LESSON 1: THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

What I Know (Pretest)

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
D 1. It refers to anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message.
a. Medium c. individual
b. Technology d. interference
A 2. It refers to the tools used by the source to disseminate information to the receivers.
a. Media c. literacy
b. Technology d. information
C 3. It pertains to any information that is passed on through communication.
a. Receiver c. message
b. Media d. source
B 4. It refers to the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive
messages.
a. Context c. feedback
b. Environment d. interference
C 5. New media is also referred to as__________________
a. Social Media c. the internet
b. Wi-Fi d. artificial intelligence

ACTIVITY 1.1: Breaking Down Miscommunication

In your notebook try to recall a major miscommunication or misunderstanding that you
were involved in and its consequences. Describe such situation. In what component/s of the
communication process do you think did the problem originate? Explain what you did about it
and give suggestions on how problems as such can be avoided in the future.

Answer: The last time I had a major miscommunication or misunderstanding with someone is
when my friends and I went for a road trip before the pandemic. While driving, we decided to
meet at a certain place to take pictures so I called my friend who was in another motorcycle,
but because of the strong wind and the noise coming from other vehicles we didn’t understand
each other and because of that we didn’t meet at the place I’ve mentioned. In the component
of the communication process, the environment is where the problem came from. In order to
solve the problem, we stopped to a place not too far from the road and called my friend again
and because of that we understood each other. In order to avoid problems in a situation like
this, I suggest that you should stop driving or stop to a place where there will be no variables
that could hinder your communication with someone because you might end up not
understanding what the other person says because of the environment that you are in.
ACTIVITY 1.2: Question and Answer
Instructions: Answer the questions briefly in your own words. Write your answers in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Why is communication a process?
Communication is a process because it is like a series of steps in order to communicate
effectively. It starts from the source or the sender of the message which is then passed
to the receiver and the receiver’s response which is in a form of feedback will be passed
on to the source which also makes the receiver as the source of the new information.
This makes the communication a cyclic process.

2. What are the important elements of communication?

The important elements of communication are the source, message, channel, receiver,
and the feedback. Without these, communication won’t happen.

3. How can we achieve an effective communication?

In order to achieve an effective communication with other people you should think
before you speak in order to say the message clearly, you should not interrupt the other
person and let him/her finish what he/she was saying. An eye contact is also a must, and
you should consider the environment that you are in and avoid factors that might affect
your communication.

ACTIVITY 1.3: Question and Answer

Instruction: Answer the questions briefly in your own words. Write your answers in a separate
sheet of paper.
1. How would a problem or difficulty in any of these components affect the
communication process as a whole?
The lack of attention or interest of the receiver or audience and also the distractions,
using unfamiliar words, and different perceptions, beliefs, or point of views between the
sender and the receiver of the message leads to ineffective communication.

2. How does context (ex. environment, culture) influence your communication? Consider
the language and culture people you grew up with, and the role these play in your
communication styles
Language and culture greatly affects how people communicate. In my case, I am raised
in a city where I interact with a lot of people with different cultures and with that reason
I am very careful while communicating. I also grew up with my cousins in Davao City and
that greatly affects the way I talk here with my friends in Valencia City because there are
some words that are different but they have the same meaning which my friends can’t
understand. Also the social-psychological context, the way I communicate with my
friends is different from how I communicate with my parents.
ACTIVITY 1.4: Differentiating the Forms of Communication
Instructions: Differentiate the forms of communication by completing the table below with an
example of an element in the communication process for each form of communication. The
sources for each are already given. Complete the table following the given answers.
Element Intrapersonal Interperson Group Public Mass
al
Source self A friend Class Politician News
President Organization
Content/ Deciding to Birthday Everyone His/her COVID 19
message make a tiktok message must go to advocacy outbreak
video of the
myself singing quadrangle
for the Flag
ceremony
Medium/ Brain Text Face to face Public TV News
channel message or announcem speaking channels
through ent
messenger
Receiver Self Myself Entire class People/audi People all
ence around the
world
Feedback Practice Sending Students Applause as
singing the thank you stopped sign of
song as a what they support
response were doing
and went to
the
quadrangle
Interference Lack of Signal or Some might Shouting People who
confidence, slow not hear from the don’t have
anxiety, and internet what the groups of access to media
scared of connection class opposition and the use of
what other president and the unfamiliar words
people will said audience in delivering the
say. because of lack of message
the noise. interest
ACTIVITY 1.4: A World without Media
Imagine waking one day to find no internet, libraries, and cellphones, newspapers, magazines,
radio stations, and TV channels have also disappeared. Basically, all communication tools have
vanished.

1. How would you be informed of anything now?

By observing anything or everything around me and socializing with other people.

2. What ways would you have to communicate with one another?

Through sending letters or meeting at a certain place and talk face to face.

3. How would you share information and communicate news and events?
Through letters or through speaking. Having a long conversation with someone and
passing that information to other people.

