 0.0336 0.853
23 0.0269 0.683 0.0306 0.777
24 0.0239 0.607 0.0276 0.701
25 0.0209 0.531 0.0247 0.627
26 0.0179 0.455 0.0217 0.551
27 0.0164 0.417 0.0202 0.513
28 0.0149 0.378 0.0187 0.472
29 0.0135 0.353 0.0172 0.437
30 0.012 0.305 0.0157 0.399
31 0.0105 0.267 0.0142 0.361
32 0.0097 0.246 0.0134 0.34
 DESIGN OF PURLINS, SAGRODS, AND TIE RODS USING DL
+ LL COMBINATION

Design of Purlins, Sag Rods and Tie Rods

Night Market Details
Truss Spacing 5.0 m
Truss Vertical 2.0 m
Truss Horizontal 6.0 m
Roof Angle 18.43494882
Roof Slant Height 6.32455532
Tributary Area 3.16227766
Purlin Spacing 1.054092553
Number of Purlins 14
Section Details Reference
Trial Section LC 225 x 90 x 25 x 5.5 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Area 2417 mm2 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Sy 34600 mm3 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Sx 177700 mm3 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Ix 22,653,000 mm4 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Iy 2,237,000 mm4 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Weight 18.97 kg/m ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Fy 248.4 Mpa NSCP 2001

Dead and Live Load Details Distributed Reference

Load (N/m)
Dead Load Weight of Purlins 18.97 kg/m 186.0957 ASEP Steel
Handbook 2004
Roofing: Galvanized 7.15 kg/m2 73.93563283 Table 1
Steel Gauge 21
Live Load 1000 Pa 1054.092553 NSCP 2001
Table 205-3
Total 1314.123886

Load N/m
Normal 1246.687382
Tangential 415.5624608
 DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH NO SAG RODS
DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH NO SAG RODS
Formula Value (N-mm)
Moment wL /8
2
4106637.144
Normal Moment McosØ 3895898.07
Tangential Moment MsinØ 1298632.69

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section

fb 96.98949181 MPa
ᑎ th

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944 MPa

Therefore Safe

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT MIDSPAN

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT MIDSPAN
R 1298.63269
∑R 9090.42883
Fb 163.944 MPa
Material Area, mm2 Diameter, mm Use diameter, Reference
mm
Sag Rod 55.44837768 8.402325104 10 Available size in
the Philippines
Tie Rod 58.44772201 8.626583968 10 Available size in
the Philippines

Formula Value (N-mm)

Normal Moment 3895898.07

Tangential Moment 324658.1725

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section
fb 40.69038676 MPa
ᑎ th

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944 MPa

Therefore SAFE
DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT THIRD POINTS
DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT THIRD POINTS
R 761.8645115
∑R 5333.05158
Fb 163.944 MPa

Material Area, mm2 Diameter, mm Use diameter, Reference

mm
Sag Rod 32.52971491 6.435691058 10 Available size in
the Philippines
Tie Rod 34.28933025 6.607460271 10 Available size in
the Philippines

Formula Value (N-mm)

Normal Moment 3463020.507

Tangential Moment 115434.0169

t

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section

Fb 26.16050288
ᑎ th

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944 MPa

Therefore SAFE
 DESIGN OF PURLINS, SAGRODS, AND TIE RODS USING DL
+ WL COMBINATION

Design of Purlins, Sag Rods and Tie Rods

Night Market Details
Truss Spacing 5m
Truss Vertical 2m
Truss Horizontal 6m
Roof Angle 18.43494882
Roof Slant Height 6.32455532
Tributary Area 3.16227766
Purlin Spacing 1.054092553
Number of Purlins 14

