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Cellular Light Weight Concrete Using Glass Fiber

This document summarizes a study on producing lightweight cellular concrete blocks using glass fiber. The study aims to decrease the density of concrete by adding an optimal amount of foam. Cellular lightweight concrete blocks were casted with fly ash, cement, and 50% foam content. Glass fiber of 1% and 2% of total weight was added to increase strength. Tests on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength showed that glass fiber improved the properties of lightweight concrete blocks. In conclusion, the document examines how foam concrete can be used in construction due to properties like lower weight, improved insulation, and fire resistance.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
166 views5 pages

Cellular Light Weight Concrete Using Glass Fiber

This document summarizes a study on producing lightweight cellular concrete blocks using glass fiber. The study aims to decrease the density of concrete by adding an optimal amount of foam. Cellular lightweight concrete blocks were casted with fly ash, cement, and 50% foam content. Glass fiber of 1% and 2% of total weight was added to increase strength. Tests on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength showed that glass fiber improved the properties of lightweight concrete blocks. In conclusion, the document examines how foam concrete can be used in construction due to properties like lower weight, improved insulation, and fire resistance.

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midhila vk
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181


Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020

Cellular Light Weight Concrete using Glass


Fiber
Sandesh Dhavale1, Shubham Watharkar1, Pranav Kochrekar1, Rohan Jadhav1, Deepali Phadatare 2.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mumbai.
1
UG Student, Civil engineering, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
2
Assistant Professor, Civil engineering dept, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai.

Abstract- Foamed concrete is a material which basically concrete. The utilization of lightweight concrete provides
consist of cement based mortar with minimum (atleast ) improved thermal insulation as well as fire resistance,
20-25 % of air by volume. It has lower strength than therefore it is not only effective in fire resistance but also in
conventional concrete. It is a non loadbearing structure decreasing U-values ( it’s the measure in which heat loss is
element. Now a days investigation is carried out on the measured through structural elements ) of structures. The
concrete blocks by varying density of foam in quary dust. main objective is to study the properties of cellular lightweight
Constro chem foaming agent is a synthetic foam which is concrete blocks. Light weight cellular concrete blocks are
used to vary the density of concrete. The main aim of this casted with Fly ash and cement with foam content 50% and
project is to decrease the density of concrete by using glass fiber 1% and 2% of total weight to increase its strength.
optimum amount of foam. The results are discussed in Foam is replaced by 50% of cementitious material.
detail with respect to test conducted such as compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with II. LITERATURE REVIEW
varying quantity of glass fibre and foam. In civil Tridevi Manoj , et al. (march 2015) has carried out
engineering works foamed cement concrete can be used in experimental studies on strength of CLC block in comparison
numerous ways as it has unique characteristics which can with the conventional bricks. Their studies showed that the
be exploited in works. Foamed concrete will flow readily cellular light weight concrete block can be used as an
from an outlet to fill restricted and irregular cavities, it alternative to conventional bricks to reduce environmental
requires no compaction and it can be pumped by a pollution and global warming , the energy consumed in
significant distance or height. Therefore it can be used as a production of CLC block is less compared to conventional
free flowing and self setting fills. This report provides a bricks and emits no pollution. This study shows that the
detailed summary of foam concrete with respect to reduction in self weight of CLC blocks is 32% compared to
constituents, production, engineering properties and use. conventional bricks and increase in compressive strength after
21 days of curing is 36% compared to conventional clay
Key Words: Foam concrete, Flexural strength, Split tensile bricks.
strength, Compressive Strength, Compaction, Foam, glass
fiber. Kaushal Kishore ,et.al said (2015)has expressed that Foamed
concrete, additionally called cellular light weight concrete is
I. INTRODUCTION engendered by the mixing of Portland cement, sand including
Lightweight concrete has been used on a large scale in or alone fly ash, water and preformed stable foam”. The foam
various structural applications and its use in construction is engendered with the avail of a foam generator by utilizing
grows every year on a global basis. The reason for this is that foaming agent.Remedying of foamed concrete unit may be
utilizing lightweight concrete has many advantages. These done as per IS: 456-2000. curing can be accelerated up by
include: an abbreviation in the dead load of the building, steam. Foamed light weight concrete in the form of bricks,
which minimizes the dimensions of structural members; the blocks or poured in-situ is utilized in may ways such thermal
engenderment of lighter and more minuscule pre-cast insulation over flat roofs, cold storage walls, non-load bearing
elements with inexpensive casting, handling and conveyance walls in RCC/Steel framed buildings, load bearing walls for
operations; the provision of more space due to the low-rise buildings.
minimization in size of the structural members; a truncation in
the jeopardy of earthquake damage; and incremented thermal Kumar ,et.al (2016) has stated that light weight cellular
insulation and fire resistance. concrete is not a new technology . Its 1st use recorded in
In India, construction applications which are being 1920s light weight cellular concrete is type of aerated concrete
used mostly, masonry structures form the most immensely having cellular structure in it which makes it lighter, good
colossal proportion of the utilizations of conventional burnt thermal and sound insulator material . It is a green product and
clay bricks, hollow concrete block, fly ash bricks, which it requires least energy. It uses the industrial waste products
have many drawback (like cumbersomely hefty weight, non- which is good for environment which also causes huge saving
uniform shape and size, low thermal insulation and fire of material.
resistance etc.), that can be amended by utilizing lightweight

