JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL

JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE

MOTION IN A PLANE
SYNOPSIS  Special Cases
 
a) If P and Q are in the same direction i.e.
Addition of Vectors   
  θ=00 then R = P + Q
 Two Vectors A and B of same kind are added
 
geometrically as shown. b) If P and Q are in opposite direction i.e.
  
θ=1800 then R = P  Q ; for P > Q
 
R = A+B c) If P and Q are perpendicular to each other
B 
i.e. θ=900 then R = P 2 +Q 2
   θ θ
d) If P  Q then R = 2Pcos & α = = .
A 2 2
i) If   60 then R  3P and   30
0
Resultant of number of vectors
 Resultant is a single vector that gives the total effect ii) If   900 then R  2 P and   45
of number of vectors. iii) If   1200 then R  P and   60
Resultant can be found by using
a) Parallelogram law of vectors
Triangle Law of Vectors: If two given vectors of
same kind are represented both in magnitude and
b) Triangle law of vectors
direction by the two adjacent sides of a triangle,
c) Polygon law of vectors
taken in order then the closing side taken in the
 Parallelogram Law of vectors reverse order will give the resultant both in
P magnitude and direction.
B

R
Q Q (Q sin ) R  PQ
Q

O D O
P P A
 
If P and Q are two vectors with angle  between Law of equilibrium of forces:
   If three forces represents the three sides of a
them, then the resultant vector R  P  Q . triangle taken in order then their resultant is zero.
Magnitude of resultant : If such forces acts on a particle simultaneously
 then they keep that particle in equilibrium.
R = P 2 +Q 2 + 2PQcosθ
Direction of resultant :
 Qsinθ 
α = tan -1  
 w.r.t P F3 F2
 P + Qcosθ 
 Psinθ  
β = tan -1   w.r.t Q
 Q + Pcosθ 
The resultant of two vectors always lie in the plane O A
F1
containing the vectors, closer to vector of larger    
magnitude. F1  F2  F3  0

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Lami’s theorem E D
 If a body is in equilibrium under the action of three
coplanar concurrent forces P,Q,R at angles 2x x
3x
 ,  ,  as shown in the figure. 0
Then the ratio of magnitude of one of the F 90 C
force to sine of angle between the other two 3x
vectors is always constant 0
60
P Q R
i.e:   A B
sin  sin  sin 
AB  x, AC  3 x, AD  2 x, AE  3 x, AF  x
P Q
WE -1 : ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with point
‘O’ as centre. Find the value of
    
AB  AC  AD  AE  AF .

E D

O
R F C
Polygon Law of Vectors 3x
 " If number of vectors of same kind acting at a
point in the same plane in different directions are
represented both in magnitude and direction by A B
the adjacent sides of a polygon taken in order, Sol. From the diagram AB   DE , 
  
BC   EF

then the closing side taken in the reverse order     
will give the resultant both in magnitude and AB  AC  AD  AE  AF
direction".         
 AB   AB  BC  AD   AD  DE   AD  DE  EF 
  
D D C
 3 AD  3 2 AO  6 AO    
Applications of Polygon Law
E C  If 'n' equal forces act on a body such that each
A+B+C+D

2
B+

E B force makes an angle with the previous one then

A+

n
B they form a closed polygon. So the resultant is zero.
A+
R B If each force of magnitude 'F' makes an angle 
with previous one, then
O A A
a) the resultant is zero, if the number of forces is
OA + AB + BC + CD + DE = OE 2
n=

If many vectors form a closed n sided polygon 2
b) If the number of forces are n =  1 , then
with all the sides in the same order then the resultant 
 the resultant force is ‘F’.
is 0 .
Note :If x is the side of a regular hexagon
ABCDEF as shown in figure.

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Subtraction of Vectors:  
   If two vectors P and Q represents adjacent sides
 Subtraction of a vector Q from vector P is the of a parallelogram both in magnitude and direction
      
addition of P and -Q .  
S  P  Q  P  Q then the two diagonals of parallelogram are
represented as
      
d1  P  Q , d2  P  Q
Q

 P d1
Q 0 A Q
180-
Q
S  d2

P B C P
here S  P  Q  1    1  
 
The magnitude of P  Q is  
P  d1  d 2 ; Q  d1  d 2
2 2
 
    
S  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos 1800     P, Q are two sides and R , S are two diagonals

S  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos  and of a parallelogram then R 2  S 2  2  P 2  Q 2 

Q sin 1800   
tan   W.E - 2: A particle is moving eastwards with a
P  Q cos 180   0
velocity of 5 m/s. In 10s the velocity changes
Q sin  to 5 m/s northwards.Find the average
  acceleration in this time.
w.r.t P
P  Q cos    
   Δv vf - vi
    Sol . a avg = =
 Note: If P  Q then P  Q  2 P sin   . Δt Δt
2
 Subtraction of vectors is used to find v f  5m / s
i) change in velocity of a particle. V N
5 2m/s
ii) the relative velocity of one body with respect W E
to another body. 450
S
iii) change in momentum. V i  5m / s V i  5m / s
iv) acceleration of a particle etc.
Applications  5 ˆj  5iˆ 5 2 1
a avg    m / s2
 When a particle is performing uniform circular 10 10 2
motion with a constant speed v, then the Along north-west direction
magnitude of change in velocity when it describes
θ  
an angle  at the centre is Δv = 2vsin   . W.E -3: Two vectors A and B have precisely equal
2  
magnitudes. For the magnitude of A  B to
v  
be larger than the magnitude of A  B by a
factor of n, what must be the angle between
0 them?
    
v   Sol : A  B  n A B
 If velocity of a particle changes from vi to vf in
 
time ‘t’ then
 the
 acceleration of the particle is given 2 A cos  n2 A sin  A  B 
 v -v 2 2
by a = f i .  1  1  1  1  1 
t  tan  ;  tan      2 tan  
2 n 2 n n

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W.E-4: The resultant of two forces whose AB
magnitudes are in the ratio 3:5 is 28 N. If Clearly, tan150  or AB  OB tan150
OB
the angle of their inclination is 600 , then Thus, distance travelled by the aircraft in 10s,
find the magnitude of each force. AC=2AB=2(OB tan 150 ) = 2  3400  0.2679  1822m
speed of the aircraft
Sol . Let F1 and F2 be the two forces. 1822m
0 v= = 182.2m / s .
Then F1  3x; F2  5 x; R  28 N and   60 10s
R  F12  F22  2 F1 F2 cos  Position vector : Position vector of point A
2 2 with respect to O
 28  3x    5x   2  3x  5 x  cos 600
Y

 28  9 x 2  25 x 2  15x 2  7 x A(x,y)

28
x  4.
7
 F1  3  4  12 N , F2  5  4  20 N. O X

W.E - 5: What is the displacement of the point of a r  x iˆ  y ˆj
wheel initially in contact with the ground
when the wheel rolls forward half a Displacement vector in two dimensional Plane
revolution ? Take the radius of the wheel as
Y
R and the x-axis as the forward direction ?
Sol . From figure, during half revolution of the wheel,
the point A covers AC =  R in horizontal A
B
direction, and BC =2R in vertical direction r1
B
r2
y O X
  
A x C If r1 , r2 are the initial and final position vectors
x   R and y  2 R; 
2
of a particle then AB represents the displacement
AB  x 2  y 2   R   (2 R ) 2 2
 R  4
vector of a particle.
y 2R     
and   Tan 1    Tan 1   AB  r 2  r1.  AB   x2  x1  iˆ   y2  y1  ˆj
x R
The magnitude of the displacement vector is
2
 Tan 1   with x- axis. 2 2
  AB   x2  x1    y2  y1 
W.E -6: An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400 m Application : Condition for collision
above the ground.If the angle subtended at a Two particles 1 and 2 move with constant velocities
point on the ground by the aircraft positions  
v1 and v2 . At ‘t = 0’ their position vectors are
10 s apart is 300 , then what is the speed of  
the aircraft ? (tan 150  0.2679) r1 and r2 .If particles collide at the point `P’ after
time `t’.
A  t  0S  B  t  5S  C  t  10S  Y

S2 = V2 t
1 P
3400m r2 r S2 = V1 t

2
0
15 150 r1
O X
30
0 From the diagram
ground
Sol . Let O be observation point on the ground, and
A,B,C be the positions of the aircraft at t=0s, t=5s
and t =10s respectively.

