Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 10
Graphing Linear Equations
 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will recognize the different methods of graphing a linear equation
in two variables as an important tool to understand, visualize, and assess easily a
linear equation. The scope of this module enables you to use it in many different
learning situations. The lesson is arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of

linear equations in two variables.

Performance Standards: The learner is able to formulate real-life problems involving

linear equations in two variables and solve these problems accurately using a variety
of strategies.

Learning Competency: The learner graphs a linear equation given (a) any two points:
(b) the x - and y – intercepts; (c) slope and a point on the line.

Learning Code: M8AL-If-2

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the three methods of graphing a linear equation;

2. graph a linear equation given any two points, x- and y-intercepts, the slope and
a point; and
3. realize the importance of graphing linear equations in dealing real-life problems.

1
 What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which is TRUE about a linear equation?

A. It is an equation whose graph is a parabola.
B. It is an equation which has two solutions.
C. It is an equation having a polynomial of degree 1.
D. It is an equation having a polynomial of degree 2.
2. What do you call the graph of a linear equation?
A. ellipse C. line
B. hyperbola D. parabola
3. The following can be used in graphing a linear equation EXCEPT:
A. slope
B. two points
C. slope and a point
D. 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts

4. Which of these linear equations represents the graph?

A. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
B. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 2
2
C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3
3
2
D. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 3

5. What does the graph look like when points (2, −3) and (−4,1) are plotted and
connected on the Cartesian Plane?

A. . C.

B. . D.

2
6. Which of the following is the graph of the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 ?
A. . C.

B. . D.

7. Which line passes through the points (1,3) and (−1,5)?

A. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 C. 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4
B. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 D. 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 4

8. What is the graph of a linear equation whose slope is 2 and passes through
point (−2,0)?

A. . C.

B. . D.

3
9. What does the graph look like if the 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts of the linear equation
are (4,0) and (0,5), respectively?

A. . C.

B. . D.

10. Which of the following shows the graph of a line whose slope is −2 and
contains the point (4, −1)?

A. . C.

B. . D.

4
 11. Which of the following shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5?

A. . C.

B. . D.

For items 12-14, consider the graph below.

12. What is the 𝑥-intercept of the graph?

2
A. −3 C. − 3
2
B. −2 D. 3

13. What is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph?

A. −3 C. 2
B. −2 D. 3

5
14. Which of the following linear equations represents the graph?
2 3
A. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 2 C. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 − 3
2 3
B. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 2 D. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 3

15. Due to oil price rollback, Keren fills her car with 35 liters of unleaded gasoline.
On the average, her car consumes 10 liters of fuel per hour of travel. Which of
the following graphs represent the fuel left in her car (𝑦), after driving for (𝑥)
hours?

A. C.

B. D.

6
 Lesson Graphing a Linear Equation Given (a)Any Two

1 Points; (b)the 𝒙- and 𝒚 – Intercepts; (c) the

Slope and a Point on the Line

A first-degree polynomial equation in two variables is said to be a linear

equation. The graph of linear equation is a line. It can be drawn in the coordinate plane
using different methods such as using any two points on the line, x and y-intercepts
on the line, and a slope and a given point.

What’s In
Recall that, the Cartesian Plane is consist of two perpendicular number lines
intersecting at the origin. The position, direction and distance of all points in the plane
relative to the origin are given by its coordinates, the ordered pair (x, y). The 𝑥-
coordinate or abscissa of a point is its horizontal distance from the origin. The 𝑦-
coordinate or the ordinate of a point is its vertical distance from the origin. Hence,
divided the plane into four regions, Quadrant I, II, III, and IV. Then, we can describe
any point of the plane using ordered pair of numbers.

Thus, the ordered pair (4, 3) is located at quadrant I as it is shown below.

Plot the following ordered pairs on the Cartesian Plane.

1. (2,1)
2. (1,0)
3. (3,2) (4,3)
4. (−1, −2)
5. (−3, −4)

7
 Notes to the Facilitator
This module is designed for learners to cope up with the lessons they
failed to attend. Please facilitate in the conduct of the module. In answering the
activities in What’s More phase, allow the learners to use a graph paper. Queries
and clarifications will be entertained however this module is self-directed thus,
encouraging learners to learn and work self-reliantly.

What’s New
In this activity, the students will be able to learn the different ways of drawing
a line. This will also guide them how to graph a linear equation in different methods.

Activity: Let’s Begin…

Do as directed. Use a graph paper.
1. Plot the ordered pairs (2, −3) and (3, 5) on the Cartesian Plane. Draw a line
that passes through these points and label it 𝑙1.

Questions:
a. What have you observed after drawing a line through the given points?
b. What have you realized about the number of points that we need so that a
line can be drawn? Explain briefly.

2. Given the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4. If you let 𝑥 = 0, what is the value of 𝑦? On the

other hand, if you let 𝑦 = 0, what is the value of 𝑥? Plot these two points on a
Cartesian Plane. Draw a line that passes through these points and label it 𝑙2 .

