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Exercise 3 - Functional Analysis

Brezis 3

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ValeriaCuentasRodriguez
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94 views13 pages

Exercise 3 - Functional Analysis

Brezis 3

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ValeriaCuentasRodriguez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Valeria Cenkas Rodrigues chaglee 3 lemma 3.4 the family F is stoble under Arnie. let (Onaen be o Fimily of subsets in X d= F Agen Vay Méinite, PCA F-TOMs Yeo) albany Vwons oF eleneats fom ¢ We wont to Powe thal iF (Uinune® 2 QUES By wathematical induckon, 2) te ek 2 V2 UM, BY | hyd wer wet, ¥ 2 yar = (UE) Ue) = Youo(yg))-U, 2.4m) + VU (unw) ae) Nole that UOW is a Finile infesection of Sets im (Unlzen, because U and ww are Froike intersections of sets in (On) aca > Unwed for all UES, and wes, Was is on arbitrary Union of elements From Wow, € ¥. * Now, Suppose that if (1leets..n)@F =? Owe e (Travchive | hnyeothesis - Th) Consider (Weleernmanin €%, So, OR + AW. oben 6% 2 kote pany iz Remock 5, Evry Closed Convex set C Coincides wilh the inkrsection of ail he closeo! healf-Spaws Containing C. trot Wwe Want Jo tne that Co QS | Sfelosed halt seas } eee 2 This dear that, CoOs ~ xeca xe SeS and ccs. os (ip xeca xeS feall ses ae 03) ees A) Ue need to Prove thal OS CC ces, For evsy %e C* By, Han! Soch (Second! gromelic form) here exists a closed hyteplane Skechly seporating Heh ord C. ie, there. is Fc E* and AER suck thot Cha, HD XE. + QNe ECF bemwe iF 26 Yee 9 thee is te such shad nen CCS a ne C= CY Ve Weds ORE: Chg area (OE | 6,0 Peed Ree see ee nates r Po 0 fat cfg? 2 eed MCE aed wana fanting C Yotour, 5 EO fret Pa rede C es Mec ee 2 Osec 4 ss then, c= OS 3. IF E and F are Bonach spas, and Tis a Linear sucsective isomety Fram onto F theo E is reflenve tPF F is eflexive Proof: Suggase thot & a eeflexive (ES E*") 7 Nole thot T is igective Since is 'Somebed E +e Cit Thao 2 Inte WTO IIglz9 4 x0) ‘Waly a BA $0, T isan isomorphisen (is linear ,bigectve ancl T,7 {ae cntevas) de peta ol a7 lee 3:86, dy Fae nou yx Where, tc F2#<*? WREE® and 44y,9>°49.4> VgEF* TE, ti eto e* Th ee % amine Brs TGF £STE eb 64,700 ee.gne eg, THg)> 5 cg, Tends ¢ Saray 92, WgeF* wr Note thot TA Cte MG) = Ctx, TAGIDE < TAI, x T ison isomorphism 3) T* is a isomorphism Nole thot i 8 This tears TAG aGa= FSP a> AEE Sa, TER? = 2e9,, Tend +9,,7C30) | RETAIN 29 +2 TG), = Ga Thane TI), x> 9 TMB)» ATO) + T*I9y) wyective «(TE (1) These! (tet et peta x Frey 69,100 269,99 248.719 Teme 7 SEP (ry TAs 3 + Homeboy, UT #9 yg Fila > sup cF.20 « Sub 69, TDs ue ea.gh anda wee "HT xee se Th enel (TAY are conliovgus se Ts (14) is an isomorphism Le Tite Be T" i susectve Ke chon Sect alter! vd e*t a] abet” suc |tnod THAC§I- Y |Csinfe THY i sudectop) » |es.b>-| cg), rH 4xee , syee frat] Gl Sd (since Sih is (susetsve) 2 T*Ya)® [Sane ttyl (since This ss ) So, F is eetlexive 4 EM is ceblexive > Es reFlenive, i A Treo let 3: —1€** be the Canon‘eal map xo > Ste) is clased subseace of E** + |Se| is sospne | if te SyeSE) [9 | Ade Seals