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    
r = r1 + s1 = r2 + s 2 vA
v 2B = 2gd  = cosα
    Along OB vB
r1 + v1t = r 2 + v 2 t
    W.E -9: Velocity and acceleration of a particle at

 r1 - r 2 = v 2 - v1 t  
W.E 7 : A frictionless wire is fixed between A and
tim e t=0 are u  2iˆ  3 ˆj m / s and  
B inside a circle of radius R. A small bead 
a  (4iˆ  2 ˆj ) m / s 2 respectively. Find the
slips along the wire.Find the time taken by
the bead to slip from A to B. velocity and displacement of particle at t=2s.
     1 2
A Sol. From v = u + at and s = ut + at
O 2
g 

gcos
     
v = 2iˆ + 3jˆ +  2  4iˆ + 2jˆ = 10iˆ + 7jˆ m / s 
A d  1 ^
B
90° s = 2 2 ˆi + 3jˆ + (2 ) 2  4 i + 2ˆj  = 1 2 ˆi + 1 0ˆj m
   
B 2  
O W.E -10: A particle starts from origin at t = 0 with
a velocity 5 iˆ m/s and moves in x-y plane
1 2 under action of a force which produce a
Sol.: S = at
2
constant acceleration of  3i  2 j  m / s 2 .
1 a) What is the y -coordinate of the particle
i.e. AB   g cos   t 2 ......... (1) at the instant its x-coordinate is 84m?
2
b) what is speed of the particle at this time
From diagram AB  2 R cos  ..........(2) Sol.: The position of the particle is given by
  1 
r  t  = v0 t + at 2
R 2
From eq (1) and eq (2) t  2
g  
 5 iˆ t  1/ 2  3 iˆ  2 ˆj t 2

Note: Time is independent of inclination of the wire.   5t  1.5t 2  iˆ  t 2 ˆj

WE 8: Two particles 1 and 2 are allowed to descend Therefore, x  t   5 t  1.5 t 2 , y  t   t 2

on the two frictionless chord OA and OB of
a vertical circle, at the same instant from point 5 t  1.5 t 2  84  t  6 s
O. The ratio of the velocities of the particle 1 2
and 2 respectively, when they reach on the A t t  6 s , y   6   36 m
circumference will be (OB is the diameter). 
 dr
v= =  5 + 3 t  ˆi + 2t ˆj
O dt
Sol : 
O 1 2 At t = 6s, v = 23 ˆi + 12 ˆj
 
speed = v = 23 2 + 12 2 = 26ms -1


 d
os
gc

R g W.E -11: The coordinates of a body moving in a

A
B A plane at any instant of time t are x   t 2 and
B
y   t 2 . The speed of the body is.
OA = dcosα, a OA = gcosα 2 dx
Sol. x = αt  v x = = 2αt
dt
Along OA  v 2A = 2  gcosα  dcosα 

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2) The relative velocity of body 'B' w.r.t. 'A' is given
2 dy   
y = βt  v y = = 2βt by VBA = VB -VA
dt    
3) Both VA -VB and VB -VA are equal in magnitude
 speed v = v 2x + v 2y = 2t α 2 + β2 but opposite in direction.
 
W.E -12: Figure shows a rod of length l resting V AB = -V BA and
against a wall and the floor. Its lower end A  
V AB = VBA = VA 2 +VB 2 -2VA VB cosθ
is pulled towards left with a constant
velocity v. Find the velocity of the other end 4) For two bodies moving in same direction,
magnitude of relative velocity is equal to the
B downward when the rod makes an angle difference of magnitudes of their velocities.
 with the horizontal.
(θ = 00 , cos 0 = 1)
B  
 VAB =VA -VB , VBA =VB  VA
5) For two bodies moving in opposite directions,
magnitude of relative velocity is equal to the sum
l of the magnitudes of their velocities.
(  1800 ; cos 1800  -1)
 
v   V AB  V BA = VB  VA
A 6) Relative displacement of A w.r.t. B is
Sol. In such type of problems, when velocity of one   
X AB  X AG  X BG
part of a body is given and that of other is required, 
first find the relation between the two displacement, Where X AG  displacement of ‘A’ w.r.t ground
then differentiate them with respect to time. Here 
and X BG  displacement of ‘B’ w.r.t ground
if the distance from the corner to the point A is x
7) Relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is
and upto B is y, then x 2  y 2  l 2   
V AB  V AG  V BG
Differentiating with respect to time t 8) Relative acceleration of A w.r.t. B is
dx dy   
2x  2y  0 a AB  a AG  a BG
dt dt
9) Two trains of lengths l1 and l2 are moving on
dx dy
where vA = v = & vB = - parallel tracks with speeds v1 and v2 (v1 > v2 )
dt dt
(- sign denotes that y is decreasing) w.r.t ground. The time taken to cross each other
when they move in same direction is
x v = yv B
S l l
x t1 = rel = 1 2
v B = v  = v c o tθ Vrel v1 - v2
y
when they move in opposite direction is
Change in velocity S l l
If Vi is the initial velocity of a particle, Vf is its t2 = rel = 1 2
 Vrel v1 + v2
final velocity, V is the change in velocity, and Application:
θ is the angle between Vi and Vf then Relative Motion on a moving train
 
If a boy in a train is running with velocity V BT
V = Vf - Vi .
 relative to train and train is moving with velocity

V = Vf 2 +Vi 2 -2Vf Vi cosθ V TG relative to ground, then the velocity of the

Relative Velocity boy relative to ground V BG will be given by
   
 If body A is moving with a velocity VA w.r.t. V BG  V BT  V TG
 So, if boy in a train is running along the direction
ground and body B is moving with velocity VB
w.r.t. ground then of train.
  