4. What would happen with the decisions you usually make?

Media greatly affects our decision making because we usually rely on it for things to do
and things to buy. Social media posts of companies greatly affects or influence our
buying decisions. For me, it would be difficult to schedule the things I do because I rely
on my phone for a reminder of what I should do or where I should go in a specific date
because I tend to forget things quickly and I cannot just write it on a note. It would also
be difficult to decide to trust a certain information because you can’t search if that
information is a fact or just an opinion and you might be spreading false information.
Basically, it would be difficult to make a wise decisions.

5. How would it affect the way you live?

It would be difficult to adjust since I have already considered media as a part of my life
or my daily routine. But it has a positive and negative effects for me. On the negative
side it would be difficult to communicate with other people especially to those people
who lives in other city. It will also be difficult to learn new things and trust the credibility
of an information. I won’t be able to stream videos and play games on the internet
which entertains me every day. On the positive side, I will be able to interact and
communicate more with my family. My mental health would improve because I don’t
have to be annoyed of the negative things that I see on social media. I will probably be
healthy because instead of staying too long facing my computer or gadgets I will be
outside playing or interacting with my siblings and I will also be exposed in the sunlight
because as we all know, staying under the sun but not too long has benefits just like
improving our mood, gives us energy, and improves our immune system.
 6. What would you personally miss most much in such situation?
I would probably miss using gadgets because they are all in one. You can communicate
with people, you can be entertained and most importantly you can discover and learn
new things everyday just by browsing the internet or your social media accounts.

7. What would society lose in this situation?

Society will lose resources because we rely on media for information and updates. It will
also lose the safety of people or there will be a high chance of danger because people
won’t know what’s happening around them just like this pandemic. Without media,
people around the world would not be informed of this pandemic which results to a
massive loss of people and the government can’t prepare a budget for those people
who badly needs help during this crisis.

ACTIVITY 1.5: Choosing Appropriate Media Tools

Choosing the right medium usually boils down to three factors audience, message, and budget.
In this activity, explain why these factors heavily influence the kind of medium or media tools
you should use to communicate your message or information.

AUDIENCE MESSAGE BUDGET

The more you know and There are various types of This should also be
understand about the messages that needs considered in choosing the
background and needs of different types of medium in right medium. Instead of
your audience, the better you or to be delivered well. An emptying your pocket just for
can prepare the medium of example of this is news, a TV commercial, you can
your message to be television is really applicable consider the platforms your
delivered. For example, using in order to spread the audience usually visits. Doing
radio can make your information faster to a wide this will give you long-term
audience as the receiver only audience. Same as radio, results. Using radios,
because radio have one-way these type of media tools has newspapers, or posting on
of communication. only one-way of social media is less expensive
communication so the effect than on television.
of its message is there will be
no feedback.
ACTIVITY 1.6: Evaluating Media Platforms
Reflect on the different uses of media platforms. Describe and rate them according to
entertainment value, information value, education, business, and advocacy. Copy the table
(found in the next page) and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Use the ratings
given below.
Ratings: 1 – not at all relevant, 2 – not very relevant, 3 – slightly relevant, 4 – relevant, 5 –
very relevant.

Media Platform Newspapers Radio Television Internet/Social

Uses Media
2 – because 3 – slightly 2 – because 5 – because
Example: communication relevant communication in there is an
For networking through print because some TV is mostly one- active
media is mostly radio programs way, there is very exchange of
one-way and are effective in least interaction information
there is very least growing a and wide
interaction network of connection of
people people
For 2 – although 5 – Because 5 – very relevant 5 – very
Entertainment newspapers radio gives joy because it shows relevant
contain to listeners by movies, music because
entertainment telling stories, videos, and more everything
section, they are and playing for us to be about
not really music. entertained entertainment
intended for is in Internet or
entertainment Social Media
but for giving such as videos,
information music, games
about what’s and a lot more.
happening
around us
For Information 5 – Because 5 – because 5 – because news 5 – very
newspapers news and and updates are relevant
contain credible updates are also also broadcasted because in just
information broadcasted on on different TV one click you
about what’s radios and can channels and can can search for
happening reach a lot of reach a lot of anything on
around us. people people the internet.
For Education 2 – because 2 – not very 3 – slightly 5 very relevant
communication relevant relevant because because you
through print because there are shows can have an
 media is mostly teachers can’t where you can active
one-way and have a direct gain information exchange of
there is very least communication that you can use communication
interaction and with their for your with teachers
also not all students using education and can even
students prefer the radio or search for
using the there is no information
newspaper for active exchange that you can
their educational of information use for your
needs education
For Business 3- Slightly 5 – very relevant 5 – because it can 5 – you can
relevant because because radio reach a wide easily connect
in today’s advertising range of people with your
generation delivers larger allows you to customers
people are more audience show your because there
on advertising especially on product on how it is active
their product mornings works so exchange of
online where the customers will communication
target market know what to and you can
can hear or see look for easily boost
the product or your sales and
services offered. you can get
customers
feedback
For Advocacy 3 – slightly 4 – relevant 5 – very relevant 5 – very
relevant because especially for because it can relevant
there is very least those politicians reach a lot of because it can
interaction with encouraging audience that can reach a wide
the audience people to vote be informed range of
for them on the about who you people and the
upcoming are and your information
election and can advocacy which is can spread
reach a lot of usually aired on faster
people television
especially elders
who listens to
radio everyday
What I Have Learned
Generalization
Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Communication is a complex process because it follows several steps in order to have an

effective communication. Starting from the sender who creates an idea and interpret it
into message then delivers this message to the receiver and the receiver will respond in
a form of feedback. There are also many variables to consider such as the style, and also
the disturbances that may affect the way we communicate.

