NORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE

Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

GE 6 - Art Appreciation

Compiled by:
IAN NORVIN G. BUCCAT
LOVELY KAE H. TALAVERA
CLAIRE I. ARELLANO
MARINEL CAMPILLA
CLEROJAY NAUNGAYAN
ERMA YSABELLE STA. ANA
SHARMILA S. LAOAGAN

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 NORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE
Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

Chapter 3: Medium

Medium or media refers to the materials which the artist use in making artworks with
different techniques. Technique refers to the way the artist controls his medium to achieve the
desired effect.

Examples of Medium:

1. Watercolor. This is a common medium with colored pigments with the use of art
brush and water. It is sometimes difficult to use this medium for the colors of it are
soft or very light. Strathmore or watercolor paper is very suitable in applying the said
medium on it.
2. Fresco. It is a colored powder mixed with elements and liquid as permanent paint
during the renaissance period. This medium was used by Leonardo da Vinci when he
made the mural painting, “The Last Supper”.
3. Encaustic. This is a medium used by Egyptians in painting caskets long time ago.
4. Pastel. This is a medium with luminous colors that is made by grounded chalk mixed
with sticky chemicals on it.
5. Latex / Acrylic. This is a water-based paint which is used in painting walls, making
paintings on canvas and mural paintings.
6. Oil Paint. This is a paint mixed with linseed oil or cooking oil and it used in making
paintings on canvas.
7. Crayon. This is a medium made of wax mixed with paste. It is the primary coloring
material of every individual since elementary.
8. Poster Color. This is an alternative water color with luminous colors. It is suitable to
oslo papers, sketchpads and bond papers in making artworks.
9. Pencil. It is used in writing and sketching. It is the primary medium of all individuals.
10. Pen and Ink. Medium of using ball pens or signing pens in sketching artworks.

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Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

References:

Sanchez C. et. al. (2012). “Introduction to the Humanities”. (6 th ed). Quezon City. Rex
EStore.

Zulueta, F. (2004) The Humanities (rev. ed.) Mandaluyong: National Bookstore

Notes of Buccat, Ian Norvin (2004) in FA 102 (Creative Design and color Theory), Institute
of Fine Arts, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.

Levinson (2003). The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press.

www.oxfordreference.com.

www.wikipedia.org

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 NORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE
Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

Chapter 4: Visual Arts and its Elements

Visual Arts is a form of art done such as painting, photography, printmaking,

sculpture, crafts and designing. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual
art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. There are
elements of visual arts – these are line, form, texture, value and color.

Elements of Visual Arts:

1. Line. It is a geometrical figure made by a movement of a point or dot.

Kinds of Line:

 Straight Line

Vertical
Diagonal
Horizontal

 Curve Line

Zigzag Wave lines Curl lines

Spiral Arc / semi
circle

 Broken Line

Dotted Dashed

Symbolisms of Line:

1. Horizontal line (peace, justice, balance, death)

2. Vertical line (stability, strength, pride, dignity)
3. Diagonal line (movement, injustice, favoritism, development, success and failure)
4. Curve lines (misleading, movement, development, status, confusion, insanity)
5. Broken line (disorder, separation, guide, secrecy)

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2. Form. It is the visual shape of an object.

Kinds:

Polygon Deformed

Examples of polygons are triangles, quadrilaterals (square, rectangle, trapezoid, rhombus,

parallelogram), pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, and others.

Examples of deformed shapes are the cloud-shaped, heart-shaped, tear drop-shaped and
others.

Further, the circle or round is also included in the shapes.

Symbolisms of Form

1. Circle/Round (infinity, immortality, group, friendship, unity, mystery, power, hope,

love)
2. Triangle (mystery, hierarchy, leadership, family, home)
3. Star-shaped – merit, fame
4. Heart-shaped – love

3. Texture. It is the softness and roughness of an object.

Symbolism of Texture

 Softness (smoothness, joy, success, relaxation)

 Roughness (failures, struggles, melancholy trials, hardwork)

4. Value. It is the lightness and darkness of an object. This deals with the different kinds of
shadings in making or sketching the subject.

Kinds of Shading:

 Hatched
 Cross-hatched
 Contour
 Pointilism
 Smudging

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Symbolism of Value:

1. Lightness (hope, brightness, guide, knowledge, holiness, strength, power)

2. Darkness (failures, melancholy, fear, chaos, death)

5. Color. It is the quality of an object with respect to light reflected by it.

Classifications of colors:

1. Primary Colors (red, blue, yellow)

2. Secondary Colors (green, orange, violet)
3. Neutral Colors (black, white, gray)
4. Intermediate Colors (yellow green, yellow orange, red orange, red violet, blue violet
and blue green)
5. Tertiary Colors (pink, brown and the rest of the colors)

Symbolisms of Colors:

1. Red (love, leadership, blood, heat, festivity, anger, war, bravery, perseverance)
2. Blue (peace, sky, stability, dignity, sadness, hope, progress, education)
3. Yellow (lightness, sweetness, dynamism, joy, nostalgia)
4. Green (hope, freshness, cure, cleanliness, disgust, maliciousness, service)
5. Violet/Purple (elegance, royalty, excellence, mourning, beauty)
6. Orange (heat, strength, energy)
7. Black (darkness, evil/good, chaos, fear, death, sorrow, failure, formality, elegance)
8. White (good/evil, holiness, simplicity, neatness, success, hope, freedom, retreat, joy,
clarity, elegance, majesty, innocense)
9. Gray (simplicity, strength, technology)
10. Brown (simplicity, humility, hardwork, flesh)
11. Pink (feminine color, sweetness, love, kindness, innocence)

Properties of Color:

1. Hue – the particular identity of a color

2. Value – the lightness and darkness of a color
3. Intensity – the dullness and brightness of a color

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Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

Paradigm of Color Relationships (“Color Wheel”)

Yellow
Yellow Orange Yellow green

Green
Orange

Gray
Red Orange Blue Green

Red Blue

Red Violet
Blue Violet
Violet

Color Harmony – it is the correct combination and arrangement of colors.

Monochromatic harmony – it is a harmony that dominates one color in an artwork,

Harmonies of contrasting colors:

1. complementary harmony (red vs. green, blue vs. orange, yellow vs. violet)
2. double complementary harmony (red & red orange vs. blue green & green)
3. split complementary harmony (ROYGBIV, red, yellow, blue)
4. double split complementary harmony (ROYGBIVIBGYOR, red, yellow, blue,
yellow, red)

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 NORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE
Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

References:

Sanchez C. et. al. (2012). “Introduction to the Humanities”. (6 th ed). Quezon City. Rex
EStore.

Zulueta, F. (2004) The Humanities (rev. ed.) Mandaluyong: National Bookstore

Notes of Buccat, Ian Norvin (2004) in FA 102 (Creative Design and color Theory), Institute
of Fine Arts, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.

Levinson (2003). The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press.

www.oxfordreference.com.

www.wikipedia.org