1) The relative velocity of body 'A' w.r.t. 'B' is given V BG  V BT  V TG
  
by VAB = VA -VB
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If the boy in train is running in a direction opposite   
Velocity of B relative to A is V BA  V B  V A
to the motion of train, then
    2 2
V BG  V BT  V TG V BA   20    20   20 2km / h
W.E-13: When two objects move uniformly towards 
each other, they get 4 metres closer each i.e., V BA is 20 2 km/h at an angle of 450 from
second and when they move uniformly in east towards north.
the same direction with original speed, they 
get 4 metres closer each 5s. Find their A is at rest and B is moving with VBA in the
individual speeds.
direction shown in Fig.
Sol. Let their speeds be v1 and v2 and
Therefore the minimum distance between ships
let v1 > v2 .
In First case :  1 
S min  AC  AB sin 450  10   km  5 2km
4  2
Relative velocity, v1 + v 2 = = 4 m / s ....(1)
1 and time taken is
In Second case:
4 BC 5 2 1
Relative velocity = v1 - v 2 = = 0.8 m / s...(2) t     h  15min
5 V BA 20 2 4
solving eqns.(1) and (2), we get
v1 =2.4ms -1 ,v 2 =1.6ms -1 Rain umbrella Concept

W.E - 14 : A person walks up a stationary escalator  If rain is falling with a velocity V R and man moves
in time t1 . If he remains stationary on the 
escalator, then it can take him up in time t2. with a velocity V M relative to ground, he will
How much time would it take for him to walk observe the rain falling with a velocity
up the moving escalator?   
Sol. Let L be the length of escalator . V RM  VR  VM .
L Case - I : If rain is falling vertically with a velocity
Speed of man w.r.t. escalator is v ME = t 
1 V R and an observer is moving horizontally with
L 
Speed of escalator v E = t velocity V M , then the velocity of rain relative to
2
Speed of man with respect to ground would be observer will be :
1 1
v M = v ME + v E = L  +  
VR
 t1 t 2  V RM
L t1 t 2 VR
 The desired time is t = = .
v M t1 + t 2  V M
W.E -15: Two ships A and B are 10km apart on a VM VM
line running south to north. Ship A farther
north is streaming west at 20km/h and ship V RM  VR  VM
B is streaming north at 20km/h. What is their
distance of closest approach and how long The magnitude of velocity of rain relative to man is
do they take to reach it?
Sol. VRM  VR2  VM2
VB  20km / h If  is the angle made by the umbrella with
A C
V BA horizontal, then, tan   VR
10km VM
0
45
V BA  20 2km / h B If  is the angle made by the umbrella with vertical,

450 then, tan   V M

VA  20 km / h VR

NARAYANAGROUP 103
MOTION IN A PLANE JEEJEE
MAINS
JEE-ADV - C.W - VOL
PHYSICS-VOL
MAINS - VOL - -VI-I II
Case - II : When the man is moving with a W.E-16: Rain is falling vertically with a speed of
velocity VM1 relative to ground towards 20ms 1 ., A person is running in the rain with
east(positive x-axis), and the rain is falling with a a velocity of 5 ms 1 and a wind is also
 blowing with a speed of 15 ms 1 (both from
velocity V R relative to ground by making an angle
the west) The angle with the vertical at which
 with vertical(negative z-axis). Then the velocity the person should hold his umbrella so that

of rain relative to man V RM is as shown in figure. he may not get drenched is :
 

1


VR  VRx iˆ  VR y kˆ ; V M 1  V M 1 iˆ Sol. V

Rain  V R  20 -k

ˆ
 
 
V M an  V M  5 ˆ , VWind  VW  15iˆ
i
VR  VM
and ta n   x
...... ( 2 )1
Resultant velocity of rain and wind is
VR 
y
VRW  20kˆ  15 iˆ
N Now, velocity of rain relative to man is
  
VR 
W E VRW  VM  20kˆ  15iˆ  5iˆ    
VRy VR
M1 S  20kˆ  10iˆ
vertical
VRM
1

VM 1 
VM 1 VM 1
VR 20kˆ
x
Case - III : If the man speeds up, at a particular 

velocity V M 2 , the rain will appear to fall vertically
    10 iˆ
with V RM 2 , then V RM 2  V R  VM 2 as shown in
1 1
figure. Tan     Tan 1
2 2
VRM W.E -17: To a man walking at the rate of 3km/h
2 the rain appears to fall vertically.When he
VRM VR increases his speed to 6km/h it appears to
2 meet him at an angle of 450 with vertical.
VM Find the angle made by the velocity of rain
2
with the vertical and its speed.
VM Sol :
VM 2
2
Case - IV : If the man increases his speed further, VR
he will see the rain falling with a velocity as shown
VRM 450 
in figure. y
V RM VR
3 3
VRM   6
3 VM  3kmph
VRM 0 3
3 VR y From the diagram Tan45  .........(1)
VR y
VM VR x
3 3
and Tan  y ..............(2)
VM 3
VM 0 3 1 3
3 From (1) and (2)   450   sin 45  V , 2  V
R R
   VM  VR
V RM 3  V R  V M 3 ; tan   3 x
VR  3 2kmph
VR y

104 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL
JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE
W.E -18: Rain is falling, vertically with a speed Motion of a Boat in the River
of 1m/s .Wind starts blowing after sometime Boat motion is classified into three categories
with a speed of 1.732 m/s in east to west
direction.In which direction should a boy based on angle between VBR and VR they are
waiting at a bus stop hold his umbrella.? 1) Down stream(   00 ):
vw N
VBR
VR
 W E
Resultant velocity of the boat = VBR  VR
vr
R The time taken for the boat to move a distance
S `d’ along the direction of flow of water is.
Sol. If R is the resultant of velocity of rain ( Vr ) and d
t1 
velocity of wind ( Vw ) then VBR  VR .............(1)
2
R = v 2r + v w2 = 12 + 1.732  ms-1 = 2ms-1 2) Up stream (   1800 ) :
The direction  that R makes with the vertical is Resultant velocity of the boat = VBR  VR
The time taken for the boat to move a distance
vw 3
given by tanθ = = = 600 `d’ opposite to the direction of flow of water is.
vr 1
d
Therefore, the boy should hold his umbrella in the t2 
vertical plane at an angle of about 600 with the VBR  VR .......................(2)
vertical towards the east. t1 VBR  VR
W.E - 19 : Rain is falling vertically with a speed of From equation (1) and (2) t  V  V
1m/s . A woman rides a bicycle with a speed 2 BR R
of 1.732 m/s in east to west direction. What time taken by person to go down stream a
is the direction in which she should hold her distance `d’ and come back is
umbrella ? d d
Sol. In Fig. vr represents the velocity of rain and vb , T  t1  t2  
VBR  VR VBR  VR
the velocity of the bicycle, the woman is riding.
Both these velocities are with respect to the 3) General approach :
ground.Since the woman is riding a bicycle, the Suppose the boat starts at point A on one bank with
velocity of rain as experienced by velocity VBR and reaches the other bank at point D
vb N
C VR B D
VBRcos


W E
vr d V BR
v rb 

-v b S
here is the velocity of rain relative to the velocity VBRsin  A
of the bicycle she is riding. That is vrb = vr - vb The component of velocity of boat anti parallel to
This relative velocity vector as shown in Fig. the flow of water is VBR sin 
makes an angle  with the vertical.It is given by The component of velocity of boat perpendicular
v to the flow of water is VBR cos 
3
Tan θ = b =  θ = 60o  The time taken by the boat to cross the river is,
v 1
r d
Therefore,the woman should hold her umbrella at an t
angle of about 600 with the vertical towards the west. VBR cos 