Section Details Reference

Trial Section LC 225 x 90 x 25 x 5.5 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Area 2417 mm2 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Sy 34600 mm3 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Sx 177700 mm3 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Ix 22,653,000 mm4 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Iy 2,237,000 mm4 ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Weight 18.97 kg/m ASEP Steel Handbook 2004
Fy 248.4 Mpa NSCP 2001
 Design Condition Reference
V Basic Wind Speed 200 kph NSCP 2001 Figure 207.1
Iw Importance Factor 1 NSCP 2001 Table 103-1 ,
207.2
Kz Velocity Pressure Exposure 0.94 NSCP 2001 Table 207-3
Coefficient
Kzt Topographic Factor 1 NSCP 2001 Figure 207-2
qh Velocity Pressure 1.85416 NSCP 2001 Section
207.5.1
Exposure Exposure Category C NSCP 2001 Section
207.5.3.1
Gcpf External Pressure Coefficient 1.07 NSCP 2001 Figure 207-4
Gcpi Internal Pressure Coefficient 0 NSCP 2001 Figure 207-4
P Design Wind Pressure 1.9839512 NSCP 2001 Table 207-1
kPa

Windload Reference

P = qh(Gcpf – Gcpi)
Wind Pressure NSCP 2001 Section 207.5.1
qh = 47.3x10-6 KzKztV2Iw

Distributed
Dead and Wind Load Details Reference
Load (N/m)
18.97 kg/m 186.0957 ASEP Steel
Weight of Purlins
Handbook 2004
Dead Load
Roofing: Galvanized 7.15 kg/m2 73.93563283
Table 1
Steel Gauge 21
1.9839512
Wind Load 2091.268185
kpa
2183.299518

Load N/m
Normal 2071.259787

Tangential 690.419929
 DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH NO SAG RODS
DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH NO SAG RODS
Formula Value (N-mm)
Moment wL2/8 6822810.994

Normal Moment McosØ 6472686.836

Tangential Moment MsinØ 2157562.278

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section

fb
ᑎ th 161.1393819

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944

Therefore SAFE

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT MIDSPAN

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT MIDSPAN
R 2157.562278
∑R 155102.93595
Fb 163.944 MPa

Material Area, mm2 Diameter, mm Use diameter, Reference

mm
Sag Rod 92.12252931 11.11929772 12 Available size in
the Philippines
Tie Rod 97.10567215 10.83023764 12 Available size in
the Philippines
 Formula Value (N-mm)
Normal Moment 6472686.834

Tangential Moment 539390.5695

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section

fb 67.60344493
ᑎ th

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944
Therefore SAFE

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT THIRD POINTS

DESIGN OF PURLINS WITH SAG RODS AT THIRD POINTS
R 1265.76987
∑R 8860.389089
Fb 163.944

Material Area, mm2 Diameter, mm Use diameter, Reference

mm
Sag Rod 54.0452172 8.295330478 10 Available size in
the Philippines
Tie Rod 56.968661 8.516733646 10 Available size in
the Philippines

Formula Value (N-mm)

Normal Moment 5753499.408

Tangential Moment 191783.3136

t
Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section
fb 43.46334004 MPa
ᑎ th

Fb Fb = 0.66Fy 163.944 MPa

Therefore SAFE

Check for Adequacy of the Trial Section

fv ᘼ 2.258274222 MPa
ᘼ
Fv Fv = 0.4Fy 99.36 MPa
Therefore SAFE

Therefore use, Design of Purlins with NO SAG RODS

 LOAD
COMBINATIONS
 LOAD COMBINATIONS
Tributary Width

Roof Surface, (m) Horizontal Surface, (m)

Node 1 0.527046277 Node 1 0.5

Node 2 1.054092553 Node 2 1
Node 3 1.054092553 Node 3 1
Node 4 1.054092553 Node 4 1
Node 5 1.054092553 Node 5 1
Node 6 1.054092553 Node 6 1
Node 7 1.054092553 Node 7 1

LOAD COMBINATIONS
Tributary Area

Roof Surface, (m2) Horizontal Surface, (m2)

