9

Mathematics
th
4 Quarter

LEARNING ACTIVTIY SHEETS

 Table of Contents
Most Essential Learning Competencies Page No.
Illustrates the 6 Trigonometric Functions ………………………………………………..
 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Learning Activity Sheet

LESSON NO. 1
Illustrating the Trigonometric Ratios

Background Information for Learners

To make a better understanding of the 6 trigonometric ratios, let us recall the different parts of a right
angled triangle.

➤ Activity 1: Labelling the sides of a right-angled triangle

Consider Figure 1

Figure 1. A right-angled triangle with angle A marked.

The longest side of a right-angled triangle is always called the hypotenuse, usually shortened to HYP.
This side is always opposite the right-angle. The side opposite angle A has been labelled OPP, and the
remaining side, which is adjacent to A has been labelled ADJ. Therefore, the side opposite to angle A is
segment BC, the side adjacent to angle A is segment CA, and the hypotenuse is segment AB.

Notice that if we look at a different angle, some of these quantities change. Consider Figure 2.

Figure 2. A right-angled triangle with angle B marked.

The hypotenuse is as it was in Figure 1, but the other two labels have changed. Therefore the side
opposite to angle B is segment CA, the side adjacent to angle B is segment BC, and the hypotenuse
remain as segment AB.
➤ Activity 1: Finding the Segment According to Its Label.
D C

O G A T

Identify the segment of the label of each angle of the right triangle involved:

Opposite Side (OPP) Adjacent Side (ADJ) Hypotenuse

Angle D OG DO DG
Angle G
Angle C
Angle A
➤ Activity 2: Triangles of Different Sizes
This activity helps you recall the concepts of similar triangles.
Study the diagram in Figure below. On the horizontal line we have marked the points L, I, V and E, and
each of these points is 10 cm apart. We have drawn vertical lines from the points I, V and E to form
right-angled triangles. There is an angle marked at L, and this angle remains the same even though the
separation of the lines LI and LO increases as we move away from L.

Investigate the following triangles:

1. Copy the drawing in the figure above with the same indicated measurements.
2. Using your protractor, measure the measurement of angles L,O,N, and G.
3. Using a ruler, measure segments LO,LN, and LG. These are the sides of the three similar triangles

4. Record your findings in the given table.

5. What do you notice about: (Ano ang napansin mo?)

a. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle L to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
b. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle L to the hypotenuse of the second triangle
c. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle L to the hypotenuse of the third triangle?
d. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle L to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
e. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle L to the hypotenuse of the second triangle?
f. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle L to the hypotenuse of the third triangle?
g. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle O to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
h. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle N to the hypotenuse of the first triangle
i. the ratio of the leg opposite to angle G to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
j. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle O to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
k. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle N to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
l. the ratio of the leg adjacent to angle G to the hypotenuse of the first triangle?
The following diagram shows the trigonometric ratios using SOHCAHTOA

Knowing how the trigonometric ratios sines, cosine and tangent are used to find sides and angles of
right angled triangles.

A. Finding the measurement of the missing side. (Paghahanap ng sukat ng side)

Examples

1. Find x.

The hypotenuse is 7.8cm and x is opposite the angle of 35° so we will use sine as this involves
opposite and hypotenuse.

opposite side
sin 35° =
hypotenuse
x
sin 35° =
7.8
x = (7.8) (sin 35°)
x = (7.8) (0.5736)
Using your calculator, you can find the value of sin 35° by
Pressing SIN and 35.

X = 4.47 cm.
2. Find a.

We know the adjacent side and want to find the hypotenuse so we use cosine.

Notice that in the first example we multiply by the trigonometric ratio but in the second we
divide. This is because the unknown length is in the denominator.

B. Finding the measurement of the angle when two sides are given.

Example

In this example we know the opposite and the adjacent so we will use tangent.

