GROUP J – TEAM UNITY

Lopez, Denniel Allyza Del Rosario(19-23)

Malitig, Ron Ryan Donato ( Slide 1-3 - 13- 18)

Narbarte, Princess Erika Medel ( 4-12)

Regencia, Rochelle Marie Añago (24-26)

Comprehension

* Comprehension is the understanding and interpretation of what is read. To be able to accurately

*READING FOR GLOBAL AND LOCAL COMPREHENSION

Global comprehension is the understanding of a longer text in its totality. We often read a longer text, a
story or a novel for example, for pleasure and not necessarily for minute details. It is a fluency activity,
mainly involving the reader to be able to respond to a piece of text in a general sense

Local comprehension is the skill of reading a piece of text closely or intensely for the purpose of
extracting specific information from the text. This skill is referred to as intensive reading skill.

The term global comprehension is associated with extensive reading whereas the term local
comprehension is associated with intensive reading.

Reading comprehension is the process of constructing meaning from text. The goal of all reading
instruction is ultimately targeted at helping a reader comprehend text. When readers read or view a text
they can understand it on different levels. Deep comprehension occurs when all levels have been
considered in the following:

Literal comprehension occurs at the surface level when a reader/viewer acknowledges what they can
see and hear. The details are stated and clear for anyone to identify. Literal comprehension is often
referred to as ‘on the page’ or ‘right there’ comprehension. This is the simplest form of comprehension.

Inferential comprehension requires the reader/viewer to draw on their prior knowledge of a topic and
identify relevant text clues (words, images, sounds) to make an inference. Inferential comprehension is
often referred to as ‘between the lines’ or ‘think and search’ comprehension. This level of
comprehension requires more skill but can be achieved by young children (van den Brock, Kindeou,
Kremer, Lynch, Butler, White and Pugzles Lorch, 2005).

Evaluative comprehension requires the reader to move beyond the text to consider what they think and
believe in relation to the message in the text. It is at this point that readers/viewers are required to
justify their opinions, argue for a particular viewpoint, critically analyse the content and determine the
position of the author. Evaluative comprehension is often referred to as ‘beyond the text’ and includes
‘big picture’ comprehension. Often there is no right or wrong answer but rather justification for thinking
in a particular way.

What factors affect reading comprehension?

Comprehension is affected by the reader's knowledge of the topic, knowledge of language structures,
knowledge of text structures and genres, knowledge of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, their
reasoning abilities, their motivation, and their level of engagement.

Reading comprehension is also affected by the quality of the reading material. Some writers are better
writers than others, and some writers produce more complex reading material than others. Text that is
well organized and clear is called "considerate text," and text that is poorly organized and difficult to
understand can be called "inconsiderate text." The more inconsiderate the text, the more work will be
required of a reader to comprehend the text. Readers who do not have the background, abilities, or
motivation to overcome the barriers presented in inconsiderate text will have more difficulty
comprehending these types of texts.

Listening comprehension

Encompasses the multiple processes involved in understanding and making sense of spoken
languagen. These include recognizing speech sounds, understanding the meaning of individual words,
and/or understanding the syntax of sentences in which they are presented. Listening comprehension
can also involve the prosody with which utterances are spoken (which can, e.g., change intended
meaning from a statement to a question), and making relevant inferences based on context, real-world
knowledge, and speaker-specific attributes.

Example (e.g., to what information the speaker has access and about what he/she is likely to be
talking).
Listening consistency

To get familiar with the pronunciation of a language, it is key that you expose yourself to the spoken
language every day. Learners often get distracted by written language and overlook the importance of
spoken language. Spend as much time on listening as you would on practicing other skills like reading,
writing and speaking. Even if you’re living in a city in which your target language is not widely spoken,
you should not create excuses and search for listening resources online. YouTube is one of the most
easily accessible choices. And also Podcasts it is also a good choice as they often involve authentic
dialogue using casual languages. It is a tool that offers spoken language similar to what you would hear
in real-life situations.

Listening repetition

Stay within a narrow range of topics that cover similar vocabulary. Quality is always more
important than quantity when it comes to learning. Make sure you’ve understood all of the content
before moving on to something else. Whenever you come across words you’re unsure of, try listening to
a variety of native speakers saying the same word. Different accents might vary the pronunciation of the
words so it’s a good practice to get yourself familiar with the different sounds. By listening to the same
word repeatedly, you will be able to identify it next time you listen to it.

“Write what you hear” practice

Try to look for a video with subtitles, or more simply, watch a movie and with subtitles.
Alternatively, you can find audio material with matching transcripts. In that way, you can look up words
or phrases immediately when you come across something you don’t understand. Audio books are a
good option as you can listen to the audio while reading the actual book. Ideally, choose a book you are
familiar with so you already have a gist of it which makes it easier for you to understand.

Speak with native speakers

Speaking with native speakers doesn’t just help improve speaking skills. These conversations
usually take place in an uncontrolled context which means that you will hear things you don’t expect.
Written language is sometimes really different from how people speak it. This is an opportunity for you
to understand how the language is actually spoken in certain situations. You might come across a lot of
slang words, vocalized pauses and linking words. Don’t be afraid to ask them to repeat what they’ve said
or ask for an explanation.