Node 1 2.635231383 Node 1 2.5

Node 2 5.270462767 Node 2 5
Node 3 5.270462767 Node 3 5
Node 4 5.270462767 Node 4 5
Node 5 5.270462767 Node 5 5
Node 6 5.270462767 Node 6 5
Node 7 5.270462767 Node 7 5
 LOADINGS

LOAD UNIFORM LOAD

70.1415 Pa
DEAD LOAD
186.0957N/m
LIVE LOAD 1000 Pa
WIND LOAD 1983.9512Pa

Concentrated Load, N
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7

1105.83225 1,281.19 1,281.19 1,281.19 1,281.19 1,281.19 1,281.19

2,635.23 5,270.46 5,270.46 5,270.46 5,270.46 5,270.46 5,270.46

5,228.17 10,456.34 10,456.34 10,456.34 10,456.34 10,456.34 10,456.34

Use Concentrated Load, N

Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7
1200 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300

2,700.00 5,300.00 5,300.00 5,300.00 5,300.00 5,300.00 5,300.00

5,300.00 10,500.00 10,500.00 10,500.00 10,500.00 10,500.00 10,500.00
Member Member Load, N Member Load Combination, N
Maximum
Top Top DL+0.75(LL+ Load, N
DL LL WL DL + LL DL + WL
Chord Chord WL)

AN 22610.28527 92180.39379 120816.6667 AN 114790.6791 143426.9519 38585.06481 38585.06481

NO 20554.80479 83800.35799 106816.6667 NO 104355.1628 127371.4715 34851.08164 34851.08164

OP 18499.32431 75420.3222 92816.66668 OP 93919.64651 111315.991 31117.09848 31117.09848

PQ 16443.84383 67040.2864 78816.66668 PQ 83484.13023 95260.51051 27383.11531 27383.11531

QR 14388.36335 58660.2506 64816.66668 QR 73048.61395 79205.03003 23649.13215 23649.13215

RS 12332.88287 50280.2148 50816.66668 RS 62613.09767 63149.54955 19915.14899 19915.14899

ST 12332.88287 50280.2148 52583.33333 ST 62613.09767 64916.21621 20047.64898 20047.64898

TU 14388.36335 58660.2506 52583.33333 TU 73048.61395 66971.69669 22731.63215 22731.63215

UV 16443.84383 67040.2864 52583.33333 UV 83484.13023 69027.17717 25415.61531 25415.61531

VW 18499.32431 75420.3222 52583.33333 VW 93919.64651 71082.65765 28099.59848 28099.59848

WX 20554.80479 83800.35799 52583.33333 WX 104355.1628 73138.13813 30783.58164 30783.58164

XM 22610.28527 92180.39379 52583.33333 XM 114790.6791 75193.6186 33467.5648 33467.5648

Member Member Load, N Member Load Combination, N
Maximum
Diagonal Diagonal DL+0.75(LL+ Load, N
DL LL WL DL + LL DL + WL
Chord Chord WL)

NC 2055.480479 8380.035799 17500 NC 10435.51628 19555.48048 3996.483164 3996.483164

OD 2343.608329 9554.71088 19953.06994 OD 11898.31921 22296.67827 4556.69189 4556.69189

PE 2757.716447 11242.99782 23478.71376 PE 14000.71427 26236.43021 5361.844815 5361.844815

QF 3250 13250 27669.92953 QF 16500 30919.92953 6318.994714 6318.994714

RG 3790.118732 15452.02252 32268.4056 RG 19242.14125 36058.52433 7369.150841 7369.150841

GT 3790.118732 15452.02252 0 GT 19242.14125 3790.118732 4949.020421 4949.020421

HU 3250 13250 0 HU 16500 3250 4243.75 4243.75

IV 2757.716447 11242.99782 0 IV 14000.71427 2757.716447 3600.941283 3600.941283

JW 2343.608329 9554.71088 0 JW 11898.31921 2343.608329 3060.211645 3060.211645

KX 2055.480479 8380.035799 0 KX 10435.51628 2055.480479 2683.983164 2683.983164

Member Member Load, N Member Load Combination, N
Maximum
Vertical Vertical Load, N
DL LL WL DL + LL DL + WL DL+0.75(LL+ WL)
Chord Chord