Using your calculator, you can get the measurement of the

 86
angle by pressing SHIFT then TAN and the value of
45

QUIZ #1
 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Learning Activity Sheet

LESSON NO. 2
Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
➤ Activity 1: What Makes You Special?

1. Given the angles of the triangles below, find the values of the six trigonometric ratios. Then
answer the questions that follow.
 2. Complete the table below that summarizes the values of the trigonometric ratios of the angles
30°, 45° and 60°.

➤ Activity 2: Do You Know How to Make It Special?

➤ Activity 3: Simple Tricks to Easily Remember Trigonometric Ratio of

 Special Triangles !

MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Learning Activity Sheet

LESSON NO. 3
Angles of Elevation and Angles of Depression
The study of trigonometric ratios originated from geometric problems involving triangles. To recall,
solving a triangle means finding the lengths of the sides and measures of the angles of the triangle.
Trigonometric ratios may be used to solve problems involving angles of elevation and depression.

Example 1:
A tower is 15.24 m high. At a certain distance away from the tower, an observer determines that the
angle of elevation to the top of it is 41°. How far is the observer from the base of the tower?
Example 2:
An airplane is flying at a height of 4 kilometers above the ground. The distance along the ground
from the airplane to the airport is 6 kilometers. What is the angle of depression from the airplane to
the airport?
➤ Activity 1: Elevation or Depression?

Consider the situation below.

A boy who is on the 2nd floor of their house watches his dog lying on the ground. The angle between his
eye level and his line of sight is 32°.
a. Which angle is identified in the problem: angle of elevation or angle of depression? Justify your
answer.
b. If the boy is 3 meters above the ground, approximately how far is the dog from the house?
c. If the dog is 7 meters from the house, approximately how high is the boy above the ground?

➤ Activity 2: TRY THIS OUT!

Solve the following problems.

1. A hiker is 400 meters away from the base of the radio tower. The angle of elevation to the top
of the tower is 46°. How high is the tower?
2. An observer in a lighthouse 48.8 m above sea level saw two vessels moving directly towards the
lighthouse. He observed that the angles of depression are 42° and 35°. Find the distance
between the two vessels, assuming that they are coming from the same side of the tower.
3. Brian’s kite is flying above a field at the end of 65 m of string. If the angle of elevation to the kite
measures 70°, how high is the kite above Brian’s head?
4. From an airplane at an altitude of 1200 m, the angle of depression to a building on the ground
measures 28°. Find the distance from the plane to the building.
5. From a point on the ground 12 ft from the base of a flagpole, the angle of elevation of the top of
the pole measures 53°. How tall is the flagpole?
6. A 14 foot ladder is used to scale a 13 foot wall. At what angle of elevation must the ladder be
situated in order to reach the top of the wall?
7. Standing on a cliff 380 meters above the sea, Pat sees an approaching ship and measures its
angle of depression, obtaining 9 degrees. How far from shore is the ship? Now Pat sights a
second ship beyond the first. The angle of depression of the second ship is 5 degrees. How far
apart are the ships?
8. From the top of a vertical cliff 40 m high, the angle of depression of an object that is level with
the base of the cliff is 34º. How far is the object from the base of the cliff?
9. A man flies a kite and lets out 100 feet of string. The angle of elevation of the string is 52 o . How
high off the ground is the kite? How far away is the man from the spot directly under the kite?
10. The angle of depression from the top of a tower to a boulder on the ground is 38°. If the
tower is 25 m high, how far from the base of the tower is the boulder?
 MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Learning Activity Sheet

LESSON NO. 4
Word Problems Involving Right Triangles

➤ Activity 1: The Perfect Match

Using figures 1 and 2, match each trigonometric concept found in Column A with the correct ratio found
in Column B.
➤ Activity 2: Step By Step!

Always consider the following steps in solving word problems involving right triangles:
STEP 1: Read the problem carefully.
STEP 2: Draw and label the triangle.
STEP 3: Set up the equation.
STEP 4: Solve the equation.
STEP 5: Write a therefore statement.