2. Media and information plays an important role in communication because media

lessened the barrier of communication and because of this it is easier to produce or
spread information around the world. Media also gets your message to a wider
audience. Media is the vehicle for message. Information is also important because
without this there will be nothing to communicate with other people. The kind, quality,
and quantity of information that you can communicate is determined by the media we
use. Any alteration or problem among the elements of communication, especially on
how it is packaged and sent, will result to a misunderstanding or miscommunication.

What I Can Do
Application
For the rest of the week, observe the following specific situations:
1. Two people talking
2. School group meeting
3. Television news program
Describe their communication and see if you can find all eight components and provide an
example for each one by filling out the table below
Two people talking Group Meeting TV Program
1. Source  My sister  Teacher  News caster
2. Message  About her  Asking students  New cases of
pregnancy about the lesson COVID 19 in the
Philippines
3. Channel  Video call  Using laptop and  Television
through through Google
messenger meet
4. Receiver  My father  Students  Me and my family
5. Feedback  Excited and  One student Not applicable
relaying the answering the
message to my question
parents
 6. Environment  Our house and  House of the  News studio and
my sisters’ house teacher and our living room
house of each
students
7. Context  Informal  Formal  Formal
communication communication communication
8. Interference  Slow internet  Slow internet  Signal and the
connection connection use of unfamiliar
words that some
parents might not
understand

Assessment
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
D 1. This is a Latin term which means “to share” or “to make common”
a. Communican c. Communicante
b. Communista d. Communicare
B 2. This component incorporates the setting, scene, and other external biases and
expectations
of the participants of communication.
a. Feedback c. Interference
b. Context d. Transmitters
A 3. A component of communication which is a response from the receiver which is sent back
to the source
a. Feedback c. Interference
b. Context d. Transmitters
C 4. Anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message.
a. Feedback c. Interference
b. Context d. Transmitters
B 5. Media is __________ for transmitting messages.
a. A barrier c. a failure
b. A vehicle d. an end
D 6. Which among the choices are NOT media?
a. Traffic signs c. letters
b. Billboards d. none
D 7. Vlogs or video blogs are considered as media. In what type of media do they fall under?
a. Print media c. Film/Cinema
b. Broadcast media d. New Media
A 8. Posters and billboard belong to what type of media?
a. Print media c. Film/Cinema
b. Broadcast media d. New Media
 A 9. Media messages can influence the opinion of the public.
a. True c. Maybe
b. False d. Not definite
B 10. Changes in media and technology will not change the nature of your context.
a. True c. maybe
b. False d. not definite

Additional Activity
This is a tweet from the Department of Health’s Official Twitter account. Your task is to evaluate
this graphic based on the components found in the Media-Message Evaluation Guide below.

Retrieved from https://twitter.com/DOHgovph/status/1264107602704662529

Media-Message Evaluation Matrix

Component Guide question Your Answer
Sender 1. Who created the message? 1. Department of Health created the
Is the source reliable? How message. The source is definitely
can you say so? reliable because the account of DOH
is verified on twitter and DOH is
responsible for the promotion,
protection, preservation or
restoration of the health of the
people.
Message 2. What does the message say? 2. The message tells us about the new
3. Is the information useful, cases of COVID 19, deaths, and the
fair, or logical? recoveries.
4. Are there images or sound 3. The information is useful, fair, and
that can catch the viewer’s logical because it updates us about
attention the pandemic and made us aware
what to do.
4. There are images that can catch the
viewer’s attention which also makes
 the message understandable.
Medium 5. What type of media is used 5. The type of media used to deliver
to deliver the message? the message is Internet or Social
6. What are the strengths and Media.
weaknesses of this media 6. The strengths of this media format
format? is it can reach a large audience, it is
great for free speech and self-
expression, and you can get the
latest news based on importance
quickly. On the other hand the
weaknesses are the information you
posts might be used to spread for
false information and there are a lot
of fake accounts that might lure
other users to trust their posts.
Twitter also has limitation for words
you post which might not be helpful
in delivering a much more
comprehensive message.
Receiver 7. Who is the target of the 7. The target of this message are all
message? the people or individuals in the
8. How might people different Philippines.
from me interpret this 8. I think other people different from
message? me might not take this information
seriously, they won’t be afraid to go
out and risk their lives just to have
fun.
Context 9. What is the purpose of the 9. The purpose of the message is for
message? us to be updated on the statistics of
10. Who controls the COVID 19 cases, deaths, and
transmission of this message recoveries in the Philippines.
10. People controls the transmission of
this message because they can
retweet the message and they can
even take a screenshot and post this
on any other social media sites.
LESSON 2: MEDIA LITERACY, INFORMATION LITERACY, AND TECHNOLOGY LITERACY
Pre-test
Let’s see how much you know before we tackle the next lesson. Write the letter of your choice
on a separate sheet of paper.
C 1. This type of literacy is able to access, manage, and integrate technologies to create and
communicate information.
a. Media Literacy c. Technology Literacy
b. Information Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
A 2. This type of literacy evaluates different media forms and how can they be analyzed,
evaluated, and created to send out messages efficiently and ethically.
a. Media Literacy c. Technology Literacy
b. Information Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
B 3. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.
a. Media Literacy c. Technology Literacy
b. Information Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
D 4. This refers to how a person is able to look for relevant information from various media
with the help of technology.
a. Media Literacy c. Technology Literacy
b. Information Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
A 5. These are acquired data for specific purposes.
a. Information c. Media
b. Technology d. Literacy