BN 0 0 0 BN 0 0 0 0

CO 650 2650 5533.985905 CO 3300 6183.985905 1263.798943 1263.798943

DP 1300 5300 11067.97181 DP 6600 12367.97181 2527.597886 2527.597886

EQ 1950 7950 16601.95772 EQ 9900 18551.95772 3791.396829 3791.396829

FR 2600 10600 22135.94362 FR 13200 24735.94362 5055.195772 5055.195772

- -
GS 2600 10600 GS 13200 2975.99821 2975.99821
5586.690531 2986.690531

IU 1950 7950 0 IU 9900 1950 2546.25 2546.25

JV 1300 5300 0 JV 6600 1300 1697.5 1697.5

KW 650 2650 0 KW 3300 650 848.75 848.75

LX 0 0 0 LX 0 0 0 0
Member Member Load, N Member Load Combination, N
Maximum
Bottom Bottom DL+0.75(LL+ Load, N
DL LL WL DL + LL DL + WL
Chord Chord WL)

AB 21450 87450 132894.7187 AB 108900 154344.7187 37975.8539 37975.8539

BC 21450 87450 132894.7187 BC 108900 154344.7187 37975.8539 37975.8539

CD 19500 79500 116292.761 CD 99000 135792.761 34184.45707 34184.45707

DE 17550 71550 99690.80325 DE 89100 117240.8032 30393.06024 30393.06024

EF 15600 63600 83088.84553 EF 79200 98688.84553 26601.66342 26601.66342

FG 13650 55650 66486.88782 FG 69300 80136.88782 22810.26659 22810.26659

GH 13650 55650 66486.88782 GH 69300 80136.88782 22810.26659 22810.26659

HI 15600 63600 66486.88782 HI 79200 82086.88782 25356.51659 25356.51659

IJ 17550 71550 66486.88782 IJ 89100 84036.88782 27902.76659 27902.76659

JK 19500 79500 66486.88782 JK 99000 85986.88782 30449.01659 30449.01659

KL 21450 87450 66486.88782 KL 108900 87936.88782 32995.26659 32995.26659

LM 21450 87450 66486.88782 LM 108900 87936.88782 32995.26659 32995.26659

DESIGN LOAD, N
Top Chord 38585.06481

Diagonal Chord 7369.150841

Vertical Chord 5055.195772

Bottom Chord 37975.8539

DEAD LOAD

LIVE LOAD
WIND LOAD
DESIGN OF CHORDS
 DESIGN OF TOP CHORD

DESIGN CONDITIONS
Fy A36 Carbon Steel in MPa 248.4
Design Load Pmax in Newtons 38585.06481
Design Length in meters 1.1

For Required Area

Reference Formula Value
Fa = 0.6Fy 149.04
NSCP 2001 SECTION Therefore, Area 258.8906657
504.2.1 Using 2-angular bars,
129.4453328
Required Area

Trial Section
Member L 50 X 50 X 6
Weight 4.47 kg/m
Area 569 mm2
Depth 50 mm
Base 50 mm
Thickness 5 mm
Ix, Iy 128 x 103 mm4
rx, ry 15.02 mm
Sx, Sy 3.61 x 103 mm3
Stiffness Factor, K 1
Modulus of Elasticity, E 200,000 MPa
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Section 505.2.2 Slenderness Ratio 73.23568575
Critical Slenderness
NSCP 2001, Section 505.3.1 126.0677706
Ratio, Cc
Therefore, CASE 1
Therefore, Fa 111.0135564
Mpa
 Case 1 CASE 2