IJERTV9IS090239 www.ijert.org 523


(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020

Anik,et.al (December 2016) in his paper explained the flexural strength, and compression strength and split tensile
successful use of cellular light weight concrete blocks and it strength is fullfilled by regression analysis.
has gained popularity due to its lower density and comparative
strength than conventional bricks. Also there studies has III. MATERIAL USED
shown that the use of fly ash in foam concrete can greatly
Improve its property.Most of the cleaner production efforts are 1. Cement :
required in India and hence CLC block can be used as a It is always worth seeking to use the best
replacement of burnt clay bricks for construction purposes. cement in constructions. Therefore, the properties of a cement
Which is advantageous in many terms such as general must be studied. Although depending upon the types of
construction properties, eco-friendlyness. construction various cement properties may differ, Many
times a good cement possesses many useful properties.
Raj Vardhan Singh, et al. (2016). This paper states that the
cellular light weight concrete is a multifarious material which 2. Fly ash:
is composed of cement , flyash and protein based foam. They Fly ash is finely divided residue resulting from
carried out studies on properties of cellular light weight the combustion of powdered coal, conveyed by the flue gases
concrete and also the utilization of quarry dust in the and amassed by electrostatic precipitators. Its felicitous
proportion of cellular light weight concrete . they found out disposal has been a cause of concern since long, which causes
that the dry density of CLWC increased and water absorption pollution of air, soil and water. Fly ash can also be referred as
of CLWC decreases when quarry is partially replaced by fly either pozzolanic or cementitious. A material which hardens
ash content. when mixed with water is called as cementitious material.

Tharakarama, et.al (2017Nov) released that foam concrete is a 3. Foaming Agent:


versatile material which consists primarily of cement based It made to compose light weight concrete and
mortar mixed with atleast 20-25% of volume air. The focus of other concrete materials. Foam engender no reaction on
this project was to decrease the density of concrete by using concrete but it accommodates as a layer which is air trapped
optimum content of foam. Foam concrete has a unique and forms no fumes or toxic. Protein predicated foaming agent
characteristic that can be exploited in civil engineering works. requires comparatively more energy to make foam.
Based on test results it can be observed that 1200kg/m will be 4. Water:
optimum density where upto 40% of density can be reduced water plays a consequential role in the formation
compared to conventional concrete of concrete as it participates in chemical reaction with cement.
Due to the presence of water the gel is form which avails in
Chandhan et.al (2017) said ,that “Foam concrete possess high increase of strength. Virtually any natural water that is
drying shrinkage due to absence of aggregates i.e. upto 10 drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odour can be utilized
times greater than those observed on normal weight as commixing water.
concrete” .Splitting tensile strength of foam concrete are 5. Fine sand:
lower .Use of fly ash helps to acquire desirable strength of The grading and maximum size of aggregates is
light weight concrete that is produced just like normal consequential parameters in any concrete commix. They
concrete under ambient conditions . It is produced by slurry of affects proportions in mix, workability, economy, porosity etc.
cement plus sand plus fly ash plus water which is further Experiments has shown that very fine sands or very coarse
mixed with addition of pre formed stable foam in an ordinary sands are disagreeable as the former is uneconomical, the
concrete mixer. latter gives astringent unworkable mixes. Thus the object in
this paper is to find the best fineness modulus of sand to get
D. Kavita,et.al (june 2018) , this paper states that the density the optimum grading of cumulated aggregate (all-in-
of foamed concrete is inversely propotional to the percentage aggregate), which is most felicitous, and for economy. In
of foam added to the slurry and concrete is a type of porous general, the grading of aggregates, which do not have a
concrete. The term foam concrete is containing no aggregate deficiency or excess of any size of aggregate .
only sand, cement, water and stable foam to perform the 6) Glass fiber:
concrete. This process comprises tiny enclosed air bubbles Glass fiber has roughly commensurable mechanical
within the mortar there by making the concrete lighter. There properties to other fibers such as polymers and carbon fiber.
study has shown that the starting of strength gain for foamed Albeit not as rigid as carbon fiber, it is much more frugal and
concrete is on higher side than that of normal weight concrete significantly less brittle when utilized in composites. Glass
and strength gained beyond 28days is faster than normal fibers are now a days used as a reinforcing agent for many
weight concrete. polymer products to compose a very strong and relatively,
lightweight fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite,
Swapnil Benake,et.al ( July 2019) explained in his study that material called glass reinforced plastic (GRP), withal
foam concrete was prepared fully replacing sand by fly ash popularly kenned as "fiberglass". This material contains very
and particularly replacing cement by silica fume. Because the little or no air (or gas), is denser, and is a much poorer thermal
foaming agent produces a stiff air void, the concrete produces insulator than is glass wool.
is called foam concrete. From outcome of study it can be
noticed that the relation between compressive strength and

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(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020

IV. METHODOLOGY For finding out the compression strength of foam concrete we
The addition of resin(R) and hardner is as such by replacing casted moulds of 150x150x150 mm. After casting 24 hours
50% of the cementitious material. And glass fiber(G) is added removing the mould and allowing for curing in a curing tank
in the variation of 1% and 2% by replacing cementitious for period of 28 days. After 28 days of curing of cube we
material. carried out test on UTM .
By varying the percentages of resins the compressive test,
Flexural test, Split tensile test are done and the results are According to the results the strength achieved by the trial
been taken after 28days, having 2% glass fiber (R95G2) is 21.16 MPa which is
The variation of resins where taken to be 95%, 96%, 97%, approximately equal to strength of conventional mix i.e 22
98%, 99%. The three variation in which we achieve greater MPa. Therefore it can be used as a replacement of
strength will be tested or carry out study by further adding conventional concrete bricks with cellular light weight
glass fiber into variation of 1% and 2%. concrete having glass fiber.