ACTIVITY 2.1: How well do I Know the Media?

Inside the box are logos and icons of new media channels and applications. Take a look at these
icons and answer the questions that follow in the next page.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Questions for Activity 2.1

1. How many can you name from the logos inside the box?
All of them, the first one is Wikipedia, followed by Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Google
Drive, Google Scholar, and Photoshop.
2. Explain briefly the uses of those that you can name.
Wikipedia benefit readers by acting as an encyclopedia, a comprehensive written
compilation of information on all branches of knowledge. Twitter allows us to connect
with people and for sharing your thoughts or ideas with a big audience, YouTube is for
entertainment and for uploading any kinds of videos, share, and view content without
 restriction. Facebook allows us to communicate and connect with people far from us
and make friends. Google drive allows us to store files, synchronize it with other devices
and share files. Google scholar gives us an easy way to search for scholarly articles or
literature. Lastly, Photoshop allows us to edit photos or even make an image with its
variety of editing features.
3. Which among these websites and applications do you deem useful and credible in terms
of creating, obtaining, and sharing content?
For me, Facebook is really useful in these terms because you can connect with a wide
range of people. You can share news and other information and you can also be
entertained in Facebook. Although not all authors or sources of some information on
Facebook are legitimate or credible it is still used a lot nowadays. It is also very useful in
business in terms of marketing. You can promote and advertise your product on
Facebook which will be very effective because you can obtain a wide range of audience.
This will be very good for the products or services you are offering.

ACTIVITY 2.2: Based on the definitions given in table 1.2, try to compare and contrast the three
concepts by filling out the table below:
COMPARISON CONTRAST
Media Literacy vs. Being able to know where Media Literacy is the ability to
Information Literacy and how to access sources of access, analyze, evaluate, and
information. Information is create media while
spread around the world Information Literacy is the
with different types or forms ability to recognize when
of media. information is needed.
Media Literacy vs. Both are needed for an Technology Literacy is the
Technology (Digital) Literacy individual to function and ability to use technology to
succeed in today’s society. evaluate, create, and
Technology is the medium communicate information.
where media is displayed. Media Literacy uses any
forms of communication for
these information.
Information Literacy vs. They work together for the Information Literacy is the
Technology (Digital) Literacy promotion of new literacy in ability to know when there is
knowledge societies. Both a need for information.
are utilized for the Technology Literacy is the
interpretation of the media. ability to use a computer and
use media to access and
communicate or disseminate
these information effectively.
ACTICITY 2.3: Question and Answer
Instructions: Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper.
1. In your opinion, what makes and individual literate in media and information?
I believe that a person is literate in media and information if he or she has the ability to
judge the credibility and accuracy of some sources. Also if that person uses critical
thinking. If he or she can evaluate facts from evidenced-based conclusions. If he or she
is also able to step back and evaluate the truthfulness of the things they share in social
media.

2. How is critical thinking related to media and information literacy?

Critical thinking is related to media and information literacy as it enables us to discern
whether the information that we gathered from different media forms are true or not.
We are able to use wisely the information to make or form an opinion or perspective
about a certain matter or issue. It involves comprehensive understanding, reasoning,
and evaluating facts and form evidence based conclusions.

3. Do you consider yourself a media and information literate individual? Why or why not?
I don’t consider myself as a media and information literate person because I am not
really a critical thinker. I still have trouble discerning information or I still get swayed by
other authors of fake news or false information. Because of this, I once shared a fake
news on my social media account which I deleted after knowing that the information
was not legitimate. Out of all the traits of a media and information literate person,
discerning information is what I lack.