NARAYANAGROUP 105
MOTION IN A PLANE JEEJEE
MAINS
JEE-ADV - C.W - VOL
PHYSICS-VOL
MAINS - VOL - -VI-I II

 Along the flow of water, distance travelled by the

V 
boat (or) drift is x  (VR  VBR Sin )t θ = tan-1  R  with the normal.
 VBR 
 d  iv)The distance (BC) travelled downstream
x  (V R  V B R sin )  
 V B R cos   d 
=VR   is called drift
 (a) The boat reaches the other end of the river to  vBR 
the right of B if VR >VBRsin 
Motion of a Boat Crossing the River in
(b) The boat reaches the other end of the river to Shortest Distance
the left of B if VR < VBRsin 
C VR B
(c) The boat reaches the exactly opposite point
on the bank if VR = VBRsin 
Motion of a Boat Crossing the River in
Shortest Time
VBR d
B VR C


VBR A
d
 i) The boat is to be rowed upstream making some
angle ' θ with normal to the bank of the river which
V 
is given by θ = sin-1  R 
A  VBR 
 
If V BR , V R are the velocities of a boat and river ii) The angle made by boat with the river flow (or)
flow respectively then to cross the river in shortest bank is = 900 +θ

time, the boat is to be rowed across the river i.e., iii) Velocity of boat w.r.t. ground has a magnitude
along normal to the banks of the river.
of VB= VBR2 -VR2

d
i) Time taken to cross the river, t= V where d d
BR
iv) The time taken to cross the river is t = V 2 -V 2
= width of the river. This time is independent of BR R
velocity of the river flow
Note : VBR = Relative velocity of the boat w.r.t
ii) Velocity of boat w.r.t. ground has a magnitude river (or) velocity of boat in still water.
of VB= VBR2 +VR2

iii) The direction of the resultant velocity is

106 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL
JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE

W.E -20: A boat is moving with a velocity Sol : Let v be the river velocity and u be the velocity of
swimmer in still water. Then
v = 5 km/hr relative to water. At time
bw
 d 
t = 0. the boat passes through a piece of cork t1  2   .....(i )
2 2
floating in water while moving down  u v 
stream.If it turns back at time t1  30 min. d d 2ud
a) when the boat meet the cork again ? t2    2 2 ........(ii )
u v u v u v
b) The distance travelled by the boat during
this time. 2d
and t 3  ..............(iii)
u
t=0
from equation (i) ,(ii) and (iii)
t12  t2t3  t1  t2t3
W.E - 22: Two persons P and Q crosses the river
starting from point A on one side to exactly
Sol. opposite point B on the other bank of the
C river.The person P crosses the river in the
VW VW shortest path. The person Q crosses the river
in shortest time and walks back to point B.
Let AB =d is the distance travelled by boat along Velocity of river is 3 kmph and speed of each
down stream in ` t1 ’ sec and it returns back and person is 5kmph w.r.t river.If the two persons
reach the point B in the same time, then the
it meets the cork at point C after ` t2 ’ sec.
speed of walk of Q is.
 Let AC=x is the distance travelled by the cork Sol :
during  t1  t2  sec. For person (P) : For person(Q) :
d  VB  VW  t1................(1) C B B x C
d  x  VB  Vw  t2 ............. 2 
and x  Vw  t1  t2  ............. 3 VB VB
Substitute (1) and (3) in (2) we get t1  t2 A VW
 The boat meets the cork again aft er A VW
T  2t1  60 min and the distance (AB+BC)
d d d
travelled by the boat before meets the cork is tP   
2
VB  Vw
2
52  32 4
D  2d  x
D  2(VB  Vw ) t1  Vw 2t1 d d
tQ   , tP  tQ  t
VB 5
D  2VBt1  2Vwt1  2Vwt1
30 d d x d
D  2VBt1  2  5   5km   , But x  VW
60 4 5 Vman VB
W.E- 21: A swimmer crosses a flowing stream of d d VW d d d 3d
  ,  
width `d’ to and fro normal to the flow of the 4 5 VBVman 4 5  5 Vman
river in time t1 . The time taken to cover the
1 1 3 1 3
same distance up and down the stream is t2.   , 
4 5 5Vman 20 5Vman
If t3. is the time the swimmer would take to
Vman 
 3 20   12kmph
swim a distance 2d in still water, then relation
5
between t1 , t2. & t3.

NARAYANAGROUP 107
MOTION IN A PLANE JEEJEE
MAINS
JEE-ADV - C.W - VOL
PHYSICS-VOL
MAINS - VOL - -VI-I II

 When a body is moving in a plane Here vx = u cosθ and

a) A body can have any angle between velocity
and acceleration v y = u y + a y t = usinθ - gt
b) If the angle between velocity and 
Hence v = ucosθ ˆi + ( usinθ - gt) ˆj
acceleration is acute, velocity increases.
c) If the angle between velocity and acceleration magnitude of velocity is given by
is obtuse, velocity decreases. 2
v = v2x +v2y =  ucosθ +  usinθ-gt 
2

d) If the angle between velocity and

acceleration is a right angle, velocity remains direction of velocity is given by
constant.
e) A body can have constant speed and  vy   u sin  - gt 
changing velocity   tan -1    tan -1  
f) A body cannot have constant velocity and  vx   u cos  
changing speed. 
Displacement vector ( s )
Projectiles : 
displacement s  x i  y j here
Oblique Projectile : horizontal displacement during a time t
 Any body projected into air with some velocity
x  u xt   u cos   t
at an angle ‘  ’ [   (900 and 00)] with the
horizontal is called an oblique projectile. vertical displacement during a time t
1 1
y  u y t  gt 2   u sin   t  gt 2
y vy 2 2
Equation of projectile
v  g  2 2
y   tan   x   2 2  x  Ax  Bx
u sin    2u cos  
Where A and B are constants
u vx H
g
 A  tan , B  2
x 2u cos2 
u cos 
R Time of flight (T)
 Horizontal component of velocity u x  u cos  , Time of ascent  ta  = Time of descent  td 
remains constant throughout the journey. uy u sin 
Vertical component of velocity u y  u sin  ,  
g g
gradually decreases to zero and then gradually
2u y 2u sin 
increases to u sin  . It varies at the rate ‘g’. Time of flight T = ta + td = 
g g
horizontal component of acceleration, ax  0
 During time of flight
vertical component of acceleration , a y   g 1) angle between velocity and acceleration
At the Point of Projection vectors changes from  900    to  900    .
(a) Horizontalcomponent ofvelocity u x = u cos 2) change in momentum is 2 mu sin  .
(b)Vertical component of velocity u y  u sin  (In general, change in momentum P  mgT  )
 3) vertical displacement is 0.
(c) velocity vector u   u cos   i   u sin   j 4) The angle between velocity and acceleration
(d) Angle between velocity and acceleration during the rise of projectile is 1800>  >900
is  90    5) The angle between velocity and acceleration
 At any instant ‘t’ during the fall of projectile is 00<  <900
 
