Mini Project-IA/ Mini Project – IB

“WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION USING TESLA COIL”

Submitted
By

1.Mr. Bhavesh Dhanke

2.Mr. Pratik Manmode
3.Mr. Yash Thorat

In partial fulfillment of the Term Work for project-IA/ project-IB of semester III/IV
in Electrical Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Ujwala Tade

Project Guide

Prof. Shruti Nemade Dr. C. M. Wankhade

(Project-Incharge) (Head of Department)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering
 2020-2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No Page No

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Basic concept 2

2. Literature Survey 3

3. Project work planning 4

3.1 Software/ Hardware requirements 6

3.2 Block diagram/circuit diagram 9

4. Application and advantages 10

5. Conclusion 12

References (Books, journals and other online references) 13

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1. Introduction to TESLA COIL

The idea of transmitting power through the space was conceived over a century ago, with Nikola
Tesla’s pioneering ideas and experiments perhaps being the most well-known early attempts to
do so. He developed the tesla coil in 1891, it is an air core transformer which should produce high
frequency voltage and current output. The original circuit consisted of the high voltage AC supply,
a spark gap, a capacitor, a primary coil linked to a secondary coil. The specialty of the secondary
coil was that one end of the coil was open to air. The output of the coil varies on lot of factors.
The value of capacitance, The length of the spark gap, Inductance of the coil, number of turns,
etc. The circuit also needs to be manually tuned in order to get the best output. Wireless
electricity ensure that the cell-phones, laptops, iPods, and other power Electrical devices get
changed on their own, with no need of plugging them that can Prevent the sockets with all sorts
of wires. Wireless power transfer is when the magnetic Field is transferred over short distance.
The magnetic field is created using inductive Coupling between coils of wire or electric fields using
capacitive coupling between electrodes. The most common form of wireless power transmission
is carried out using direct induction followed by resonant magnetic induction. The carrying fluxes
that induce in the inductor can be captured by another inductive coil that can produce an induced
flux between the receiver coils that coupled to the primary coil. Since this technique using
magnetic field to transfer the electrical energy, the flux that produces in the primary coil must be
in high density with high frequency. Thus, the tesla coil is used as a transmitter to produces high
voltage, high frequency and low alternating current in order to produce high density flux. In this
work, a tesla coil is a main part of transmitter component in wireless electricity apparatus and
need to develop with a view to demonstrate how magnetic induction is coupled to perform a
wireless power transfer. In addition, the construction of winding coils of the tesla coil would be
the great effects in order to provide electricity to supply a load without wires in distances. The
advantages of the wireless electricity system would be completely eliminating existing wires for
electrical appliances between power sources. With wireless electricity, the electrical system will
be more secure as it will prevent user from electrocution of current and the power failure due to
short circuit and fault or power loss on cable would never exist.

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1.1 Basic Concept

Tesla demonstrating wireless power transmission in a lecture at Columbia College, New York, in
1891.The two metal sheets are connected to his Tesla coil oscillator, which applies a high
frequency oscillating voltage. The oscillating electric fields between the sheets ionizes the low
pressure gas in the two long Geissler tubes he is holding, causing them to glow by fluorescence,
similar to neon lights. Experiment in resonant inductive transfer by Tesla at Colorado Springs
1899.The coil is in resonance with Tesla’s magnifying transmitter nearby, powering the light bulb
at bottom. Inventor Nikola Tesla performed the first experiments in wireless power transmission
in wireless power transmission at the turn of the 20th century, and may have done more to
popularize the idea than any other individual. In the period 1891 to 1904 he experimented with
transmitting power by inductive and capacitive coupling using spark-excited radio frequency
resonant transformer, now Called Tesla coils, which generated high AC voltages. With these he
was able to transmit power for short distances without wires. In demonstrations before the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago he lit
light bulbs from across a stage.He found he could increase the distance by using a receiving LC
circuit tuned to resonance with the transmitter’s LC circuit, using resonant inductive coupling. At
his Colorado springs laboratory during 1899-1900,by using voltages of the order of 10 megavolts
generated by an enormous coil. he was able to light three incandescent lamps at a distance of a
about one hundred feet. The resonant inductive coupling which Tesla pioneered is now a familiar
technology used throughout electronics and is currently being widely applied to short-range
wireless power systems.

