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Thevenin's Theorem

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62 views10 pages

Thevenin's Theorem

Uploaded by

Racknarock
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thevenin’s theorem

It permits the reduction of complex networks to a simpler form for analysis and
design
The theorem can be used to do the following;
1. analyze networks with sources that are not in series or parallel
2. reduce the number of components required to establish the same
characteristics at the output terminals
3. Investigate the effect of changing a particular component on the behaviour
of a network without having to analyze the entire network after each change
Thevenin’s theorem
• Thevenin's Theorem states that “Any linear
circuit containing several voltages and
resistances can be replaced by just one single
voltage in series with a single resistance
connected across the load“.
• For example, consider the circuit below. Find
the current through the 40 Ω resistor.
Soln
NB:
▪ the resistor in which current is to be determined
is our load resistor.
▪ Vth- Thevenin’s voltage (the voltage which
appears across A and B)
▪ Rth- Thevenin’s resistance (an equivalent
resistance of the network)
Step 1:
Remove the load resistor from your circuit. Map the
open terminals as A and B.
Soln;
Step two;
Find the Thevenin’s voltage (Vth)
The voltage Vth is defined as the total voltage
across the terminals A and B when there is an
open circuit between them. That is without the
load resistor RL connected.
Soln
•
Soln
Step 3
• Remove any internal resistance associated
with the voltage source(s). This is done by
shorting out all the voltage sources connected
to the circuit, that is v = 0, or open circuit any
connected current sources making i = 0. The
reason for this is that we want to have an
ideal voltage source or an ideal current source
for the circuit analysis.
Soln;
• The value of the Thevenin’s resistance, Rth is
found by calculating the total resistance
looking back from the terminals A and B with
all the voltage sources shorted. We then get
the following circuit.
Soln
• Then the Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit would
consist of a series resistance of 6.67Ω and a
voltage source of 13.33v. With the 40Ω resistor
connected back into the circuit we get:
Soln;
•
Thevenin’s Theorem Summary

• We have seen here that Thevenin’s theorem is another type of circuit analysis tool
that can be used to reduce any complicated electrical network into a simple circuit
consisting of a single voltage source, Vth in series with a single resistor, Rth.
• When looking back from terminals A and B, this single circuit behaves in exactly the
same way electrically as the complex circuit it replaces. That is the i-v relationships
at terminals A-B are identical.
• The basic procedure for solving a circuit using Thevenin’s Theorem is as follows:
1. Remove the load resistor RL or component concerned.
2. Find Vth by the usual circuit analysis methods.
3. Find Rth by shorting all voltage sources or by open circuiting all the current sources.
4. Find the current flowing through the load resistor RL.
• In the next lesson we will look at Norton’s Theorem which allows a network
consisting of linear resistors and sources to be represented by an equivalent circuit
with a single current source in parallel with a single source resistance.

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