Questions:
a. How did you find the value of x and y in the linear equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4.?
b. Why did you need to find the value of x and y? Expound your answer

8
 3. The line has a slope of 2 and passes through point (2,4). Show the graph by
plotting the points on the Cartesian Plane? Label the graph as 𝑙3 .

Questions:
a. Is it possible to show the graph if you have a slope of 2 and passes through
point (2,4)? Why?

b. How will you graph if you are given a slope of 2 and passes through point
(2,4) respectively?

What is It

A linear equation in two variables can be written either in the form 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶

or 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 where A, B, and C are real numbers, and A and B are not equal to zero.
Graphing linear equations can be done using any of the three methods.

1. Using any two points on the line

2. Using 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts
3. Using the slope and a point

Using Any Two Points

One method of graphing a linear equation is using any two points. Remember
that two points are enough to draw the graph of a linear equation.

Line Postulate
Two points determine a line.

Example 1

Graph the linear equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 .

Solution:

You may assign any two arbitrary values of 𝑥, say 0 and 1, and then solve for the
corresponding value of 𝑦.

9
By substitution,

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 When 𝑥 = 1
𝑦 = 2(0) − 3 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
𝑦 = 0−3 𝑦 = 2(1) − 3
𝒚 = −𝟑 𝑦 =2−3
𝒚 = −𝟏

The solution shown above implies that if

𝑥 = 0, then 𝑦 = −3. Also, if 𝑥 = 1, then
𝑦 = −1. Thus, the ordered pairs are (0, −3) and
(1, −1), respectively. This means that the line
passes through these points.
Plot these points and draw a line through (1,-1)
them.

(0,-3)

Using 𝒙 and 𝒚-intercept

Another way of graphing a linear equation in two variables is by using the 𝑥-

intercept 𝒂 and the 𝑦-intercept 𝒃. The 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts of the line could represent
two points, which are (𝒂, 𝟎) and (𝟎, 𝒃). So, the intercepts are enough to draw the graph
of a linear equation.

Note

The 𝒙-intercept is the abscissa of the point where the graph or

line crosses the 𝑥-axis. This implies that the point is on the 𝑥 −
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 then the ordinate is 0, (𝑥, 0). Similarly, since the 𝒚-intercept is the
ordinate of the point where the graph or line crosses the 𝑦-axis, this
implies that the point is on the 𝑦-axis, hence, the abscissa is 0, (0, 𝑦).

Example 2

Graph the linear equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3.

Solution:

To find the 𝑥-intercept of a line given its equation, let 𝑦 = 0, then solve for 𝑥. To find
the 𝑦-intercept, let 𝑥 = 0, then solve for 𝑦.

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Letting 𝑦 = 0, the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 becomes;

0 = 2𝑥 − 3 Substitution

0 + (−2𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 + (−2𝑥) Inverse Property for Addition

0 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥 Distributive Property

0 − 2𝑥 = (2𝑥 − 2𝑥) − 3 Associative Property for Addition

0 − 2𝑥 = 0 − 3 Simplified

−2𝑥 = −3 Identity Property for Addition

1 1
(2) (−2𝑥) = (2) (−3) Inverse Property for Multiplication
3
−𝑥 = − 2 Simplified

3
(−1)(−𝑥) = (−1) (− 2) Multiplication Property

𝟑
𝒙=𝟐

3 3 3
Hence, the 𝑥 -intercept is 2. In symbol, 𝑎 = 2. Then the point in the 𝑥 - axis is (2 , 0).

To find the 𝑦-intercept, let 𝑥 = 0, then solve for 𝑦.

Letting 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 becomes;

𝑦 = 2(0) − 3 Substitution

𝑦 = 0−3 Identity Property for Addition

𝒚 = −𝟑

Hence, the 𝑦-intercept is −3. In symbol, 𝑏 = −3. The point in the 𝑦-axis is (0, −3).

3
The 𝑥-intercept 𝒂 is while the 𝑦-intercept
2
𝒃 is -3.
x-intercept
Now, plot the 𝑥 and 𝑦-intercepts, then draw a
line that passes through them.

y-intercept

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Using Slope and One Point
Graphing linear equation can also be done using the slope and one point.
Example 3

Graph the line whose slope is 2 and contains the point (−1, −5).

Solution:

1. Plot the given point. (−1, −5)

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
2. Use the slope formula 𝑚 = to
𝑟𝑢𝑛
identify the rise and the run.
The slope of the line is 2 which is equal
2
to 1.
3. Starting at the given point (−1, −5),
count out the rise (2 units up) and run run= 1

(1 unit to the right) to mark the second B (0,-3)

rise= 2
point. (Note that the slope is positive)
4. Draw a line passing the points. A (-1,-5)

What’s More

Activity 1: Using Two Points

Graph each linear equation that passes through the given pair of points. Use graph
paper.

1. (2, 2) and (4, 5) 3. (-1, 2) and (5, 0)

1 3
2. (0, 2) and (2, 2) 4. (-5, -3) and (-3, 5)

Questions:

a. What did you feel as you perform the activity?

b. Were you able to plot the given pair of points on the Cartesian Plane?
c. Did you find any difficulty in the conduct of the activity? Elaborate your answer.