Velocity vector ( v ) is v = v x i + v y j

108 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL
JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE
Maximum height (H) are respectively x  at and y  bt  ct 2 then
2 2 2
u u sin 
y b
H   1) angle of projection   tan 1  
2g 2g a
 At maximum height 2) velocity of projection u  a 2  b 2
1) The vertical component of velocity becomes 3) acceleration of projectile = 2c
zero.
2) The velocity of the projectile is minimum b2
4) maximum height reached =
at the highest point and is equal to u cos  4c
and is horizontal. ab
3) Acceleration is equal to acceleration due to 5) horizontal range =
gravity ‘g’, and it always acts vertically c
downwards.  In case of complimentary angles of projection
4) The angle between velocity and 1) If T1 and T2 are the times of flight then
acceleration is 900. T1 2R
Range (R): i) T  tan  ii) T1T2  T T R
2u u 2 g  1 2
 R  u xT  x y (or) 2)If H1 and H 2 are maximum heights then
g
2u sin  u 2 sin 2 H1 2 u2
R   u cos   T  u cos    i) H  tan  H
ii) 1  H 2 
g g 2 2g
1) Range is maximum when   45 0
iii) R  4 H1 H 2 iv) Rmax  2  H1  H 2 
u2  If a man throws a body to a maximum distance ‘R’
2) Maximum range, max R  then he can project the body to maximum vertical
g
height R/2.
R u2 If a man throws a body to a maximum distance ‘R’
3) When ‘R’ is maximum, HMax= 4Max = 4g 
then maximum height attained by it in its path is R/4.
4) For given velocity of projection range is same
for complimentary angles of projection At the point of striking the ground
1) Horizontal component of velocity = u cos 
i.e 1   2  90 
0

2) Vertical component of velocity = -u sin 

 Relation between H, T and R
3) Speed of projection is equal to striking
H g H tan  R g speed of projectile.
1) 2
 (b)  (c) 2 
T 8 R 4 T 2 tan  4) Angle of projection is equal to the striking
gT 2 angle of projectile
2) R  and if   450 then 5) If the angle of projection with the horizontal is
2 tan 
gT 2 2R
 then angle of deviation is 2
R T   The projectile crosses the points A, D in time
2 g
interval t1 seconds and B,C in time interval
 If y  Ax  Bx 2 represents equation of a
projectile then 2 2 8h
t2 seconds then t1  t2 
1) Angle of projection  = tan-1(A) g
(h is the distance between BC and AD)
2) Initial velocity

u 

g 1  A2 
2B
A
3) Range of the projectile R =
B
A2
4) Maximum height H =
4B
B C
2A2 h
5) Time of flight  T  
D
Bg
A
 If horizontal and vertical displacement of projectile

NARAYANAGROUP 109
MOTION IN A PLANE JEEJEE
MAINS
JEE-ADV - C.W - VOL
PHYSICS-VOL
MAINS - VOL - -VI-I II

 A projectile is fired with a speed u at an angle  ii) If u1 cos 1  u 2 cos  2 ( initial horizontal
with the horizontal. Its speed when its direction components)
of motion makes an angle  with the horizontal.
y
v = u cos  sec 

y
Then slope 
u sin  u x
 v cos  x
 v The path is a vertical straight line
u cos  1
 For a projectile, ‘y’ component of velocity at
 v cos   u cos  v  u cos  sec  nth
 If a body is projected with a velocity u making an u sin 
angle  with the horizontal, the time after which of the maximum height is
n
direction of velocity is perpendicular to the initial
1
u cosecθ u  Resultant velocity at a height of
velocity is t  g

g sin 
nth
of maximum height
and its velocity at that instant is v = u cot 
2
 The path of projectile as seen from 2 2 2  usinθ 
v= v +v =
x y  ucosθ  + 
another projectile  n 
Suppose two bodies A and B are projected
simultaneously from the same point with initial (n  1) cos2   1
u
velocities u1 and u2 at angles 1 and 2 with n
horizontal. If n = 2, velocity of a projectile at half of maximum
The instantaneous positions of the two bodies 1  cos 2 
are given by height = u
2
1 2
Body A : x1  u1 cos 1t , y1  u1 sin 1t  gt  For a projectile, w.r.t stationary frame path (or)
2 trajectory is a parabola.
1 2  Path of projectile w.r.t frame of another projectile
Body B : x2  u2 cos  2t , y2  u2 sin  2t  gt is a straight line
2
 Acceleration of a projectile relative to another
1
x  u cos   u cos  t
1 2 2 projectile is zero
y   u1 sin 1  u2 sin  2  t  A body is projected vertically up from a topless
car relative to the car which is moving horizontally
y u1 sin 1  u2 sin  2 relative to earth
slope = x  u cos   u cos  a) If car velocity is constant, ball will be caught by
1 1 2 2
the thrower.
i) If u1 sin 1  u 2 sin  2 ( initial vertical b) If car velocity is constant, path of ball relative
y to the ground is a parabola and relative to this car
components) then slope 0 is straight up and then straight down
x
c) If the car accelerates, ball falls back relative to
y the car
d) If the car retards ball falls forward relative to
the car
 If a gun is aimed towards a target and the bullet is
fired, the moment when the target falls, the bullet
x will always hit the target irrespective of the velocity
The path is a horizontal straight line of the bullet if it is with in the range.
110 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL
JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE
Note : If air resistance is taken into consideration then g  9.8ms 2 ,   ?
a) trajectory departs from parabola.
b) time of flight may increase or decrease. u02 sin 2
R
c) the velocity with which the body strikes the g
ground decreases Rg
d) maximum height may decrease. sin 2     300 or 600
e) striking angle increases u0 2
f) range decreases. 2u0 sin
 using, T 
 A particle is projected with a velocity u  ai  b j g
then the radius of curvature of the trajectory of 2  240  0.5
the particle at the When   300 , T1   24.5s
9.8
3/2

(i) point of projection is r=

a 2
+b2  When   600 , T2 
2  240  0.867
 42.46s
9.8
ga W.E -25: The ceiling of a long hall is 20 m high.
a 2 What is the maximum horizontal distance
(ii) Highest point is r= that a ball thrown with a speed of 40 ms 1
g
Expression for radius of curvature is can go without hitting the ceiling of the

hall  g  10ms 2  ?
 velocity 2
r Sol. : Here, H =20 m, u  40ms 1.
normalacceleration
Suppose the ball is thrown at an angle  with the
u 2 cos2  horizontal.
r 2
g cos3  u 2 sin 2   40 sin 2 
 Now H   20 
α is angle made by v with horizontal 2g 2  10
0
W.E - 23 : A bullet fired at an angle of 300 with the or, sin   0.5    30
horizontal hits the ground 3.0 km away. By 2
u 2 sin 2  40   sin 60
0

adjusting its angle of projection, can one Now R  

hope to hit a target 5.0 km away? Assume g 10
2
the muzzle speed to be fixed, and neglect air

 40   0.866  138.56m
resistance. 10
Sol . We are given that angle of projection with the W.E -26: A ball projected with a velocity of 10m/s
horizontal,   300 , horizontal range R = 3km. at angle of 300 with horizontal just clears two
vertical poles each of height 1m. Find
u 2 s in 2 
R  0 separation between the poles.
g Y
2 0 2
u s in 6 0
0 u0 3
3  
g g 2 P R
u02
or  2 3km
g 0
30
Since the muzzle speed (u0 ) is fixed X
O Q S
2
u 1 1
h  uyt  gt 2  10sin300  t   10 t 2
0
Rmax   2 3  2 1.732  3.464km Sol.
g 2 2
so, it is not possible to hit the target 5km away. 1  5t  5t 2  t  0.72 s, 2.76s are the
W.E -24: A cannon and a target are 5.10 km instants at which projectile crosses the poles.
apart and located at the same level. How soon
will the shell launched with the initial  separation between poles = OS - OQ
velocity 240 m/s reach the target in the  u cos   t2  t1 
absence of air drag ?
= 10 cos300  2.76  0.72   17.7m
Sol . Here, u0 =240 ms 1 , R =5.10 km =5100m,