Ine, deat eee | Atk tee C8) ¥ PCED fs elpsea:| tet| gals Bhat $ | > | tun) is § Coded | sega 2 Xo Js covchy, Senna (Sint 2 isan ometey) 2 Xo % MEE Cine € i a Bonach space) DL AIRE ILE) (Sina 2s sepentolly, conkinyous) Now, we can Frove that IE) is dense in E** Wwe will Prove tha every Continuors Linear Functional on E** thal vanishes oo MCE) most Vanish euergiuhere 9 E** (taeaary 1-8) Tek YEE*™ be a cankinvors Linear Functional on E*F Hat Uanishes on JCE) [/F )=> Viel) > thee is Pe E™ such thot tiete ti, >+ <4.) Gna Etnanense) chat tas ayee* vgee* “a Then, So, 2 V,G2+6G,0070 VgeE** % ¥z0 Then, 1CE) i dense in eh* 10); TH); € Sinteate. fw 38) setae fs deme in Ds sorgective, tren Eis aeflenve | eeqeises for khobler|s BA leh € bea Banach siace and [el AcE be a Sibset thot is compact in the weak 4ofology @Le,€*) Frove thot A is boondect foot let Fe E*, Consider the set FA): ; xe At Continvses images oF Conpact sel is comacl FCAD iscompack in R , Sine F is Conkimoys ( F: (e,ee,et) = R) Ei fe ictal too > FA) Nanded B 2 Mis vanated (img cmpnorg 24 al 3.2. lek E bea Baril space ard let (xn) be areqence Sich thal Xan X in the tweak topology TEEN, seh Sn 4% b= beg) Prove thot Ga-»% in the Weak topology O¢E.E 4) ok Tet (a) be asequence such that WPEE* it means thal Veoo, thee is Nel Suck that if neu. “Beto = (ctime Et ICE, Xap — C6421 ¢ Eva fez: Nole that: - e201 | & Rehm - coal « [EAPO HEH | + | 4 Rletc>- 6x0 Tyee ‘ 3 o> ania . Excteo- RecA $0, AeA Costome the cave is the smallest claed set containing A) 3.4 let € be a Banach Space ancl (ef (Xe) bea seqence in € Such drat Jnr X m the weak foaooy ore") 4. Pre thot thee enists « seavencs (Yo) in & ach ded )__yat Cow (Fem) Ve an Shengly 2. fove thak these exals a sequence CEA) wn € sch drab @) emu ( Be) Vo onc (Ana sheng hoot 8) let Ag Coov ( Ft) Wale thal 2 Ba (AS isthe clesure of Aninthe umk begslogy. 01.64) beawie, tot, io the weak tordogy, CtE,e*) Moreover, Ge have thal the closue of Ay ia the shang. lpsiegy Ue] Ond hak inthe wank toate ace,e*) (Fal ar the some , Sin An in cane Cheecne 39 2 xh, vo D Hree exists a sequence (Yad in E such thal dE An V2 and Yo>% Shon gly. 2. Oy 4, we hase thet thee exits a seqene (44) io E such that Sue com ( Oca) View, and fq shen gly lowe exishs a Senene (My) | with nee nay Suck that See cons ( Gres) vuew = BECK) o = as ys ton (Blo) Ugex rapoue, KeO yea, Keo Yond Ek Zane Eta tee weet neal fi eis Petar Pies BART EEE. Meemivtionmas . Ge[S EEE ow Zhe Bh sorte ta ye co0u( Dies) penne, bea D Tek (2a be a seavence detined by, an. fe MEN ey Xs keneny > (2) te dear that 2n€ conv(S13) © neo 9 tome Phe wold SEK i ocaneen 9 doe tee Ame, he fZ 8 MH ona Bie Shes WI) th is lear thal Zn-e % shongly (Sha Ye 2% shongiy) BS leh € he a Banach space ancl led KCE be a sbieh OF E Inabis confact in the sheng tomlogy . Leb (Xn bea somo in K Suh that nx weakly 6(6:E*). Rove that Ka 2x shongly Winks Ange by contradichon) Tey seq in K admit. a cnve/gent: Sosequence toot Soriese thal tq + % shongly. 