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21st Lit Timeline

The document provides a timeline of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses the oral tradition of pre-colonial literature and the destruction of written works during Spanish colonization. The American period saw the development of literature in English as well as magazines and newspapers. During Japanese occupation, Filipino literature in English was banned and writers published in Filipino languages. The contemporary period saw a revitalization of literature dealing with the Japanese occupation and independence.

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Raechelle Castro
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1K views3 pages

21st Lit Timeline

The document provides a timeline of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses the oral tradition of pre-colonial literature and the destruction of written works during Spanish colonization. The American period saw the development of literature in English as well as magazines and newspapers. During Japanese occupation, Filipino literature in English was banned and writers published in Filipino languages. The contemporary period saw a revitalization of literature dealing with the Japanese occupation and independence.

Uploaded by

Raechelle Castro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CASTRO, Raechelle P.

12 ABM 2

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE: TIMELINE

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (? – 1564)


The pre-colonial period in Philippine history is the longest. The precolonial Filipinos' oral
literature reflected the community's values. The theme was typically the village's common
experience—food collecting, creatures and objects of nature, work in the home, field, forest, or
sea, child care, and so on. The most frequent kinds of oral literature, such as the riddle, proverbs,
and song, all seem to presume that the listener is familiar with the circumstances, actions, and
objects addressed in the course of expressing an idea or emotion. Unless the piece was part of the
community's cultural history, such as the epic, the language of oral literature was the language of
everyday life. The native syllabary is baybayin, and the subject matter and language are everyday
experiences and language; communal authorship is also included. Epic, riddle, proverbs, myth,
and legend were all written literatures at the time. Any member of the community may be a
prospective poet, singer, or storyteller at this stage of literary development as long as he knew
the language and had paid attention to the forms' conventions.

SPANISH COLONIALIZATION (1565 – 1897)


At the time of the invasion and conversion to Christianity, the Philippine ethnic groups' literature
was primarily oral, comprising of epics, legends, ballads, riddles, and proverbs. The
conquistadors, particularly their clerical arm, destroyed any written literature they could locate,
rendering the writing system (such as the Tagalog syllabary) useless. The church officials
developed a policy of communicating with the natives (discriminatorily referred to as Indios) in
their own language in order to propagate the Church's ideas. The first book produced in the
Philippines, Doctrina Christiana (1593), was a prayerbook written in Spanish with a Tagalog
adaptation. However, the necessity of translating religious instructional materials forced the
Spanish missionaries to hire native speakers as translators, which was a very practical step. The
native translator eventually learnt to read and write in both Spanish and his original tongue.
During this period, the propaganda movement was also carried out, in which abuses and
injustices were denounced, accusations were disputed, and plans for potential decisions were set
out.

AMERICAN PERIOD (1898 – 1945)


During the American period, there were major breakthroughs in: (1) education, which
established a free public school in which information and knowledge were made available, and
improved social classes; (2) culture, which evolved the use of the English language, an
introduction to Anglo-American patterns of thinking, culture, and life ways that is integrated in
Philippine literature and inner life. During this time, religious control was lifted from the printing
press, and newspapers and magazines became outlets for creative writing, socio-political
commentary, and serialized novels. In English, Philippine writing began to acquire traction; it
was imitative and experimental, with innovations in meter, rhyme, stanza, and forms. Rodolfo
Dato published the first book of poetry in English, "Filipino Poetry”. There were also short
stories written throughout this period, such as Paz Marquez Benitez's "Dead Stars" (1925), which
marked the maturation of the Filipino writer in English; and Manuel Arguilla's "How My Brother
Leon Brought Home a Wife," which demonstrates the ability to document in English the speech
and expressions of rural Filipinos.

JAPANESE COLONIALIZATION
During the Japanese colonialization, the Japanese sought to redefine Philippine literature by
strengthening the vernacular languages. Philippine Literature in English was banned under the
Japanese occupation, and writers were forced to publish in Filipino. The Japanese authorities
tried everything they could to divert Filipino sympathy away from the Americans, who they
despised. Filipinos who remained loyal to them were lavishly rewarded. Haiku, Tanaga, and
Karaniwang Anyo were among the literary forms that emerged during this time. The literary
form of drama includes movie theaters that used to display American films but now show stage
shows, as well as translations of English plays into Tagalog. Carlos P. Romulo, who earned the
Pulitzer Prize for "I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America, and I See the Philippines
Rise," is an example of literary fiction.

CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1946 – Present)


During the modern period, freedom was reborn. There are notable literary genres in the 21 st
century which are: creative nonfiction, blog, text tula, hyperpoetry, spoken words, flash fiction,
and speculative fiction. During this time, literature in the Philippines was revitalized. The
majority of the themes in the writing dealt with Japanese brutality, poverty under the Japanese
authority, and courageous guerilla exploits. There were numerous newspapers, including Sergio
Osmena's Free Press Morning Sun, Joaquin Roces' Daily Mirror, and Menzi Novels' The
Bulletin. Not only did Filipino poetry gain rhyme, but it also gained substance and meaning.
Characters and events in short stories were more realistic and based on facts and reality. Novels
became more popular, yet people continued to read them for fun. The first literary form is poetry,
which contains Gaspar Aquino de Belen's "Pasyon" and Francisco Balagtas Baltazar's "Awit at
Korido" of "Florante at Laura”. The second literary form is drama/play, which includes Sinakulo,
which depicts Jesus' life and passion, and Komedya/Moro-moro, which depicts Christian-
Muslim strife. The third literary form is prose which includes ejemplo, tratado, and dialogo.
During this time, the works of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero, were also penned.
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) were two of his works.

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