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W.E -27 : A body is projected with velocity u at an
 x
angle of projection  with the horizontal.The But equation of trajectory is y  x tan  1  
 R
body makes 300 with horizontal at t = 2
second and then after 1 second it reaches  yR 
tan          (ii )
the maximum height. Then find
 xR  x
a) angle of projection b) speed of projection.
Sol. During the projectile motion, angle at any instant From Eqs. (i) and (ii), tan   tan   tan 
t is such that
usinθ-gt W.E -29: The velocity of a projectile at its greatest
tanα=
ucosθ 2
height is times its velocity, at half of itss
For t = 2 seconds,   300 5
1 usinθ-2g greatest height, find the angle of projection.
= --------- (1)
3 ucosθ
For t = 3 seconds, at the highest point   0o 2 1  cos2 
Sol.: u cos  u
5 2
usinθ-3g
0= Squaring on both sides
ucosθ
usinθ=3g ------------(2) 2  1  cos2  
u 2 cos 2   u 2  
using eq. (1) and eq. (2) 5  2 
ucosθ= 3g......................(3) 10 cos 2   2  2 cos 2 
Eq. (2)  eq.(3) give   600 squaring and 1
adding equation (2) and (3)  8cos2   2  cos2      600
4
u  20 3 m / s.
W.E-28: A particle is thrown over a triangle from W.E -30: A foot ball is kicked off with an initial
one end of horizontal base and grazing the speed of 19.6 m/s to have maximum range. Goal
vertex falls on the other end of the base.If  keeper standing on the goal line 67.4 m away
and  are the base angles and  be the angle in the direction of the kick starts running
of projection, prove that opposite to the direction of kick to meet the ball
at that instant. What must his speed be if he is
tan   tan   tan  . to catch the ball before it hits the ground?
Sol.: The situation is shown in figure.From figure,we have 2

Y u 2 sin 2 19.6   sin 90

Sol.: R  
g 9.8
or R= 39.2 metre.
Man must run 67.4 m -39.2m=28.2m in the time
taken by the ball to come to ground Time taken
A(x,y) by the ball.
2u sin  2 19.6  sin 450 4
y t  
 g 9.8 2
 
x R-x x t  2 2  2  1.41  2.82sec.
O
28.2m
y y Velocity of man   10m / sec.
tan   tan    2.82sec
x Rx
yR
tan   tan   _______(1)
x R  x

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2vy 25
W.E -31: A body projected from a point `0’ at an t    1s
g 10
angle  , just crosses a wall `y’ m high at a W.E - 33: A projectile of 2 kg has velocities
distance `x’ m from the point of projection 3 m/s and 4 m/s at two points during its flight
and strikes the ground at `Q’ beyond the wall in the uniform gravitational field of the
as shown, then find height of the wall earth. If these two velocities are  to each
Y other then the minimum KE of the particle
during its flight is
Sol. v1 cos   v2 cos (90   )
-1
3 ms

3 cos   4 sin 

3
tan  
y 4
0
 1 90 -
x (R - x) KE min  mv12 cos 2  -1
X 2 4 ms
O Q
R=range
2
Sol . We know that the equation of the trajectory is 1  4  9  16
  2  32      5.76 J
2 5 25
gx 2
y  x tan   can be written as
2u 2 cos 2 
W.E-34: In the absence of wind the range and
 gx 2  sin  maximum height of a projectile were R and
y  x tan    2 2 
 2u cos   sin  H. If wind imparts a horizontal acceleration
x 2 tan 
a =g/4 to the projectile then find the
gx 2 tan   y  x tan   2 maximum range and maximum height.
y  x tan   2 u sin 2
u (2sin  cos  ) g Sol : H 1  H ( u sin  remains same )
 x
 y  x tan  1   [ R 
u 2 sin 2
]
T1  T
 R g 1 1g 2
R1  u xT  aT 2  R  T
W.E - 32: A particle is projected with a velocity of 10 2 2 24
m/s at an angle of 450 with the horizontal . Find 1 2
= R  gT  RH
the interval between the moments when speed is 8

125 m/s  g  10m / s

2
 R1  R  H H1  H
Sol.
 If a body is projected with a velocity

   

t u  ai  bj  ck

v  125 m / s 
( i  east j  north k  vertical ) then
u x  10 2 cos 450  10m / s, u y  10 2 sin 450  10m / s
v 2  v x2  v 2y
125  100  v 2y  v y  5m / s  vx  ux  ux  a 2  b2 ; u y  c

The required time interval is

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e) The angle at which it strikes the ground
T
2c
;H 
c 2
,R 
2  a 2  b2 c  2 gh 
g 2g g   tan 1  
 u 
W.E-35: A particle is projected from the ground f) If  is angle of elevation of point of projection
from the point where body hits the ground then
with an initial speed v at an angle  with
horizontal.The average velocity of the h gt 2 /2 gt
tanα = = =
particle between its point of projection and R ut 2u
highest point of trajectory is [EAM 2013] tanθ
 tanα =
Y 2
 is the angle with which body reaches the
ground
Case (i) : If the body is projected at an angle 
in upward direction from the top of the tower,then
Sol. u
H 
 X
R/2
h
 
 v + u ucosθiˆ + (ucosθiˆ + usinθj)
ˆ
v avg = =
2 2
v x
v av = 1+ 3cos 2 θ a) The time taken by projectile to reach same level
2 2u sin 
 Horizontal projectile as point of projection is T 
g
When a body is projected horizontally with a
b) The time taken by projectile to reach ground is
velocity from a point above the ground level, it is
called a Horizontal Projectile. 1 2
calculated from h   u sin   t  gt
 Path of the Horizontal Projectile is parabola 2
u c) The horizontal distance from foot of the tower
h where t he projectile lands is given by
x  u cos  t
 d) The velocity with which it strikes the ground
R
v  u 2  2 gh
2h
a) Time of descent t  (is independent ofu) e) The angle at which it strikes the ground
g
b) The horizontal displacement (or) range
 -usinθ + gt 
α = tan -1 
Ru
2h  ucosθ 
g  u 2 sin 2 θ + 2gh 
-1
c) The velocity of projectile at any instant of time (or) α = tan  
 ucosθ 
is v = u 2 + g 2 t 2
Case (ii) : If the body is projected at angle 
1  gt  from top of the tower in the downward direction,
The direction of velocity   tan   then
u
d) The velocity with which it hits the ground
v = u 2 + 2gh
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 with each other is

u
2 u1u2 
h x   u1  u2  cot
g 2
 Two tall towers having heights h1 and h2 are
separated by a distance d. A person throws a ball
x
a) The time taken by projectile to reach ground horizontally with velocity u from the top of the first
tower to reach the top of the second tower then
1 2
is calculated from h   u sin   t  gt u
2
b) The horizontal distance from foot of the h1  h2 
tower where the projectile lands is given by
h1
x  u cos  t
c) The velocity with which it strikes the ground h2

v  u 2  2 gh d

d) The angle at which it strikes the ground 2  h1  h2 

a) Time taken t 
 u 2 sin 2   2 gh  g
  tan 1   b) Horizontal distance travelled d  ut
 u cos  
 A ball rolls off from the top of a stair case with a
 When an object is dropped from an aeroplane horizontal velocity u. If each step has a height ‘h’
moving horizontally with constant velocity and width “b” then the ball will just hit the nth step,
a) Path of the object relative to the earth is directly if n equal to
parabola
1 2
b) Path of the object relative to pilot is a straight nb = ut and nh = gt
line vertically down. 2
 Two bodies are projected horizontally from top
of the tower of height h in opposite directions u

with velocities u1 and u2 then b

h
a) The time after which their velocity vectors 1
are making an angle  with each other 2
u1u2  n
t cot
g 2 R
b) The distance between them when their
velocity vectors are making an angle  with
2hu 2
u1u 2  n=
gb 2
each other x   u1  u2  cot
g 2  From the top of the tower of height h , one stone
c) The time after which their position vectors is thrown towards east with velocity u 1 and
are making an angle  with each other another is thrown towards north with velocity u 2 .
The distance between them after striking the
2 u1u2 
 cot ground,
g 2
d) The distance between them when their 2h
d  t u12  u22 , t  g
displacement vectors are making an angle 