Example:
A boy who is flying a kite lets out 300 feet of string which makes an angle of 60° with the ground.
Assuming that the string is stretched taut, find, to the nearest foot, how high the kite is above ground.

STEP 1: Have you read the problem carefully? If YES, then proceed to STEP 2.
STEP 2: Draw and label the triangle.
STEP 3: Set up the equation.

Since an angle is given as 60 ° and the hypotenuse as 3oo ft. ang we must find the height which
is opposite the angle.
h
The equation is : Sin 60° =
300 ft .

STEP 4: Solve the equation.

h
Sin 60° =
300 ft .
h = Sin 60° x 300 ft.

h = ( √23 ) x 300 ft.

h = 150 √ 3
h = 260 ft.

STEP 5: Write a therefore statement.

Therefore, the kite is 260 ft. above the ground.

Now, it’s your turn:

Solve each of the following word problems step by step.

1. A 40ft flag pole has a rope tied from to top to the ground. The rope makes a 25 degree angle
with the ground. How long is the rope?

STEP 1: Read the problem carefully. (Have you read the problem carefully? Yes or No. If no,
don’t proceed to STEP 2).

STEP 2: Draw and label the triangle. (Show your drawing)

 STEP 3: Set up the equation.

STEP 4: Solve the equation.

STEP 5: Write a therefore statement.

2. In an isosceles triangle ABC, AC and CB are each 15 inches. Angle A and angle B are both 55o .
Find the length of AB, to the nearest inch.

STEP 1: Read the problem carefully. (Have you read the problem carefully? Yes or No. If no,
don’t proceed to STEP 2).

STEP 2: Draw and label the triangle. (Show your drawing)

STEP 3: Set up the equation.

 STEP 4: Solve the equation.

STEP 5: Write a therefore statement.

3. An airplane rises at an angle of 15o with the ground. Find, to the nearest 10 feet, the distance it
has flown when it has covered a horizontal distance of 1500 feet.

STEP 1: Read the problem carefully. (Have you read the problem carefully? Yes or No. If no,
don’t proceed to STEP 2).
STEP 2: Draw and label the triangle. (Show your drawing)

STEP 3: Set up the equation.

STEP 4: Solve the equation.

 STEP 5: Write a therefore statement.

MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Learning Activity Sheet

LESSON NO. 5
The Law of Sines and Its Applications
Introduction:
To calculate side or angle lengths of right triangles, you can set up a trigonometric ratio 
using sine, cosine, or tangent. However, if the triangle does not include a right angle, these
basic trigonometric ratios do not apply. Triangles that do not have a right angle are called
oblique triangles. Although the basic trig ratios do not apply, they can be modified to cover
oblique triangles.

In this lesson, we will investigate how to apply the sine function to an oblique triangle.
Consider the following triangle,  ABC. Remember that the side and angle of a triangle that
share the same name are always across from each other.

In order to set up an equation using the sine function, we have to create a right angle.
Construct a height segment in the triangle by dropping
a perpendicular segment from angle C to side c. This triangle now looks like the picture
below.

Using the smaller triangle on the left that

includes angle A and sides b and h,
we can set up an equation involving sine.
Using the triangle on the right half that
includes angle B and sides a and h,
we can set up and equation involving sine.
Both of these equations involve “h”.
Solve both equations for “h”.
Set the two expressions for “h” equal to each
other.

Divide both sides by ab.

Reduce each fraction.

 Final equation that uses the sine function for
oblique triangles.

It can be shown in a similar example that this also

applies to side c and angle C. This results in the Law of
Sines for oblique triangles which is summarized in the
box below

One of the benefits of the Law of Sines is that not only

does it apply to oblique triangles, but also to right
triangles. Let’s use a familiar right triangle: the 30°, 60°,
90° triangle shown below:

 
➤ Activity 1: When It Is Not Right!
When the triangle is not a right triangle, how will you find x?
➤ Activity 2: I Want More!