If

Fa 111.0135564 Mpa F 192.0161007 Mpa

a

Trial Section
Member L 50 X 50 X 6
Area 569 mm2

Actual Stress

33.90603235 Mpa

Checking

fa 33.90603235 Mpa

Fa 111.0135564 Mpa

Therefore SAFE
 DESIGN OF Diagonal CHORD

DESIGN CONDITIONS
Fy A36 Carbon Steel in MPa 248.4
Design Load Pmax in Newtons 7369.150841
Design Length in meters 2

For Required Area

Reference Formula Value
Fa = 0.6Fy 149.04
NSCP 2001 SECTION Therefore, Area 49.44411461
504.2.1
Using 2-angular bars, 24.7220573
Required Area

Trial Section
Member L 40 X 40 X 6
Weight 3.52 kg/m
Area 448 mm2
Depth 40 mm
Base 40 mm
Thickness 6 mm
Ix, Iy 63 x 103 mm4
rx, ry 11.87 mm
Sx, Sy 2.26 x 103 mm3
Stiffness Factor, K 1
Modulus of Elasticity, E 200,000 MPa
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Section 505.2.2 Slenderness Ratio 168.4919966

Critical Slenderness
NSCP 2001, Section 505.3.1 126.0677706
Ratio, Cc
Therefore, CASE 1
Therefore, Fa 36.27643472 MPa

40
Case 1 CASE 2

If

Fa 14.19870869 MPa F 36.27643472

a

Trial Section
Member L 40 X 40 X 6
Area 448 mm2

Actual Stress

8.224498706 MPa

Checking

fa 8.224498706 MPa

Fa 36.27643472 MPa

Therefore SAFE

41
 DESIGN OF Vertical CHORD

DESIGN CONDITIONS
Fy A36 Carbon Steel in MPa 248.4
Design Load Pmax in Newtons 5055.195772
Design Length in meters 1.7

For Required Area

Reference Formula Value
Fa = 0.6Fy 149.04
NSCP 2001 SECTION Therefore, Area 33.9183828
504.2.1
Using 2-angular bars, 16.9591914
Required Area

Trial Section
Member L 40 X 40 X 6
Weight 3.52 kg/m
Area 448 mm2
Depth 40 mm
Base 40 mm
Thickness 6 mm
Ix, Iy 63 x 103 mm4
rx, ry 11.87 mm
Sx, Sy 2.26 x 103 mm3
Stiffness Factor, K 1
Modulus of Elasticity, E 200,000 MPa
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Section 505.2.2 Slenderness Ratio 143.2181971

Critical Slenderness
NSCP 2001, Section 505.3.1 126.0677706
Ratio, Cc
Therefore, CASE 2
Therefore, Fa 50.20959823 MPa

42
Case 1 CASE 2

If
3

Fa 46.14444011 MPa F 50.20959823 MPa

a

Trial Section
Member L 40 X 40 X 6
Area 448 mm2

Actual Stress

5.641959567 MPa

Checking

Fa 5.641959567 MPa

Fa 50.20959823 MPa

Therefore SAFE

43
 DESIGN OF Bottom CHORD

DESIGN CONDITIONS
Fy A36 Carbon Steel in MPa 248.4
Design Load Pmax in Newtons 37975.8539
Design Length in meters 1

For Required Area

Reference Formula Value
Fa = 0.6Fy 149.04
NSCP 2001 SECTION Therefore, Area 254.8030992
504.2.1
Using 2-angular bars, 127.4015496
Required Area

Trial Section
Member L 50 X 50 X 6
Weight 4.47 kg/m
Area 569 mm2
Depth 50 mm
Base 50 mm
Thickness 5 mm
Ix, Iy 128 x 103 mm4
rx, ry 15.02 mm
Sx, Sy 3.61 x 103 mm3
Stiffness Factor, K 1
Modulus of Elasticity, E 200,000 MPa
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Section 505.2.2 Slenderness Ratio 84.24599832

Critical Slenderness 126.0677706

NSCP 2001, Section 505.3.1
Ratio, Cc
Therefore, CASE
Therefore, Fa 102.6276126 MPa