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W.E -36: A ball is thrown from the top of a tower of W.E - 38: A golfer standing on the ground hits a
61 m high with a velocity 24.4 ms 1 at an ball with a velocity of 52 m/s at an angle 
elevation of 300 above the horizontal . What 5
is the distance from the foot of the tower to above the horizontal if tan   find the
12
the point where the ball hits the ground? time for which the ball is at least 15m above
Sol. :
the ground?
u sin 
u  g  10m / s 2 

u cos  Sol. v y = u y 2 - 2gy , u y = usinθ

5 5
vy  52  52   2  10  15
h 13 13

= 16 × 25 - 300 = 10
2v y
2 ×10
1 Δt = = = 2s
h  gt 2  (u sin  )t  t  5 sec onds 10 10
2
W.E - 39: Two paper screens A and B are separated
Also, d   u cos   t  105.65m by a distance of 100m. A bullet pierces A and
W.E -37: A particle is projected from a tower as B. The hole in B is 10 cm below the hole in
shown in figure, then find the distance from A. If the bullet is travelling horizontally at
the foot of the tower where it will strike the the time of hitting the screen A, calculate
ground.  g  10m / s 2  the velocity of the bullet when it hits the
screen A. Neglect resistance of paper and air.
37 0 Sol. : The situation is shown in Fig.

1500 m 500 P u Q
m/s
3
0.1 m

R
Sol.:
500 100 m B
sin 37 0 A
u y  u sin  
3
2  h1  h2  2  0.1
1 d u  100  u 9.8  u  700m / s.
s = ut + at 2 g
2
W.E -40: A boy aims a gun at a bird from a point,
 500  1 at a horizontal distance of 100m. If the gun
1500   sin 37  t  10t 2
 3  2 can impart a velocity of 500m/sec to the
500  3  2 bullet, at what height above the bird must he
1500    t  5t aim his gun in order to hit it?
3 5
300  20t  t 2  t  20 s Sol : x = vt or 100 = 500× t ; t  0.2sec.
 horizontal distance = ( u cos ) t 1 2
Now h  0   10   0.2  = 0.20m = 20cm.
500  4  4000 2
   10  m
3 5 3
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W.E - 41:An enemy plane is flying horizontally at WE- 43: From points A and B, at the respective
an altitude of 2 km with a speed of 300 ms-1. heights of 2m and 6m, two bodies are thrown
An army man with an anti - aircraft gun on simultaneously towards each other, one is
the ground sights enemy plane when it is thrown horizontally with a velocity of 8m/s
directly overhead and fires a shell with a and the other, downward at an angle 450 to
-1
muzzle speed of 600ms . At what angle with the horizontal at an initial velocity v0 such
the vertical should the gun be fired so as to that the bodies collide in flight. The
hit the plane? horizontal distance between points A and B
Sol. Let G be the position of the gun and E that of the equal to 8m . Then find
enemy plane flying horizontally with speed. a) The initial velocity V0 of the body thrown
E P at an angle 450
u b) The time of flight t of the bodies before
colliding
v0 c) The coordinate (x,y) of the point of
collision (consider the bottom of the tower A
vy as origin) is
B
450

4m
V0

A
0
(90 -) Sol : 2m 2m

 Ground 8m
a) From diagram
G 4 1
vx tan    tan   .................(1)
-1 8 2
u = 300ms , when the shell is fired with a speed   
v0 , vx  v0 cos  v A = 8i, v B = -v 0cos450 ˆi - v0sin450 ˆj
ˆ
The shell will hit the plane, if the horizontal distance   v  v
EP travelled by the plane in time t = the distance v BA =  - 0 - 8  i - 0 j
travelled by the shell in the horizontal direction in  2  2

the same time, i.e. Direction of vBA
u × t = v x × t or u = v x  u = v0 cosθ v0 2
tanθ =
or cosθ = =
u 300
= 0.5 or   600 2 v0 + 8 2 .................(2)
 
v0 600 From eq (1) and eq (2)
Therefore, angle with the vertical  900    300.
W.E -42: From the top of a tower, two balls are 2v0 = v0 + 8 2 , v0 = 11.28m / s
thrown horizontally with velocities u1 and u2
in opposite directions. If their velocities are   v0  v
perpendicular to each other just before they b) v BA =  - - 8  iˆ - 0 ˆj
strike the ground, find the height of tower.  2  2

2h  v0 = 8 2 Þ v BA = -16iˆ - 8jˆ
Sol. Time taken to reach ground t  
g | v BA | t = SBA
at time of reaching ground respective velocities
 
are v1 = u1 i + gt j, v 2 = -u 2 i + gt j   16 
2
  8 
2
t  82  42

  u1u2 80 1

t   t  0.5s
Given v1.v 2 = 0 , t  320 4
g c)
2h uu uu x = v x t =  8 0.5  = 4
  1 2 h 1 2
g g 2g 1 2 1 1
is the height of the tower. y' = gt = ×10× = 1.25
2 2 4
y = 2 - y' = 0.75

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Motion of a Projected Body on an inclined Down the plane : Here, x and y-directions are
plane : down the plane and perpendicular to plane
 A body is projected up the inclined plane from respectively
y
the point O with an initial velocity v0 at an angle
 with horizontal. x
x u
v 0
x 
A g sin
 
g g cos
  
 O
u x  u cos(   ), ax  g sin 
O B
x' u y  u sin(   ), a y   g cos 
y' Proceeding in the similar manner , we get the
x following results
y 2u sin(   )
g sin  T ,
g cos 
g cos
u2
 R sin  2     sin  
 g cos 2  
O g B W.E -44: A particle is projected horizontally with a
x1 speed “u” from the top of plane inclined at
y1 an angle “  ” with the horizontal. How far
a) Acceleration along x  axis , a x = -gsin α from the point of projection will the particle
strike the plane ?
b) Acceleration along y  axis , a y = - g c o s α u
c) Component of velocity along x  axis 
u x = v0cos  θ - α 
d) Component of velocity along y  axis y
R
u y = v0sin  θ- α
2v0sin  θ - α  
e) Time of flight T = x
gcosα
x
f) Range of projectile (OA) y 
R  x2  y 2   tan  
v 20 x 
R= sin  2θ - α  - sinα  . (or)
gcos2α  2
 x 2   x tan    x 1  tan 2   x sec 
2v02sin  θ - α  cosθ
R= 1 2 y 1 gt 2
gcos 2 α x  ut ; y gt ; 
2 x 2 ut
 gt 2u
For maximum range  2     tan   ; t  tan 
2 2u g
v 20 1- sinα  2u 2
 R max = x  ut  tan  ;
gcos 2 α g
g) T 2 g  2 R max 2u 2
R  tan  sec 
horizontal range (OB) x  R cos  g

