STS GROUP 1 (ANCIENT TIMES) useful especially during the rainy season, when traveling in soft

and muddy road proved to be too difficult.

ANCIENT TIMES
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
Ancient times - people were concerned with transportation and
navigation, communication and record keeping, mass production, Babylonians were great builder, engineers and architect.
security and protection, as well as health, aesthetics and
architecture. Hanging Gardens of Babylon – King Nebuchadnezzar II built
the gardens for his wife, Queen Amytis. However, there are no
Transportation – people were trying to go places and explore physical evidence has been found to prove the existence of the
new discovery, travelled for foods, better location, also travelled hanging garden and its exact location is also unknown.
to trade their surplus goods in exchange for things they were
lacked. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

Communication – to prevent from possible conflicts, people Paper – Paper was made of papyrus plant that grew abundantly
needed a way to communicate with the natives in order to in the Nile River in Egypt.
facilitate trades. Also, recordkeeping is important to easy
Ink – The ink must withstand the elements of nature since it was
remember the places they had been and document the trades
used to record history, culture and codified laws.
they made with each other.
Hieroglyphics – A system of writing using symbols. The
Weapons and Armors – weapons and armors are made by
Egyptian believed that this writing system was provided to them
invading the weaker nations and steal the resources to create the
by their gods.
protection equipment and for security as well.
Cosmetics –Their function in ancient Egypt was both for health
Conservation for life – harnessing rich resources might have
and aesthetic reason. Egyptian wore Kohl around their eyes to
been successful but their survival posed a great problem.
prevent and even cure eye diseases.
Different illness and diseases both natural and man-made
hampered the full potential of a human being. Given this Wigs – During the Egyptian times wigs were worn for health and
predicament, science and technology played a major role in the wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes.
discovery of cures to, if not the prevention of, illnesses.
Water clock (Clepsydra) – This device utilizes gravity that
Engineering – For better transportation, establishment of affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The water
structures for protection from human attack and natural clock was widely used as a timekeeping device during the ancient
disasters, and construction of bigger and stronger infrastructures times.
people ventures this field. The development of this field allowed
humans to build structures that would address their specific GREEK CIVILIZATION
needs and wants.
Greece is an archipelago in the south-eastern part of Europe.
Architecture –During the ancient times, elaborate architectural Also known as the birthplace of western philosophy since some
designs were signs of technological advancement of a particular of the major achievements of the Greeks includes in-depth works
civilization. In the generations to come, architecture would be on philosophy and mathematics.
considered a status symbol among nations of how advanced their
technology is. It may also establish the identity of a nation. Alarm Clock – It is one of the most utilized gadgets today that
was invented by the ancient Greeks. This ancient Greek’s alarm
SUMARIAN CIVILIZATION clocks used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm.
They made use of water that dropped into drums which sounded
Sumeria – Southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia. They are the alarm. Plato’s version uses 4 water vessels which are lined up
known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and vertically.
their desire for great things. They are not contented with the
basic things that life can offer and this desire pushed them to Water Mill - It is one of the most important contributions of the
develop many things connected with science and technology. Greek civilization to the world. It is used mainly in agricultural
processes like milling of grains. Due to milling was made possible
Cuneiform – Sumerians is the development of the first writing by the use of watermills, the mass production of rice, cereals,
system. It is a system that utilizes word pictures and triangular flours and the likes became common. It is more effective then
symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and mills powered by the animals since they require less effort in
then left to dry. It is used for recordkeeping. raising the animals. They just require access to a river or flowing
water where the mechanism of a large wheel with small buckets
Uruk City – First true city in the world, made of mud and clay.
of water were attached to it could be installed.
These inventions protected them from the harsh weather and to
build a wall around the city that prevented wild animals and ROMAN CIVILIZATION
neighboring raider from entering.
It was perceived as to be the strongest political and social entity
Great Ziggurat of Ur. – Mountain of God and served as the in the west. It was considered to be the cradle of politics and
sacred place of their chief God. governance during that period. Because the Roman Empire was
so large, other civilizations looked up to them as their model in
Irrigation and Dikes – this method was considered as one of the
terms of legislation and codified laws.
world most beneficial engineering works.
Newspaper – It is one of the major contributions of the Romans.
Roads – Sumerians developed a first road for faster and easier
The first newspapers were known as gazettes, which contained
travel. They used BITUMEN, a black sticky substance similar to
announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. The gazettes
asphalt to smoothen the roads. The invention of roads was very
were engraved in tone tables or metals then publicly displayed.
When paper was invented, it become easier for the Romans to
publish the news, especially the matters that needed the
attention of their citizens.

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