4. What activities/ habits do you practice which illustrate media and information literacy?
Give at least three examples.
Researching, with a lot of research engines nowadays I am able to know what is
appropriate for gathering information. Posting on my social media accounts with
responsibility. Using messenger for connecting with people, send messages. Watching
videos on YouTube and gaining knowledge from it. And being updated as to what or
government is doing and solving issues in our country. I also voice out my opinion on my
social media accounts with responsibility.
ACTIVITY 2.4: Illustrating MIL
Instructions: Draw or design a graphic that represents how you understand Media and
Information Literacy then write a brief description about it. Submit your final output on an A4-
sized (landscape) bond paper with your NAME, GRADE LEVEL, SECTION, and the DATE TODAY.

ACTIVITY 2.5: Disaster Scenario

As earlier discusses, Information Literacy involves being able to access, manage, and share
information in a knowledgeable and responsible manner. This is a test on how well you can do
such task. Read and analyze the situation below. Afterwards, answer the matrix that follows.

“According to the weather forecast, there is no typhoon. However, your locality is experiencing
heavy rainfall, while some parts in your province/region are already flooded. There are
reported incidents of landslide, evacuation, stranded vehicles and drowning. As a student what
are you going to do?”
Information needs The information that I need are the new
What information do you need? weather forecast, locality’s current situation,
reported casualties, updates on the heavy
rainfall, flood, landslide incidents, evacuation
plan and location of the evacuation center,
emergency plan, or if there is any evacuation
happening.
Sources of information If signal is available I can get the information
Where will you get them? from television, radio, from people, social
media, news broadcast viewed from our
phones, announcements from the
municipality, and from officials and
authorities
Access to information I can access these information through
How will you access them? browsing to the news website, watch what’s
in the television, listening to the radio, by
listening to the shared information from
other people, talk with other people and my
peers, announcements from the municipality,
and by asking people, and government
officials
Evaluate information I can confirm the quality or reliability of the
 How will you check the quality of information if it is from a report by a known
information? and reliable news center such as ABS-CBN,
TV5, and GMA, and if it is announced by the
officials from the municipality, if the
information in the web is from reliable source
like the news page, posts from social media
have the same content or there is no change
of information, and if the person asked from
was an authority.
Organize information I will prioritize the most valuable information
How will you organize and store them? and generalize the acquired information so
that the others can understand clearly and
can quickly catch on what’s happening. Store
the information in my head and not
forgetting every detail, record it in a recorder,
save it into a video, write them in a paper in
case I forgot some minor details, and type
and save it in my phone.
Communicate information By creating a post and send the information
How will you create and communicate them? in the web especially in the social media such
as Facebook, Twitter, and etc., announce it in
front of everyone, face to face
communication, email, chats, and through
text messages.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Generalization
Complete the sentence stem below
1. In my own words, I can define media and information literacy as a way for people to
have a freedom of expression. We can react or share our opinions into such information
as media and information literacy promotes critical thinking, evaluating, organizing, and
analyzing information from any forms of media into making conclusions or solving such
information. Media and Information Literacy also affects how we live every day. With
the help of Media and Information Literacy it enables everyone to understand the
function and use of media and information.

2. Media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy are important lifelong skills
because this skills can help us be successful in life especially in today’s society as it
practices our critical thinking skills, and we are able to discern what is right and what is
wrong. By having this skills, we are able to share information accurately. Our mind can
quickly react in such situations or information. Our mind can detect easily when
information is needed. It also helps us to work independently, appropriately, and
effectively with the help of technological tools. This skills can be greatly used in today’s
modern world especially if you want to be one of the professionals someday.
What I Can Do
Application

Write a 300-word blog entry discussing what you can contribute to your community
if you are a media and information literate individual. You may use the following to
guide you in developing your arguments.
 Media and information literacy as practiced on both personal and
professional level
 Media and information literacy as expression of freedom of
speech/expression
 Media and information literacy as tool for civic responsibility and nation-
building
Your final output, with your FULL NAME and SECTION, will be uploaded as a note on
your Facebook account. Share the note as a post with the hashtag
#MILblogentry1_ [name of your section].

WHAT I CAN DO
Posttest
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE Identify the correct letter of the answers to the following. Write it
on the space before the number.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy C. Technology
Literacy
_A_1. Ross found erroneous facts in the newspaper he is reading.
_C_2. Rachel uses her tablet to read his e-books which she downloaded using app.
_A_3. Chloe an exchange student, tells her mother that she misses her through e-mail.
_B_4. The teacher told the students to go to the library for their research activity.
_B_5. A mother bought an alphabet chart for her four-year-old daughter.
_C_6. Phoebe is preparing a PowerPoint presentation for his report in history.
_B_7. The students are researching about the effects of social media on student performance
in class.
_A_8. Rachel chats with her friends in London very often.
_A_9. A TV news program reported that a strong earthquake struck manila yesterday.
_C_10. The Grade-11 students are to create a webpage of their advertisement in Economics.

II. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE_1. An information literate person should first understand the question to figure out the
type of information sources he or she needed.
TRUE_2. Information needed comes from one source or method.
FALSE 3. Media creators are only those who work under the media industry.
TRUE_4. Information is difficult to be shared or learned upon if a person cannot understand
what
it is about.
TRUE_5. Media is a collection of communication mediums such as radio, television, newspaper,
and the internet.
FALSE 6. All information found in the internet are reliable.
TRUE_7. A media literate person understands which media is appropriate and the process how
media is created.
TRUE_8. A media literate person understands that media sometimes show biased message.
TRUE_9. Being able to assess evaluate information, critically thinking and using the information
effectively, and creating message are the important aspects of media, information,
and
technology literacies.
FALSE 10. Media information, and technology literacy are three separate entities that are not
related.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
On March 24, 2020, the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act of 2020 or Republic Act 11469 was
approved by the Senate and Congress in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The law, which
grants President Rodrigo Duterte additional powers to solve the Covid-19 crisis, contains a
provision which punishes those who create or spread false information about the crisis. Now,
your tasks are as follows.
1. Research and download a copy of the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act of 2020
2. Cite which exact section the provision is stated. Copy the entire clause.
Section 6(f) of the Republic Act 11469 or the “Bayanihan To Heal As One Act.”
“Individuals or groups creating, perpetrating, or spreading false information regarding
the COVID-19 crisis on social media and other platforms, such information having no
valid or beneficial effect on the population, and are clearly geared to promote chaos,
panic, anarchy, fear, or confusion; and those participating in cyber incidents that make
use or take advantage of the current crisis situation to prey on the public through
scams, phishing, fraudulent emails, or other similar acts.”
3. Answer the following questions based on the aforementioned provision.
a. What kind of information does this law prohibit?
It prohibits spreading of false information about the COVID-19 crisis.
b. What penalty/penalties does the law impose for groups or individuals who may
be found guilty of such offense?
Imprisonment for two months or a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos but
not more than One million pesos, or both, such imprisonment and fine, at the
discretion of the court.
c. Will this provision in the law help in promoting and strengthening media and
information literacy? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
Yes, because people will be more careful in posting on social media. Now that
there’s a law that penalize those people posting false information on social
media just for fame, and using COVID 19 for scam they will be scared in doing
 this things which makes them more responsible in posting or spreading
information about the pandemic.

LESSON 3: RESPONSIBLE USE OF MEDIA INFORMATION

What I Know
Pretest
Before we continue, answer the short test below to see how much you know about the next
lesson. Analyze each statement. Write Y for YES if you think the statement shows responsible
use of media and information. Write N for NO if you think otherwise.

Y 1. Kim checks the truthfulness of the news she sees online by looking into other news
outlets for the same content
N 2. Kristoffer’s Facebook friend sent him through FB messenger a forwarded message
about an upcoming 7.8 earthquake in their locality Rattled, he also forwarded the
unverified message to his family group chat, warning them of such quake.
Y 3. Rezza and her research group mates utilizes Google Drive to work on their study.
Y 4. Isa helps her local barangay in their campaign against COVID-19 by designing posters
of local emergency hot lines and fast facts about the novel coronavirus.
N 5. A friend sent me a video of a scandal from Facebook curios as to who the people in
the
video were, I also sent it to several of my friends.
Y 6. Rebecca validates the source of a Facebook post before she shares it.
Y 7. Deanne uses YouTube crash courses to complement her learnings in school
N 8. Erika believes that print media like newspaper and books are useless today because
everything may already found on the internet.
N 9. Mark cites Wikipedia in his research study because he considers anything on the
internet true and credible.
N 10. Andrew Photoshopped a false quotation beside a celebrity, published it on social
media and claimed, it to be true.

ACTIVITY 3.1: Media Interaction Log

Try to think of your media consumption during the past week. In the table below, record your
use and interaction with media and information providers (such as internet, social media, TV,
radio, newspaper, etc.) and indicate how many hours were spent engaged with each one.

Note: The number of hours need not to be exact. A rough estimate would suffice.
Weekly Interaction Log with Information and Information Providers
Media or Information Provider Number of Hours in a Week
Example: Radio 3 Hours
1. YouTube 8 hours
 2. Facebook 12 hours
3. Twitter 4 hours
4. Messenger 10 hours
5. Google 9 hours

How many hours did you spend consuming media today? 5 hours. Which media provider did
you spend most the time? Messenger. What roles does media play in your life? (leisure,
learning, communication, etc.) for entertainment, learning, and communication.

ACTIVITY 3.2: Question and Answer

Instruction: To better reflect on how you are as a media consumer, answer the question below.
Write them on separate sheet of paper.
1. How can you tell if the source of an information is credible?
We can tell if the source is credible when the source is known for its reliability, check
if the information is up-to-date or if it is relevant. Always evaluate if the source
presents clear and unbiased information, or if it aims at persuading you from a
specific view. We should also cross-check with reliable sources, to know whether
other well-known credible media outlets have the same story. We should check if
data in the story is backed up by experts, read beyond the headline, and check for
exaggerated language.