The power of the Tesla coil lies in a process called Electromagnetic Induction, i.e., a changing
magnetic field creates an electric potential that compels current to flow. The flowing electric
current generates a magnetic field. When electricity flows through a wound up coil of wire, it
generates a magnetic field that fills the area around the coil in a particular pattern.

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2. Literature Survey

While wireless power devices have already been created by other companies and institutions, they
are still very basic and not practical. Charging a battery wirelessly has also been done before by
small home appliance companies. The difference in this WPT technique and the new proposed
wireless power system is its ability to send power wirelessly two meters. WPT is convenient for
the user because it is accessible and it is not confined to a single outlet location. This system is
marketable on many levels. For the individual consumer, this technology allows powering and
charging of portable devices such as cell phones and laptops. Building designers would integrate
WPT technology into the walls or floors of new construction to allow for the distribution of
wireless power. MIT was the first to demonstrate wireless power using resonant near field
inductive coupling in the summer of 2007. In 2008, Intel also achieved wireless power though
inductive coupling . These methods consist of two coils which are configured to have the same
resonant frequency, with an oscillator that sends a sinusoidal signal transmitting the power at the
resonant frequency. These designs are currently in the laboratory phase of development and are
not ready for mainstream use. They usually consist of exposed coils and transmit high frequency
signals at levels not desirable for prolonged human interaction. In the context of wireless power,
energy harvesting, also called power harvesting or energy scavenging, is the conversion of ambient
energy from the environment to electric power, mainly to power small autonomous wireless
electronic devices.[ The ambient energy may come from stray electric or magnetic fields or radio
waves from nearby electrical equipment, light, thermal energy (heat), or kinetic energy such as
vibration or motion of the device. Although the efficiency of conversion is usually low and the
power gathered often minuscule (milliwatts or microwatts), it can be adequate to run or recharge
small micropower wireless devices such as remote sensors, which are proliferating in many fields.
This new technology is being developed to eliminate the need for battery replacement or charging
of such wireless devices, allowing them to operate completely autonomously. Tesla's work was
impressive, but it didn't immediately lead to widespread, practical methods for wireless power
transmission. Since then, researchers have developed several techniques for moving electricity
over long distances without wires. Some exist only as theories or prototypes, but others are already
in use. The radio waves spread in all directions until they reach antennae that are tuned to the right
frequency. A similar method for transferring electrical power would be both inefficient and
dangerous.
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3. Project Work Planning

The power source is connected to the primary coil. The primary coil's capacitor acts like a sponge
and soaks up the charge. The primary coil itself must be able to withstand the massive charge and
huge surges of current, so the coil is usually made out of copper, a good conductor of electricity.
Eventually, the capacitor builds up so much charge that it breaks down the air resistance in the
spark gap. Then, similar to squeezing out a soaked sponge, the current flows out of the capacitor
down the primary coil and creates a magnetic field. The massive amount of energy makes the
magnetic field collapse quickly, and generates an electric current in the secondary coil. The voltage
zipping through the air between the two coils creates sparks in the spark gap. The energy sloshes
back and forth between the two coils several hundred times per second, and builds up in the
secondary coil and capacitor. Eventually, the charge in the secondary capacitor gets so high that it
breaks free in a spectacular burst of electric current. The resulting high-frequency voltage can
illuminate fluorescent bulbs several feet away with no electrical wire connection. In a perfectly
designed Tesla coil, when the secondary coil reaches its maximum charge, the whole process
should start over again and the device should become self-sustaining. In practice, however, this
does not happen. The heated air in the spark gap pulls some of the electricity away from the
secondary coil and back into the gap, so eventually the Tesla coil will run out of energy. This is
why the coil must be hooked up to an outside power supply.

The principle behind the Tesla coil is to achieve a phenomenon called resonance. This happens
when the primary coil shoots the current into the secondary coil at just the right time to maximize
the energy transferred into the secondary coil. Think of it as timing when to push someone on a
swing in order to make it go as high as possible.