Table 1. Test Results of Compressive Strength of Concrete

compressive strength
sr.no code 28d
load MPA AVG
456 20.27
1 CM 490 21.78 22.44
569 25.29
256 11.38
2 R99 305 13.56 12.22
264 11.73
270 12.00
3 R98 315 14.00 12.80
279 12.40
305 13.56
4 R97 333 14.80 13.82
295 13.11
305 13.56
5 R96 357 15.87 15.24
367 16.31
356 15.82
6 R95 405 18.00 16.49
352 15.64
335 14.89
Fig 1. Flow chart of methodology 7 R97G1 356 15.82 15.33
344 15.29
395 17.56
V. TESTS AND RESULTS 8 R97G2 456 20.27 18.84
421 18.71
1.COMPRESSIVE TEST:- 395 17.56
9 R96G1 425 18.89 17.16
Strength conventionally gives an overall Picture of the quality 338 15.02
of concrete because it is directly cognate to the structure of 496 22.04
10 R96G2 510 22.67 20.40
cement-paste. Compression test of the Concrete specimen is 371 16.49
mosts used test to quantify its compressive strength. 426 18.93
This concrete is poured in the mould and tampered 11 R95G1 465 20.67 18.71
372 16.53
opportunely so as not to have any voids. After 24 hours these 486 21.60
moulds are abstracted and test specimens are put in water for 12 R95G2 524 23.29 21.16
remedying. The upper surface of these specimen should be 418 18.58

made smooth. This is done by putting cement paste and


spreading smoothly on over all area of specimen. 2. FLEXURAL STRENGTH:
These specimens are tested by compression testing machine Flexural strength is one of the measure of the tensile strength
after 7 days remedying or 28 days remedying. The Load of of concrete. It is a quantification of an unreinforced concrete
140 kg/cm2 per minute should be applied gradually till the beam or slab to resist failure in bending. It is quantified by
specimens fails or breaks. Compressive strength of concrete is loading 6 x 6-inch (150 x 150-mm) concrete beams with a
calculated by dividing the load by area of specimen. span length at least three times the depth.
Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors The results of Flexural strength using different variations of
such as cement strength, quality of concrete material, water resins and glass fiber are presented in Table 2.
cement ratio etc. The average of three cubes are used to
determine the compressive strength of each age of test. For finding out Flexural strength of foam concrete we casted
Compressive strength increase as the percentage of glass fiber mould 150x150x700 mm. After casting 24 hours removing the
increases. mould and allowing for curing in a curing tank for period of
The results of compressive strength using different variations 28 days. After 28 days of curing of cube we carried out test on
of resins and glass fiber are presented in Table 1. Electro-hyraulic closed loop machine. According to the results
the strength achieved by the trial having 2% glass fiber