2. What do we mean by the “creative techniques” in media? And how does it affect the
message being sent?
Creative techniques in media refers to the visual or creative presentation of the
information. Looking at the format of a media message means analyzing the way it is
constructed, the creative components that are used in putting it together such as
words, music, color, movement, camera angle and a lot more. It influence our
understanding on the information being delivered. It is essential that all of us must
learn the basics of multimedia communication in order for us to understand clearly
the information which is presented visually. Understanding the grammar, syntax and
metaphor system of media, especially visual language, not only helps us to be less
susceptible to manipulation but also increases our appreciation and enjoyment of
media message that is constructed.

3. Why do other people interpret the same message differently?

We all know that different people experience the same media message differently.
All of us plays a role in interpreting these media messages because each of us brings
a unique set of life experiences, ideals, and backgrounds. Our differences in age,
gender, education and culture will bring a lot of different interpretations of the
 message. If we recognize this fact, we are able to build a respect and understand
different opinions and evaluate the validity of these different perspectives.

4. In what way does ideals and values being “sold” through media?
A lot of ideals, values, and concepts are being “sold” today across the internet,
through books, television and other media formats. The way the information is sent,
packaged, and received is influenced by academic, social, cultural, and political
principles. All media content have the ability to sway our opinions on a specific
message. It is our job to be literate enough to question and reasonably identify both
obvious and hidden embedded values in media content.

5. How can the purpose of a message affect your response as media consumer?
Examining the purpose of a message uncovers how it may have been influence by
money, ego or ideology and gives you knowledge on how to interpret and respond
to a message appropriately. My response will be influenced by thinking the purpose
of the message, who profits from this or pays for this message, and who benefits the
message.

ACTIVITY 3.3: Fact or Fake?

Analyze and evaluate a shared Facebook post of an article from the Internet below. Determine
if such post is reliable or if it may contain false information and defend your answer using the
principles and guidelines previously discussed. Write your answer on the space provided beside
the photo.
The post is not reliable and contains false information because it doesn’t have a well-known or
reliable author. The content contains false information with the deliberate intention to mislead
or deceive the audience. The data in the information is not backed up by experts. It also uses
words that aims to upset or enrage the audience and by doing cross-checking with reliable
sources, they do not have the same story.

ACTIVITY 3.4: What’s Wrong?

Take a look at the photos below. Identify the problems in the photos and explain how it relates
to issues regarding media and information literacy. Write your answer on the space provided
beside the photos.

This picture shows a man who believes

everything he sees on the internet. He is not a
media and information literate person because
he was not able to discern whether the information he have gathered are true or not. The
picture may also show an information disorder particularly misinformation because he
perceives that the information is true where in fact it is not.

The second picture also shows a person

who is not a media and information
literate. He also believes in anything he
sees on the internet or social media. He
lacks critical thinking skills and was not
able to discern whether the information
is right or wrong. It is clear that he did
not check whether the information was
from a reliable source based on the
“some guy” that he said. Also, not all
information on twitter are true because
there are also some verified accounts
that spreads false information.

ACTIVITY 3.5: Reflect on what characteristics a responsible media and information producer
and user should have. Write your answers in the table below.
Characteristics of a responsible media and Characteristics of a responsible media and
information user information producer
 Know how to use media righteously  Give credit where credit is due
 Critical thinker  Avoids sharing raw and unverified
 Avoids posting negative and offensive information
comments online  Thinks about who can see what they have
 If the user is an online gamer, he/she shared
respects other whether they win or lose.  Open to learning and constructive
 Avoids sharing scandals on social media criticisms
 Helps other users of media and  Shares expert knowledge
information when needed.  Respect other people’s privacy
  Always be respectful

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Generalization
Complete the sentence stem below.
5. In my own words, I can define media and information literacy as a way for people to have a
freedom of expression. We can react or share our opinions into such information as media
and information literacy promotes critical thinking, evaluating, organizing, and analyzing
information from any forms of media into making conclusions or solving such information.
Media and Information Literacy also affects how we live every day. With the help of Media
and Information Literacy it enables everyone to understand the function and use of media
and information.

6. Media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy are important lifelong skills
because this skills can help us be successful in life especially in today’s society as it practices
our critical thinking skills, and we are able to discern what is right and what is wrong. By
having this skills, we are able to share information accurately. Our mind can quickly react in
such situations or information. Our mind can detect easily when information is needed. It
also helps us to work independently, appropriately, and effectively with the help of
technological tools. This skills can be greatly used in today’s modern world especially if you
want to be one of the professionals someday.

WHAT I CAN DO
Application
Using your knowledge on the responsible use of media and information. As a responsible media
creator and consumer, how would you respond or act in the following situations below? Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. You received a forwarded message with an unknown original source about how eating
raw eggs and gargling water with salt kills COVID-19 virus. The message claims it is
confirmed by the World Health Organization but you have never heard news of it from
huge media networks. What would you do?
The message is an illegitimate news and has no enough source to prove its validity. The
only thing I can do is to post on Social Media platforms that the rumors about eating raw
eggs and gargling water with salt is a fake news, and to avoid the spread of this false
information because this might lead to negative effects on people who trusted or
believed in the information.