9 Here is a subsequence nylon, OF Caos: HCl thal Uy KID Ee Vair4 for some Ea>0. ‘Sima E is a metric spot, we have thal iF KC E then. CR is Compact 3 => CK is Seqventally compact 3 (Ciheoeen. Heine -Coel-lebesgeed lek Cy dnyqy be a foncergual subsequent of (ay ltt means shal, ny 2 X'CK Nole that ¢F, yy? > 29 VEE Cocmte Xanax 9 Ynje »%) 9 chads ch Veet 2 Groote wee” Tan forbear, 0 FERC am) ( chai xo Nxt UF) 9 ex. Swe have that Kajg —*% > thee Is WCEIE1 suck tok iF nye NLED , then Unig KE EY Combeadiichion @ 3G leh K be a topalogial Sra and fel E be Borah spo leh UB: X +E be fwo Conkovens mars. Prom KX with Vanes in € CWitted With 4he uk topology Ccee*) A. Pogue tha the map 2b uel 47.00 owes) is conkinvgys From X into E equipped wih 2 eh OX be a continvevs fye0hon. frase that the map Kr AenUod is tenkiovars From X into € eavipeed with oce,€%, Pook 4. We need to trove that Fo(Utv) is contimus From KX into R for agy fee* (By tatesttion 32). 22 have thal, Pet, Fe B are conbininoys fiom Kinto ® for eiey Feet (Sire 49 ort cochnyoss. From YX jobo € equipted wile, ot€.6)) het wxXE pu Xo grap xl eo uaa ee uMD Vet _V be on seen sikset of R, Since Fis continvays, PCV) isan ten subset of & eavigged with cee) andl, since Wis continous, UNC) i an oon subteh of X, Moceaer, ne hove that U“CEN) = CFeUY' LV), thea Pat is continuous. Simnlack , toe have thgh Fo. is algo, eantiouods. 9 Fol(utw\ XE ——-K is alse contiovors From K into ® for evey Fec* er wet -lPelus Ihe) 4h PUR weeD= + LE weM> «(Foye + (PONE = (1p Ly) 9) Tek 0.1y be tonkimars Rnchons From K into B, theo WW is coakouovs Fam X ilo A Sia_euerg Sten Subset of Ris 2 onion oF ofer migeuols. This, sufFicent fo five shot the feimage oF ang agen _intewalis_pgeq) in| X Lp spy" (a,b) = f xe X (Civile com: (xeX a cemiyine ed * Fxex: inser ebS 0 (KEK: Geert yoo? a3 = Las * Lefxex: Cans wode bse ites, Les (KEX: @imecSn {Xe Vine ber} here Ss Sen Tee 2 Lis cree in X 2 Sexe X= erm a weneas = QISS , Se fxeK -onred 9 (eK: Win? a=c} Toren ee Sep 25.53 open in X. - Yeo (ey) "Ceaibd) is en in %,. then By is conhews Fron X alo A. I TE @s fou, eFoR 2 Fecusyy« Fels Foo 2 Uy XE URI i Contiquo0s. Fram X soto is continous From X into E eqvigged with ace,e*) 2. We need to frou Fe Cau) is entimous From X into R for cay Fee* By folesthion 3 Je hove that, Fell is conbniqwus From Kato R for eey Peet Tree canhrunss From X inbe € egulpted wilt ace.£4) > Foland i also conioways fom X inte B Grey fee! aX RW KE, tauen Xe pvloulcn: Xa up ak Bet @ be canknows Furetion Fron X inte R and let CER, theo Cty fs lap coolowaes Fam Kink (be. tne tom tl setmese that co. iow Gute en Subset oF Kis a Union of ols. This sFFigent fo fave that the feimage oF ang. cpe oes in F cro, EWN easn = (KEK! CeMeE ANI = (HEX: a4 cer eweee 1 2) foRen in > (cey'Uaat & oten in K. then cis dontinvars, Pom KX soto 8 ceo CEWY"Qow) = @ DN] = (EX: ae cures = fxeX: aie> wer? be] = €"CC oe, 2%6)) (een in Kl 2 (Cay "CaR Ofer ioR. then ce is continves Figen K inte B oe Olek @ be con Grom Kb B then GEIS also Cominums Flom X into R Siok Auery Stem Subset oF IR i5 2 UNign OF ofen mlerwols. TH ig suFFi to Fave thot the Fein x (VCash = (xe R: leon? raifoatn fe: coon 4 acho, [xex 2 (et Wie aco, bo, {rex Weal e1 Se comers 2 WY Wome RO [rex een GI We ea