44
Case 1 CASE 2

If
3

Fa 102.6276126 MPa F 145.1057389 MPa

a

Trial Section
Member L 50 X 50 X 6
Area 569 mm2

Actual Stress

33.37069763 MPa

Checking

Fa 33.37069763 MPa

Fa 102.6276126 MPa

Therefore SAFE

45
DESIGN OF COLUMNS

46
 DESIGN OF COLUMN

Design Conditions
Column Height in m 5.5
Critical Vertical Reaction in kN
R Dead Load 8.35
R Live Load 31.85
R Wind Load 43.23360608
R Total 83.43360608
Critical Horizontal Reaction in kN
R Wind Load 19.95397204
R Total 19.95397204
Stiffness Factor, k 0.7
Cb 1.00

Design Conditions
Fy A36 Carbon Steel in MPa 248.4
Design Load Pmax in Newtons 83.43360608
Design Length in meters 5.5
Design Moment in kNm 109.7468462

Design Requirements
For Required Area
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Fa = 0.60Fy 149.04
Section 504.2.1 Required Area 559.8068041
For min
NSCP 2001 Section 502.8.1 rmin = kl/200 19.25

47
 Trial Section
Member W 10 x 49

Weight 73.00 kg/m

Area 9,290.00 mm^2

Depth 253.49 mm

Base 254 mm

Thickness, w 8.64 mm

Moment of Inertia, Ix 113 x 106 mm4

Moment of Inertia, Iy 39 x 106 mm4

Radius of Gyration, rx 110.49 mm

Radius of Gyration, ry 64.52 mm

Radius of Gyration, rmin 64.52mm

Radius of Gyration, rt 69.6 mm

Section Modulus, Sx 895 x 103 mm3

Section Modulus, Sy 306 x 103 mm3

Base of Flange 254 mm

Thickness of Flange 14.22

Modulus of Elasticity, E 200000

48
 For Allowable Axial Stress
Reference Formula Value
NSCP 2001, Slenderness 75.94544327
Section 505.2.2 Ratio
NSCP 2001, Critical Slenderness 126.0677706
Section 505.3.1 Ratio, Cc
Use Case 1
therefore, Fa 109.0081427 MPa

Case 1 Case 2
If
If
r

Fa 109.0081427 MPa Fa 178.5581627 MPa

For Actual Axial Stress

P
fa = 8.981012495 MPa
A

Checking
fa 8.981012495 MPa
Fa 109.0081427 MPa

Therefore SAFE

49
 For Allowable Axial Stress
Lb 5500 mm
Lc 3223.204914 mm

Lu 7910.157963 mm

therefore, use Case 2

therefore, Fa 149.04 MPa

Case 1

Lb<Lc<Lu NSCP 2001, Section 506.2.1.1

Case 2

Lc<Lb<Lu Reference

Fb=0.60Fy 149.04 NSCP 2001, Section 506.2.2.3

Case 3

Lc<Lu<Lb NSCP 2001, Section 506.2.3.3

Actual Compressive Bending Stress

M
Fa =
Sx

Actual Bending Stress, fb 122.6221745 MPa

50
 Checking
fb 122.6221745 MPa
Fb 149.04 MPa

Therefore OKAY!

Checking for fa/Fb

fa
≤ 0.15 NSCP 2001 Section 508.2.1
Fa
0.082388455 ≤ 0.15 OKAY!

Equation 508-3 Reference

fa fb
+ ≤1 NSCP 2001 Section 508.2.1
Fa Fb
0.905135198 ≤1 SAFE!