2. The shutdown of media company ABS-CBN has been the hottest issue today. As such,
you post your opinion about the issue on Facebook. However, a Facebook friend, whom
 you know by name but it is not friends with, comments on your status strongly
disagreeing with your opinion. What would you do?
I will reply to his/her comments and tell her that I respect his/her point of view about
the issue. All of us have different opinions and he/she should also respect mine.

3. A video scandal of two teenage students have been circulating in social media.
Unknowingly, one of your schoolmates forwarded such video in one of your GC’s. Being
the talk of the town, another schoolmate messaged you asking if you have a copy of the
said video scandal. What would you do?
The first thing I will do is to ask everyone who have the video to please delete it.
Because it could bring depression to the person involved of the said scandal. I will also
tell them to stop spreading it. I will tell my classmate who asked me that I have no copy
and ask him/her to stop begging for it because it is not good at all. I will also stop them
from making fun of the person in the video and not to judge them. That scandal or video
doesn’t define them as a person and we should not judge them just by that mistake.

4. In your research group, you were tasked to write the Review of Related Literature. As
you browse the web, you have stumbled upon many books and articles that you may
use for your RRL. How would you manage all the information you have?
I will check the source if it is reliable and if it has an author. I will also gather the
information that is only relevant or connected to our study. The date or year should not
be too far from the current year. I will also paraphrase and give credits to those author
of the information that I have paraphrased.

5. As you are scrolling through your newsfeed, you come across a news article from a
certain unfamiliar website. You wanted to share the news article but hesitated as to its
truthfulness. How would you verify its validity?
To verify the validity of the article, I will do the cross-check to see if some reliable
sources have also the same story with the news article that I saw on my newsfeed. I will
also check if the source is reliable, or if it is a known source of legitimate information.

ASSESSMENT
Posttest
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided
___C___1. When media content is fake, used out of context, or weaponized to attack certain
individuals or groups of people, its information environment is deemed ________.
a. clear c. polluted
b. reliable d. funny
___B___2. This refers to content that contains false information with the deliberate intention
to mislead or deceive the audience.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information
___A___3. It refers to information that is false, but the person sharing or disseminating it
unknowingly perceives it as something true.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information
___C___4. This refers to information that is based on reality but is used to inflict harm.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information
___A___5. One of the core concepts of Media and Literacy considers the ____________ of all
media messages.
a. truthfulness c. beauty
b. marketability d. contractedness
___D___6. How should we set our expectations for media if we want better quality of
information?
a. Very low c. Average
b. Low d. High
___A___7. Which among the choices are the four components of MIL skills?
a. Access, Analyze, Evaluation, Creation
b. Access, Appreciation, Evaluation, Creation
c. Access, Appreciation, Extraction, Creation
d. Access, Analysis, Examination, Creation
___C___8. The creative components of a media message – words, music, color, movement – all
constitute. What element of a media message?
a. Author c. Format
b. Content d. Purpose
___B___9. Avoiding throwing personal attacks is one of our responsibility as a media _______.
a. consumers c. users
b. producer d. people
___D___10. These are information that has yet to be examined or confirmed.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information

II. YES OR NO. Write Y for YES, if you think the statement shows responsible use of media
and information. Write N for NO, if you think otherwise.
__Y ___1. Kim checks the truthfulness of the news she sees online by looking into other news
outlets for the same content
__N ___2. Kristoffer’s Facebook friend sent him through FB messenger a forwarded message
about an upcoming 7.8 earthquake in their locality. Rattled, he also forwarded the unverified
message to his family group chat, warning them of such quake.
__Y ___3. Rezza and her research group mates utilize Google Drive to work on their study.
__Y____4. Isa helps her local barangay in their campaign against COVID-19 by designing posters
of local emergency hot lines and fast facts about the novel coronavirus.
__N____5. A friend sent me a video of a scandal from Facebook Curios as to who the people in
the video were, I also sent it to several of my friends.
__Y____6. Rebecca validates the source of a Facebook post before she shares it.
__Y____7. Deanne uses YouTube crash courses to complement her learnings in school
__N____8. Erika believes that print media like newspaper and books are useless today because
everything may already found on the internet.
__N____9. Mark cites Wikipedia in his research study because he considers anything on the
internet true and credible.
__N____10. Andrew Photoshopped a false quotation beside a celebrity, published it on social
media and claimed, it to be true.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Case Study on Disinformation
1. Download and read the one-page handout – Case Study. This is how an Iranian network
created a “disinformation supply chain” to spread fake news
(https:www.niermanlab.org/2019/05/this-is-how-an-iranian-network-created-a-
disinformation-supply-chain-to-spread-fake-news/)

2. Draw/illustrate the steps on how the disinformation supply chain worked – Be creative.
Use colors and illustrations with your text.