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1.16 The Tongue

The document discusses the anatomy of the tongue including its surface anatomy, papillae, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and lymphatics. It details the four types of papillae on the tongue's surface, their locations and functions. It also outlines the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as the main arteries, veins and nerves involved in supplying the tongue.

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Paolo Naguit
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58 views2 pages

1.16 The Tongue

The document discusses the anatomy of the tongue including its surface anatomy, papillae, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and lymphatics. It details the four types of papillae on the tongue's surface, their locations and functions. It also outlines the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as the main arteries, veins and nerves involved in supplying the tongue.

Uploaded by

Paolo Naguit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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________________________________________________________ ANATOMY

1.16 The Tongue: Surface anatomy and landmarks,


 Reddish color stands out (because it’s highly
Extrinsic and Intrinsic muscles, Blood vessels, and Nerves
vascularized)
Dr. Manalo September 11. 2015  Anterior taste buds
1st term Prelims
 LARYNGEAL BLOOD SUPPLY
Tongue 3. Circumvalate/Vallate papillae
 A thick fibromascular organ capable of changes in  Relatively large/circular 2 mm in diameter
shape, that extends upward from the floor of the mouth  Surrounded by shallow trench/groove 2-3 mm
and forward from the anterior wall of the pharynx deep
 A solid mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous  Location is at the anterior to the sulcus terminalis
membrane, attached to the floor of the mouth,  Contains taste buds
mandible, and hyoid bone
 mobile muscular organ that function in speech, taste, 4. Foliate papillae
mastication/chewing, deglutition/ swallowing  Rudimentary in man
Anterior 2/3 Posterior 1/3  If present: sides of the tongue, anterior to the
Topography Extends upward Extends forward palatoglossal folds
from the floor of the from the anterior
mouth wall of the
oropharynx

Embryonic Covered by Endodermally-


ectodermally- derived mucus
derived mucus membrane from
membrane from the the rostral end of
stomodeum the primitive
(primitive mouth) foregut
Structure Body of the Root/pharyngeal
tongue/oral/buccal part of the tongue
part of the tongue
Appearance Rough and velvety Relative pale,
due to numerous bosselate due to
lingual papillae the presence of
numerous
lymphatic nodules
**lymphatic
nodules= lingual
tonsils (form the
lower components
of the Waldeyer’s
ring which are
lymphatics
surrounding the
pharynx) OTHER LANDMARKS
Nerve supply Chorda Tympani Glossopharyngeal
branch of facial nerve (Cranial 1. Sulcus Terminalis
nerve nerve IX)  Shallow groove that demarcates anterior 2/3 of
Lingual branch of tongue from posterior 1/3 of tongue.
the trigeminal nerve  Inverted V-shaped
Function Taste (taste buds in Immunologic  Apex: directed posteriorly at midline
the papillae) (lingual tonsils)
2. Foramen Cecum
4 TYPES OF PAPILLAE  shallow pit at the apex of sulcus terminale
1. Filliform papillae  marks the origin of the thyroid gland, upper part of
 Most numerous thyroglossal duct
 Scattered over the dorsal of the tongue,  Thyroglossal duct – from the tongue, the thyroid will
tapering/thread-like descend to thyroid cartilage
 Receptors: touch, temp, pressure, pain
3. Median Fibrous Raphe / Septum
2. Fungiform papillae  Divides dorsum of tongue into left and right halves
 Small, round, reddish, interspersed in between the  Inferior surface: smooth, no papillae,
filliform papillae, esp. at the tips and sides of the tongue

Transcribers: Page 1 of 2
________________________________________________________ ANATOMY
4. Frenulum 1. Lingual artery
 Attaches tongue to the floor of the mouth, where  Branch of External Carotid
“ranine” (frog) vein is found.  At Hyoid Bone Level (C3) and angle of
 Sides of frenulum: fimbriated fold – contains deep, mandible
lingual artery 2. Dorsalis lingua arteriae
 From dorsum of tongue towards tip of tongue
OTHER LANDMARKS 3. Profunda lingua arteria/Deep lingual artery
MUSCLES
VEINS
1. Extrinsic 1. Ranine Vein -Chief vein
A. Styloglossus 2. Veni Comitans (2)
O: styloid process 3. Accompanying veins to the hypoglossal duct
Action: elevation & retraction of the roof of the tongue ** All drain to Internal Jugular Vein
B. Hyoglossus
O: hyoid bone NERVE SUPPLY of Whole Tongue:
Action: depression of tongue 1. Chorda Tympani Branch of the Facial Nerve
C. Genioglossus 2. Lingual Nerve Branch of Trigeminal Nerve
O: mandible 3. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Action: protraction of tongue 4. Hypoglossal Nerve
D. Palatoglossus 5. Pharyngeal Plexus of nerves
O: palate
LYMPHATICS:
2. Intrinsic: Fibers interdigitate with each other and with 4 GROUPS
extrinsic muscles 1. Apical: drains the tip of tongue into:
 Longitudinalis Superior a. Submental group of lymphatics
 Longitudinalis Inferior b. Jugulo-omohyoid lymphatics / Supra
 Verticalis omohyoid Lymphatics
 Transversus 2. Marginal: drains lateral borders or sides of tongue →
submandibular lymphatics → deep cervical chain of
lymphatics
3. Central: drains both sides of median raphe → deep
cervical chain of lymphatics
4. Posterior / Basal: drains to deep cervical chain of
lymphatics
*All drain into deep cervical chain of lymphatics EXCEPT apical.

INNERVATION
All muscles are innervated by Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) except
for palatoglossus
a. Motor: Hypoglossal nerve
b. Sensory: Glossopharyngeal, facial nerve,
trigeminal nerve
Palatoglossus: Pharyngeal Plexus of nerves

BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES AND LYMPH


ARTERIAL
Transcribers: Page 2 of 2

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