Therefore, adopt W 10 X 49

51
DESIGN OF WELDS

52
 Design of Welds for Top Chord

Member Details
Member L40 x 40 x 6
Base 40.00 mm
Length 40.00 mm
Thickness 6.00 mm
Area 448.00 mm2
Centroid, x 12.02 mm
Centroid, y 12.02 mm

Design Condition
Design Load 39 kN
Electrode 40 276.00 MPa

Computation for Length of Welds

P = 0.3Fu Tensile Capacity of

(0.707)tL Welds

Weld Load 19.5 kN

P-1 13640.25 kN

P-2 5859.75 kN

L-1 38.83482292 mm

L-2 16.68315123 mm

According to NSCP 2001 Section

510.3.2, the minimum length of each
longitudinal fillet welds shall not be
less than the perpendicular distance
between them.

L-1 65 mm
Therefore use,
L-2 65 mm

53
 Design of Welds for Diagonal
Chord

Member Details
Member L40 x 40 x 6
Base 40.00 mm
Length 40.00 mm
Thickness 6.00 mm
Area 448.00 mm2
Centroid, x 12.02 mm
Centroid, y 12.02 mm

Design Condition
Design Load 7.4 kN
Electrode 40 276.00 MPa

Computation for Length of Welds

P = 0.3Fu Tensile Capacity of

(0.707)tL Welds

Weld Load 3.7kN

P-1 2.58815 kN

P-2 1.11185 kN

L-1 7.368658709 mm

L-2 3.165521003 mm

According to NSCP 2001 Section

510.3.2, the minimum length of each
longitudinal fillet welds shall not be
less than the perpendicular distance
between them.

L-1 65 mm
Therefore use,
L-2 65 mm

54
 Design of Welds for Diagonal
Chord

Member Details
Member L40 x 40 x 6
Base 40.00 mm
Length 40.00 mm
Thickness 6.00 mm
Area 448.00 mm2
Centroid, x 12.02 mm
Centroid, y 12.02 mm

Design Condition
Design Load 5.1 kN
Electrode 40 276.00 MPa

Computation for Length of Welds

P = 0.3Fu Tensile Capacity of

(0.707)tL Welds

Weld Load 2.55 kN

P-1 1.783725 kN

P-2 0.766275

L-1 5.078399921 mm

L-2 2.181642854 mm

According to NSCP 2001 Section

510.3.2, the minimum length of each
longitudinal fillet welds shall not be
less than the perpendicular distance
between them.

L-1 65 mm
Therefore use,
L-2 65 mm

55
 Design of Welds for Bottom
Chord

Member Details
Member L50 x 50 x 6
Base 50.00 mm
Length 50.00 mm
Thickness 6.00 mm
Area 569.00 mm2
Centroid, x 14.45 mm
Centroid, y 14.45 mm

Design Condition
Design Load 38 kN
Electrode 40 276.00 MPa

Computation for Length of Welds

P = 0.3Fu Tensile Capacity of

(0.707)tL Welds

Weld Load 19 kN

P-1 13.509 kN

P-2 5.491kN

L-1 38.46114425 mm

L-2 15.63329211 mm

According to NSCP 2001 Section

510.3.2, the minimum length of each
longitudinal fillet welds shall not be
less than the perpendicular distance
between them.

L-1 65 mm
Therefore use,
L-2 65 mm

56
SUMMARY OF DESIGNS

57
 SUMMARY

DESIGN OF PURLINS,SAGRODS, AND TIE RODS (Safe and No Sag Rod)

DL + LL Combination LC 225 x 90 x 25 x 5.5
DL + WL Combination LC 225 x 90 x 25 x 5.5
DESIGN OF CHORDS
Top Chord L 50 X 50 x 6
Diagonal Chord L 40 X 40 x 6
Vertical Chord L 40 X 40 x 6
Bottom Chord L 50 X 50 x 6
DESIGN OF COLUMN W 10 X 49
DESIGN OF WELDS (using E40 Electrode)
L-1 65 mm
Top Chord
L-1 65 mm
L-1 65 mm
Diagonal Chord
L-1 65 mm
L-1 65 mm
Vertical Chord
L-1 65 mm
L-1 65 mm
Bottom Chord
L-1 65 mm

58