A] By using AC supply:-
A single phase 230V AC supply is fed to the system. Firstly supply is transformed from high level
value to low level value i.e 230V/9V with the help of transformer and then it is converted into 9V
DC supply with the help of rectifier circuit. After that power is delivered to the tesla coil through
transistor CL100s as we know transistor works as a switch in the circuit. Positive terminal of DC
supply is connected to the base of the transistor but to avoid over current we connected one resistor
to protect the circuit. One Led is used to indicate whether the power is delivered from transmitter

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side or not. At the receiver side a high gauge wound copper wire is used to receive power from
tesla coil. As we know the output of the tesla coil is alternating in nature. For our application
purpose we used rectifier circuit to convert AC supply into DC supply. Then one terminal or by-
pass path is taken out for direct supply to the specified application in our case car’s headlamps and
another path is taken out for charging purpose where rechargeable battery is used to charge when
supply is activated and to discharge when supply is fails.

B] By using DC supply:-
A simple 9V battery is used to fed supply to the tesla coil. Further procedure is same. The
connections of the battery are taken from the output side of the receiver.

C] By using Adapter input method:-

An Adapter is used in the circuit to fed power instead of transformer method. Due to
implementation of this method the transmission losses are reduced as Adapter having better
stability and less internal losses.

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3.1 Software/ Hardware requirements

i. 1kPF and 10kPF Capacitors

• A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated
by an insulator.
• Here it acts as voltage reference which is an electronic component or circuit that produces a
constant DC (direct-current) output voltage regardless of variations in external conditions such as
temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, current demand, or the passage of time.

ii. Mosfet IRFZ44N

• The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET)
is a type of field effect transistor (FET). It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines the
conductivity of the device.
• The main advantage of a MOSFET over a regular transistor is that it requires very little current to
turn on (less than 1mA), while delivering a much higher current to a load (10 to 50A or more).
• Here Gate is connected to the primary coil and source is connected to the IC.
• The Main Aim of using mosfet here is to amplify the given voltage.

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iii. IC 555
• The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse
generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time
delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide two or
four timing circuits in one package.
• The main Aim of using this in our circuit is to oscillate the coming wave if a
steady wave is encountered then it changes the wave to sine wave.

iv. Resistors (1k ohm & 100 ohm)

• A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as
a circuit element.

1K ohm 100 ohm

v. PCB

PCB means printed circuit board which is used as a mounting rack. Components like copper coil, capacitor,
diodes, led, etc. This PCB was placed in the vehicles for charging the battery purpose.

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vi. Copper wire

This copper wire is of 32 gauge in size having less number of turns which
receives power transmits from tesla coil. The arrangement of copper wire
is in circular shape so that maximum amount of power received.

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3.2 Block diagram/circuit diagram

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4. Application and advantages

Tesla coil does not require complex circuits to produce high voltage at high frequencies, which
reduces high voltage costs. So there are some applications of it:

Welding machines
Tesla coils can be used in welding machines. DC current does not like to jump a gap to start an arc
and some types of welding, like aluminum welding, doesn’t work well being directly contacted
with a DC electrode. For aluminum welding, some machines will use tesla coils as an inexpensive
way to generate high frequencies to form an arc without touching the electrode of the metal. While
other methods can be used, the tesla coil is rugged, simple, and very reliable.

Spark Plug Ignition

An oil filled Tesla coil, known as an ignition coil, is found under the hood of all internal
combustion powered automobiles. It provides the high voltage to fire the spark plugs. Cars with
an internal combustion engine running on gasoline use tesla coils for the spark plug ignition.
Modern solid-state ignition (with power transistors to generate the tickle or primary winding pulse)
uses a single coil to ignite one or two (chipping) ignition wires. But diesel engines are not the
same.

Entertainment Industry
Tesla coils have been used to provide special effects for the entertainment industry. There are tesla
coil fans all over the world, who have made all kinds of devices to create dazzling artificial
lightning, which is very beautiful. Even they use it for magical performances.

Arc Lighter
Amazingly, it can also be used as a lighter which is so cool! Using the principle of arc generation,
people invented the arc lighters. The advantages of arc lighters compared with ordinary lighters,
Firstly, the higher temperature. The arc lighter was invented by the principle of arc generation and
in the process of breaking through the air to produce an arc, the joule thermal power emitted by
high-voltage electricity can reach l0000kW and generate a temperature of tens of thousands of

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degrees Celsius, which is very large in energy. Then there is excellent wind protection on arc
lighter, no matter how hard to blow the arc will not blow out.