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W.E 45: A projectile has the maximum range of 
500m. If the projectile is now thrown up on Average angular velocity av 
t
an inclined plane of 300 with the same instantaneous angular velocity is
speed , what is the distance covered by it     d
along the inclined plane?   Lt   
t 0 t
  dt
Sol:
SI unit rad S1
2
u 1
R max =  Dimensional Formula T 
g
Angular velocity is an axial vector.
u2 Its direction is given by right hand screw rule
 500 = or u = 500g
g Its direction is along axis of rotation
v 2 - u 2 = 2as Note:
 When a body makes ‘N’ revolutions in ‘t’ sec then
0 - 500g = 2×  -gsin300  x
2πN
x = 500m. its average angular velocity is ω =
t
Circular Motion  If a particle makes ‘n’ rotations per sec its angular
 Radius Vector : The line joining the centre velocity is   2 n
of rotation to position of particle in circular path is 2
   2 n
called radius vector T
 Angular displacement : The angle turned by the Angular velocity of hands of a clock:
radius vector in a given time interval is called angular  Angular velocity of seconds hand
displacement  2 2  1
   rad S
T 60 30
 Angular velocity of minutes hand
arc length 2 
d    rad S 1
radius 60  60 1800
d Angular velocity of hours hand
B 
A 2 
SI unit : Radian   rad S 1
 Small angular displacements are vectors 12  3600 21600
Large angular displacements are scalars as they  In case of self rotation of earth about its own axis

do not obey commutative law 2
 rad / sec
 The direction of angular displacement is along the axis 24  60  60
of rotation and it is given by right hand screw rule. P
 When a particle completes one revolution the

angular displacement is   2 radian
 
 When a particle completes N revolutions in a circle A
O
the angular displacement is   N  2  
 When an object moves in circular path at a
constant speed, the motion is uniform circular
motion In the above fig, let the angular velocity of particle
(P) about the point ‘O’ is 0 , Let the angular
Angular Velocity  
The time rate of change of angular displacement velocity of particle about A is  A then 0   A
of particle is called angular velocity
 If  is angular displacement in small interval of
time t then

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A of angular velocity.
 If a particle rotates with uniform angular velocity
then   0
B  If the particle has constant angular acceleration
 O
(   constant ), then we use following equations
of motion
In the above fig. if two particles A and B are 1 2
moving in same circular path in the same direction,   0  t ,   0 t  t
2
for a person at the centre of the circle 2 2
BA  B   A   0  2
Time taken by one particle to complete one WE 46: When a motor cyclist takes a U-turn in 4s
rotation with respect to another particle is what is the average angular velocity of the
motor cyclist.
2 2 TT Sol. When the motor cyclist takes a U-turn, angular
T   A B
rel  B   A TA  TB displacement,    rad and t = 4 s.
vB The average angular velocity,
vA  
    0.7855rad s 1
rA t 4
rB Note:In general we can also use the following

equations to solve the problems
 
If two particles A and B are moving in concentric av  ,  av 
t t
circles as shown in the fig. , if they are nearer to
d d d 2  d
each other.   ,   2 
dt dt dt d
rrel  rB  rA , vrel = vB - vA
v
ωrel = rel = B A
v -v  d   dt ,  d   dt ,   d    d
rrel rB - rA Relation between linear and angular
Angular acceleration (  ) variables
The time rate of change of angular velocity of a  Relation between linear and angular displacement
particle is called angular acceleration is ds  rd
If  be the change in angular velocity of the  Relation between linear and angular velocities is
  
particle in time interval ‘ t ’ while moving v  r , v   r
on a circular path, then  Relation between tangential and angular
   
Average angular acceleration  av  acceleration is a t = rα , a t = α × r
t
Instantaneous angular acceleration  Linear acceleration of a particle moving in a circle.
  
 d  We know v    r diff. w.r.t time, we get
 inst  Lt    
t 0 t dt d v d    d r
 r 
d d 2 d dt dt dt
 Note:    2       
 SI units rad.sec-2
dt dt d
  
a = α× r + ω× v 
  
 Dimensional formula   T 2
 but   r  a t , it is tangential acceleration
  
 Its direction is in the direction of change in angular   v  a c , it is centripetal acceleration
velocity and it is given by right hand screw rule. Due to change in direction of velocity there is an
When angular velocity increases the direction of  acceleration and is always directed towards the
angular acceleration is in the direction of angular centre. This is called centripetal or radial
velocity acceleration and the corresponding force acting
 When angular velocity decreases the direction of towards the centre is called centripetal force
angular acceleration is in the opposite direction

120 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL
JEE MAINS - VOL - -VII MOTION IN A PLANE

W.E -47: What is the linear velocity of a person at If  is the angle made by ‘a’ with a c
equator of the earth due to its spinning
motion? ( Radius of the earth = 6400km). at
then Tan = a
Sol. The earth completes one rotation in 24 hour. Its c
angular velocity.
Net force F  Fc2  Ft 2
2 N 2 1  Uniform circular motion:
   rad s 1 In the above case if a c  0 , a t  0 , then the
t 24  60  60 43, 200
particle under go uniform circular motion (or)
The linear velocity , When a particle moves in a circular path with
 constant speed then it is said be in uniform circular
v  R  6.4  106   465.5m / s motion. in this case the acceleration of the particle
43, 200
Centripetal Acceleration  a r or a c  is a  v    v 2 / r  r 2 ,
When a particle is moving along a circle of radius In uniform circular motion

r with a uniform speed v, then the centripetal (a) magnitude of velocity does not change
acceleration is a r . (b) direction of velocity changes
      (c) velocity changes

ar    v      r  (d) angular velocity is constant
v2 2 2
(e) centripetal acceleration changes (only in
a r  v  r2  = 4 f r direction)
r
   (f) linear momentum changes
 The directions of a r ,  and v are mutually
(g) angular momentum w.r. to centre does not
perpendicular.
Position vector is always perpendicular to velocity change
 
vector. i.e, r.v  0 Non Uniform Circular motion:
Velocity vector is always perpendicular to the In a circular motion if a c  0 , a t  0 then the
  
centripetal acceleration vector is v.a c  0 particle undergo non uniform circular motion, in
 this case the acceleration of particle is given by
  
Position vector r and centripetal acceleration
a = a c2 + a t2

 
a r are always antiparallel. If  is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then
Tangential acceleration a
 Due to change in magnitude of velocity (speed) Tan = t
of a particle in circular motion, it has tangential ac
acceleration and the corresponding force is called For a particle in non uniform circular motion, the
tangential force
resultant force on the particle is F  Fc2  Ft 2
dv   
at = also at  r ( a t = α × r ) In non uniform circular motion
dt (a) both magnitude and direction of velocity
dv changes
Ft = ma t = m = mrα
dt (b) angular velocity  changes
Net linear acceleration of particle in circular motion (c) linear momentum and angular momentum are
not conserved
a = a 2c + a t2 Note: In circular motion
at a c  is towards centre
a v, a t  are along tangential direction
 d ,  ,   are along axis of rotation
ac p
O

NARAYANAGROUP 121