SN) Loner in X1 Pare, bo | [xex: Woo aS= (XE: Wen Waa > Va U te: een <- aS xe Xa b) = CHEK Neva AB comet (OY eashe (lee X: Wiad BU tex: en) <- Wat} ExeK: FE eyo I = (KEK! NB eter e-WaS U [xe x: a ceed e se: = 1,609) U Lea, ve) Coren in i sen WAS conkmwnds Fegan ® + dl Tek 1 be Cankovors, Findhions From X inte B, theo GY is continous Fam X into & Wolerrol, Py= J lCeewt- ey) > We hove thot YY is Continues frner % iobo R (Oy (01, (6), and co) | WF Gra ond Yo Fou, A Focal 2lfoll) i$ Cantinooes frac % iobo B XaeE {3 continous From X to € eavipred with ace,e*) 2 au ne aca, 38 let € be an infinie-cimensionol Banacl, Sew. Oo forkose 1s to shay that E eauipped with the weak torolory is not melisable. Sucrose, by conadiciion, Hat thee fo a metic dl%Y) on E that indvas on E the some topology o& 6 (E,E*) 1 For every ioleper Kai Teh Ve derole a ceighto chood OF © in the tepology. ¢6,e*), suc thot Wee (xe j Axor eds Prove tol thee ensts a sequens (Fr in E* suck Ahok exer ce" ina Goi) Linear Combination OF the Fs Chink: Use lemma 3.27, 2. Deder Hat E* is Finite chmensioral Chink: Use the Baie colegory theorem a5 io Exercise 45.) 3, Conclude 4 Rae by a Sitolar method that E* eqvurred with the twmak™ topology ete.) 6 nok relegate Reook Tet be an infinite-timnsional oracl, space Suppoie Hat dixy) 6 0 mekic on € that (bas on € the wma tology (OCE,E*) 1. Fe every, Inleser KEL Tet Vg densle a regltorheod! of © for ore,c*) Sch that We (Kee j Axo) < Ls By ProPositien 34. Wwe Can assume, Hhat ks fxe€; leer ce Wee yd With £yr0 and Fe isa Pate sbsel of 6 set &- Ore So thal F is comtoble (F> (Fni,.,.,Pe€* vrs) let geE*abibog. set Ve (vee) leg est Since Visa negborhwod OF O for GLEE) (by fotsiion Jul, thee fe NEM Such ob BUS) + Exe Es demorevaSC V (Ararse He phic atusdar € MAsces on] E Hhe weak sche) tren Noe. Veh ZEE is such that F220 VEER a, then EXEVy VEER C)leeitr]> liek l= Wot o< Ea) 50, $KEV VEER 9 GGxdeo ( Hem! es > legarle ty | YER b sails ten ti*? b eheolko) 2 QEE* va incor combination of elements io Fa (iris) (y tema 32) ?_Exnrg gee", is.2 Finile liner Combinakion of the Fas 9 E* spon € (Panes) 2. Suppose that E* is on iefinite-dimensional Grad ace, Tet Eh Stoo CCF) cect..,ea) Note rat ach Set 11 sine EF ip 0 Sinite-dinensioral nonce subseace of E* (Banach sfacd) , we tave that Ext ig cosed 3, sio@ Eel is opager sibstac OF E*( Beane ES4E" and Ent fot) , then Ee has engig inieion then, fe ol pen, Effie claret, inkledleg and ETUC, but ths conbodicts the Gaire category tearm. 9 E* is Fete -chmensional 3, EP dim CM) lees Yep tyre a] ely>=b) YEE isa linea combination oF elements in Op (File) (Oy consequence of lemma 34) D> Lary Jee , i5.0 finite Uneor Combination of the %!s. 2 E + stan ( Galgps) 2. suppene thot E is on iefinite-cimensional Cornel space let Ene ston 6040) ce¢4,.unt) Note svat ae. De A sice Fo a 0 Finite-ctmensionel normed subspace of € (Bonar seoce) , we have tak E> is ceed 3, si En i afaper SwsPac OF E (Beane En4E and Ent fol) , then En hos erly inleion Fron, for oleh, En it Chesed, inkl Em lag and Es Den, bub ths conkodicts the aire calegory theorem, Eis Finte-ctimensional 3. EF dim E