CRT type display

Additionally, every CRT type display (televisions, computer monitors, etc.) uses a small Tesla
coil, usually referred to as a flyback transformer in this application, to provide the high voltage
necessary to accelerate electrons from the electron gun in the narrow end of the picture tube to the
phosphors coating the inside of the screen.

Advantages :-

➢ Allows uniform distribution of voltage throughout the winding coils.

➢ Builds up the voltage at a slow pace and hence no damage.
➢ Great performance.
➢ Faster response.
➢ The use of 3-phase rectifiers for higher powers can offer tremendous load sharing.
➢ One stationery coil in room can power multiple devices with receiving coils.
➢ Safe, fairly efficient and good range.

Tesla coils exist in every aspect of our lives. Tesla Coil can produce high voltage alternating
current at both high frequency and low current. This high-frequency current can be transmitted
wirelessly through the air to another receiver over a long distance without any adverse effects on
the human body. Nikola Tesla discovered that high-voltage current could be converted into high-
frequency high-voltage current, which could carry electricity indefinitely. If it can be achieved,
energy is free in the future.

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5. Conclusion

From an environmental standpoint, this technology could replace disposable batteries and cords,
reducing dangerous chemicals and potential for poisoning communities. Resonant inductive
coupling also has health benefits and with no need for cords life would simply become easier. To
start with we should begin replacing household outlets with a wireless power transmitter in each
new house and have battery shaped coils to fit into home electronics. The companies that currently
manufacture batteries and components for wired technology could move into manufacturing the
new wireless technology. Many consumers would appreciate the ease of use of the wireless
technology and the market would surely open up allowing these companies to continue to thrive if
they can switch to the new technology. These homes would still have traditional wired power for
the consideration that there are still many devices are currently manufactured with cords. As
wireless power begins to grow more of these devices would be manufactured with a wireless option
and the use of wireless power will become widespread in new homes. In addition, a power source
coil could be manufactured to be powered from a traditional plug in to give old home owners the
option of upgrading their homes to wireless power. Because only new homes and new devices
would contain the wireless technology there would not be a large abundance of electronic waste
caused by scrapping old wired electronics. The transition would be somewhat slow and take many
years to show up in a majority of places. However, switching to wireless power would increase
the efficiency and convenience of these electronics, while lowering the environmental impact in
the long run.The main objective was to demonstrate wireless power transmission using solid state
tesla coils. Tesla coils are remarkable devices able to generate high voltage, high frequency
waveforms with little control circuitry. Most of the builders of Tesla coils are interested in
producing electric arcs and visible effects suitable for displays and general amusement, not in
producing power supplies and power effects units which may have significant practical
importance. It has demonstrated that tesla coils can be designed for wireless power transmission.

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References

▪ Tesla coil - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org

▪ Online Electric Vehicle – Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org
▪ OLEV Technologies chargedevs.com
▪ Wireless Charging & How Inductive Chargers Work powerbyproxi.com
▪ Wireless Power Transmission www.slideshare.net
▪ "Wireless energy transfer". Encyclopedia of terms. PC Magazine Ziff-Davis. 2014.
▪ Smith, Glenn S. (1997). An Introduction to Classical Electromagnetic Radiation.
Cambridge University Press.
▪ Wong, Elvin (2013). "Seminar: A Review on Technologies for Wireless
Electricity"
▪ chantz, Hans G. (June 2007). A Real-Time Location System Using Near-Field
▪ Electromagnetic Ranging (PDF). 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
▪ International Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Inst. of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers.
▪ Gopinath, Ashwin (August 2013). "All About Transferring Power
▪ Wirelessly" (PDF). Electronics for You E-zine. EFY Enterprises Pvt.
▪ Valtchev, Stanimir S.; Baikova, Elena N.; Jorge, Luis R. (December 2012).
"Electromagnetic Field as the Wireless Transporter of Energy" (PDF). Facta
▪ Universitatis Ser. Electrical Engineering. Serbia.

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