IJERTV9IS090239 www.ijert.org 525


(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020

(R95G2) is 3.53 MPa which is approximately equal to Table 3. Test Results of Split Tensile Strength of foam
strength of conventional mix i.e 3.84MPa. Therefore it can be Concrete
used as a replacement of conventional concrete bricks with SPLIT TENSILE TEST
sr.no code 28d
cellular light weight concrete having glass fiber. load MPA AVG
112 1.59
Table 2. Test Results of Flexural Strength of foam Concrete 1 CM 125 1.77 1.77
FLEXURAL 138 1.95
sr.no code 28d 66 0.93
load MPA AVG 2 R99 74 1.05 1.00
11 3.42 72 1.02
1 CM 12 3.73 3.53 69 0.98
11 3.42 3 R98 78 1.10 1.10
6 1.87 86 1.22
2 R99 6 1.87 1.87 72 1.02
6 1.87 4 R97 85 1.20 1.16
7 2.18 89 1.26
3 R98 7 2.18 2.07 85 1.20
6 1.87 5 R96 96 1.36 1.35
7 2.18 105 1.49
4 R97 8 2.49 2.39 96 1.36
8 2.49 6 R95 110 1.56 1.53
8 2.49 118 1.67
5 R96 9 2.80 2.70 93 1.32
9 2.80 7 R97G1 106 1.50 1.46
10 3.11 110 1.56
6 R95 11 3.42 3.11 115 1.63
9 2.80 8 R97G2 126 1.78 1.75
8 2.49 130 1.84
7 R97G1 8 2.49 2.49
90 1.27
8 2.49 9 R96G1 1.47
105 1.49
9 2.80
117 1.66
8 R97G2 10 3.11 3.01
105 1.49
10 3.11
10 R96G2 126 1.78 1.82
9 2.80
155 2.19
9 R96G1 10 3.11 3.08
106 1.50
10.7 3.33
11 R95G1 115 1.63 1.64
11 3.42
10 R96G2 3.63 127 1.80
12 3.73
12 3.73
125 1.77
12 R95G2 147 2.08 1.88
9 2.80
11 R95G1 9 2.80 2.80 126 1.78
9 2.80
12 3.73 V. CONCLUSION
12 R95G2 13 4.04 3.84
12 3.73
• Density is not directly proportional to water
3.SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH: absorption. As there is increase in density there is a
A method of determining the tensile strength of concrete is decrease in water absorption..
carried out by casting a cylinder which splits across the • Foam concrete is more cost efficacious besides eco-
vertical diameter. This method of testing split tensile strength amicable.
is an indirect method. The Split Tensile strength test was • The compressive strength of foamed concrete
carried out according to IS 5816-1999. The results of Split increases when there is increase in the density.
Tensile strength using different variations of resins and glass • This study has shown that the utilization of fly ash in
fiber are presented in Table 3. foam concrete, can be greatly ameliorates its
properties.
For finding out Flexural strength of foam concrete we casted • This CLC is even a better alternative t mundane clay
mould 150x300 mm. After casting 24 hours removing the bricks for walling masonry.
mould and allowing for curing in a curing tank for period of • Above all, it is an environment amicable and energy
28 days. After 28 days of curing of cube we carried out test on efficient material, which is the desideratum of the
UTM. According to the results the strength achieved by the day. It is ergo, no surprise that more and more
trial having 2% glass fiber (R95G2) is 1.88 MPa which is builders are progressively opting for this material in
approximately equal to strength of conventional mix i.e 1.77 their constructions.
MPa. Therefore it can be used as a replacement of • It can be concluded that the light weight concrete has
conventional concrete bricks with cellular light weight the desirable strength and can be used as a
concrete having glass fiber. industrialized building system.
• This type of concrete can be utilized in wall panels
for precast building.
• Compressive strength value is compared with the
normal value of conventional concrete and the

IJERTV9IS090239 www.ijert.org 526


(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 09, September-2020

replacement of coarse aggregate at different


percentage(50,60,70).
• The flexural strength increases with the increase in
glass fiber percentage in the mixes without using
superplasticizers.

VI. REFERENCES

[1] Manoj, (2015)- “An experimental work on cellular light weight


concrete”, volume-02, issue-03, march-2015.
[2] Kishore,et.al(2016)- “Foamed cellular Light concrete”.
[3] Kumar, et.al (2016)- “Study of Light Weight Cellular Block” in -
International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.
4, Issue 03, 2016.
[4] Anik, et.al (2016) “Comparative study of performance of light
weight concrete” in: https://www.researchgate.com.
[5] Vardhan, et.al (2016)- “Study of Cellular Light Weight Concrete”
in IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development| Vol. 4, Issue 07, 2016.
[6] Tharakarama, et.al (2017)- “An experimental investigation on
light weight foam cement blocks with quarry dust replacement for
fine aggregate” in International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 11 | Nov -2017.
[7] Chandan, et.al (2017)- “Cellular lightweight concrete by UG,
students, department of civil engineering”,
IIMT College, Greater Noida.
[8] Kavitha,et.al (2018) - “ Design and Analysis of Foam Concrete in
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications
(IJETA)” – Volume 5 Issue 3, May-Jun 2018.
[9] Beneke, et.al (2018) - “Use of high strength cement in hybrid fibre
foam concrete with fly ash and silica fume” in International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 05 Issue: 07 | July 2018.

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