ero, then din E* £420 Conteadichion) * hewne tah Yates JOE Sabin CREEN, cexireo Wi3 > Céhy>so] tren Uae exist commfants 223, e ER Such that ye Z rine Proof. Lek Sx Sra, Ix, Sy EC be tinear fyrctionals on €*) such that Chee; Comeges fog limit Reve that Hee ensts some FEE* sch Hot fe in let el 2. Assure hee thal € is eflexve . let (%1) be a Sequnca in € Sch thot fr every fee™ Chyxa) Comeryes bo a limit gue thol there exisis sane xe E sich that Nea % ie t6.e*) 3. constuct On example in a onreflexive sx2 E where the conclusion of 2 fails Clink: 40ke E+ 0, (see Section 8) and qs fen, 4,0.0--99 ws Peak 4. tile that € ond R be tuo Banach sous, le} (G) be o sequence of conbiqus Ungar orators From E wlo RB (HEEY such thal for every TEE, cq, %? Conerges fo a limit denofedt by «Fx, Hen Fe L(EMe E* (0 coolary 29) Fa ALE in GCENE) (Chechune | Meek (ly eefosition B13 i} 2. let EreHexive, lel (nd be a sequence in & Suc that Rr every FEE <6, xn? converges to o Lit. 2 let (Sn) be a seaence in (CE*)*) such that Cor eveg GEE*, Sant? = €Fita? Comezes 49 @ twit. then thee exists some FEE such that Sen “+ Gin oce*®eM) (oy D tee exisls Some KEE sock that §e4x (See Es plone) Py aK io CLEVES) (becase A hen > etx P> ¥FEE® 2 leeraer peeler) Veet (oh raesitin 45)) Boek ee xy Bin Maro CP 266 May oy Faved, WEllae> SAI al ite . * thee is a miqve UE L' suck that cine EM VxeG | Mls Whe 3

Zire = Zn comerges to a unit Eee Zileres 81m), eS ALD > CER ead VRE EM whee X= C144.33 bub, XE. 3.99. let E be an iinile dimensional Conadl, seas SANS ying one oF the Falqusing astunphons a) E* is seporable ©) Eis etPlexive frou dak thee exile a Sequencer (iad In Esch that Wales Yo od % 20 weakly oce,€% Qoaat a1 sepse tol Eis sewoble 9 Be is mebrigabic in the weak torolegy GCE,E*) (3 these 3.29) Note that, + ket CEs I-A) be the vt sphere, the the chsut of S in the doringy o¢e.<4) THEM, Os Cece; wen4ss | (64 Spomele 4 (Rena 2) “ee 2 06 5°" (5 For at W (ovightohasdof 0), VaS #43 lek Un = [268g j Mao) 4 Y_S (Use CIE*E) Since Be fs snetagabie PD UNSFO FD sree is xn E Such that Walled and dita.0< F Xq_ AO weakly oe,e% b) SurRare tha E is reFlenie. Sina _dimE+ eo, thee is a closet subsea@ & in € that is separable and such ) 4 etFlenioe (69 otssiton 2.20) is Sramble (69 Coniiny, 8.29) 2 Using a) we have thal thee exisls a Sequence (ia) in E sth 4hak and %20 weakly oce,€ lay spca_timer ted, shee leridts lan lolgebroid babis (digs in | T Is gt Oaite Crosted, [Tip coh cogntable | beane is la Bhoodh space) let (4e\na} bel countable fost of (4 ex) Us le bg thd vattor [agaed oof Ql genealtd Uy the (Padus ile, cappisty of ab Fite Useor| copivingtoes wp [ceefhicieits lin th of thp elements |Cecdnas Note |Yoot LU) is | caxptoble (| for| eves nels let An be tHe vetlor $paa| cues GQ), gederaled by hive [Cesc this Hear | tht An is eneblable deed | olQ,ha.) Net |Lek Ye Me ote |seock over @ geteroitd by the lendhes lot fared to le o| dase sulfset [ot L( si) bhec {+r} ig 0 [closed ibseate in El thal is | Seodobie. Motewe, dim Locals teo | bease |(rlire lis b coprtoble feakea 6¢ Vocals indent Waders

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