12
Activity 2: Using 𝒙-Intercept and 𝒚-Intercept

Using a graph paper, graph each linear equation whose 𝑥-intercept 𝑎 and 𝑦-intercept
𝑏 are given below, then answer the questions that follow.

1. 𝑎 = -2 and 𝑏 = -4 3. 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = -5
2. 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = 3 4. 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 2

Questions:

1. Were you able to graph all the equations given? How did you graph a linear
equation whose 𝑥 and 𝑦- intercepts are given?
2. Is graphing a linear equation given its 𝑥- and 𝑦- intercepts easy? Why or why
not?

Activity 3: Using Slope and One Point

Graph each linear equation given slope 𝑚 and a point, then answer the questions that
follow. Use graph paper.

3
1. (3, 1) and 𝑚 = 2 3. (0, 1) and 𝑚 = 2
2. (-1, 4) and 𝑚 = -1 4. (2, -1) and 𝑚 = -3

Questions:

1. Were you able to graph all the equations given?

2. How did you graph a linear equation whose slope and a point are given?

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 What I Have Learned

Fill in the diagram below the steps in graphing a linear equation using different
methods.

Using Two Points

STEPS
1

Using x- and y- Intercepts

STEPS
1

Using Slope and One Point

STEPS
1

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Read and analyze the problem, then give what is asked.

Problem

Mr. Vasco operates a bike rental service in the park. Initially it costs Php 15 to
rent a bike, and an additional Php 5 for every hour you use it. Give the equation
that models the situation and show the graph representing the cost (𝑦) of using
the bike for (𝑥) hours.

Solution:

Equation:

Questions:
1. What are your thoughts and feelings as you perform the activity?
2. What method did you use in graphing the linear equation?

15
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer for each item below and
write them on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is true about the graph of a linear equation?

A. It is a line.
B. It is an ellipse.
C. It is a parabola.
D. It is a hyperbola.

2. Which of the following shows the graph of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −3?

A. . C.

B. . D.

3. Which linear equations represents the graph?

2
A. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 1 C. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
3
B. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 1 D. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2

16
4. Which of the following shows the graph of a line whose slope is 3 and passes
through point (2,1)?

A. C.

B. . D.

5. Which line passes through the points (−1, 0) and (0, −2)?

A. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2
B. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2
C. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 2
D. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 2

6. What does the graph of the line look like if the 𝑥 and 𝑦-intercepts are (2,0)
and (0,2), respectively?

A. C.

B. . D.

17
7. Which of the following shows the graph of the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5?

A. C.

B. . D.

8. What is the slope of the linear equation whose graph is shown below?

A. 3
B. −3
1
C. 3
1
D. − 3

9. What are the intercepts of the linear equation whose graph is shown below?

A. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 3; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 5
B. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 5; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 3
C. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −3; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −5
D. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −5; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −3

10. Which among the choices is the abscissa of a point?

A. 𝑥 − intercept
B. 𝑥 − coordinate
C. 𝑦 − intercept
D. 𝑦 −coordinate

18
 3
11. What is the graph of the linear equation whose slope is − and passes through
4
the point (−1, −2)?

A. C.

B. . D.

12. What are the intercepts of the linear equation whose graph is shown below?

A. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 2; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −4
B. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 4; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −2
C. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −2; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −4
D. 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −4; 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: −2

13. Which of the following linear equations represents the graph?

5
A. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 5
2
B. 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 + 5
5
C. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 − 2
2
D. 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 − 2

14. You are asked by your teacher to graph the linear equation whose slope and a
point are given. What will you do first?

A. Plot the given point.

B. Draw a line passing the points.
C. Use the slope to identify the rise and the run.
D. From the given point, count out the rise and run.

19
 15. Miss Reyes provides math tutorial services. The initial charge for each session
is Php 150, with an additional fee of Php 50 per hour. Which of the graphs below
reflect the total tutorial session payment (𝑦) in (𝑥) hours?

A. C.

B. D.

Additional Activities

Directions: Sketch the graph of each

linear equation using any of the three
methods presented. Use a graphing
paper.

1. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0
1
2. 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 − 2
3
3. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 1

20
 21
What I have Learned Assessment What Can I Do
USING TWO POINTS Equation
Additional 1. Plot the given points on the 1. A
Activities Cartesian Plane. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 15
2. B
2. Draw a line that passes through
3. A
these points.
USING x- AND y-INTERCEPTS 4. D
1. Solve the x- and y-intercepts by 5. D
letting y=0 and x=0, 6. A
respectively. 7. B
2. Plot the x- and y- intercepts on 8. A
the Cartesian Plane. 9. A
3. Draw a line that passes through 10. B
these points.
USING SLOPE AND A POINT
11. C
1. Plot the given point on the 12. B
Cartesian Plane. 13. A
2. Use the slope formula to identify 14. A
the rise and the run. 15. A
3. Starting at the given point, count
out the rise and run to mark the
second point.
4. Draw a line passing the points.
What’s More
Activity 3 What's New What I Know
Activity 1
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. A
Activity 2 10. D
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. A
Answer Key