Eo 292
Eo 292
Section 2. General Terms Defined. - Unless the specific words of the text, or the context as a whole,
or a particular statute, shall require a different meaning:
(1) Government of the Republic of the Philippines refers to the corporate governmental entity
through which the functions of government are exercised throughout the Philippines,
including, save as the contrary appears from the context, the various arms through which
political authority is made effective in the Philippines, whether pertaining to the autonomous
regions, the provincial, city, municipal or barangay subdivisions or other forms of local
government.
(2) National Government refers to the entire machinery of the central government, as
distinguished from the different forms of local governments.
(3) Local Government refers to the political subdivisions established by or in accordance with
the Constitution.
(4) Agency of the Government refers to any of the various units of the Government, including
a department, bureau, office, instrumentality, or government-owned or controlled
corporations, or a local government or a distinct unit therein.
(7) Department refers to an executive department created by law. For purposes of Book IV,
this shall include any instrumentality, as herein defined, having or assigned the rank of a
department, regardless of its name or designation.
(8) Bureau refers to any principal subdivision or unit of any department. For purposes of
Book IV, this shall include any principal subdivision or unit of any instrumentality given or
assigned the rank of a bureau, regardless of actual name or designation, as in the case of
department-wide regional offices.
(9) Office refers, within the framework of governmental organization, to any major functional
unit of a department or bureau including regional offices. It may also refer to any position
held or occupied by individual persons, whose functions are defined by law or regulation.
(10) Instrumentality refers to any agency of the National Government, not integrated within
the department framework vested within special functions or jurisdiction by law, endowed
with some if not all corporate powers, administering special funds, and enjoying operational
autonomy, usually through a charter. This term includes regulatory agencies, chartered
institutions and government-owned or controlled corporations.
(11) Regulatory agency refers to any agency expressly vested with jurisdiction to regulate,
administer or adjudicate matters affecting substantial rights and interests of private persons,
the principal powers of which are exercised by a collective body, such as a commission,
board or council.
(12) Chartered institution refers to any agency organized or operating under a special
charter, and vested by law with functions relating to specific constitutional policies or
objectives. This term includes the state universities and colleges and the monetary authority
of the State.
(14) "Officer" as distinguished from "clerk" or "employee", refers to a person whose duties,
not being of a clerical or manual nature, involves the exercise of discretion in the
performance of the functions of the government. When used with reference to a person
having authority to do a particular act or perform a particular function in the exercise of
governmental power, "officer" includes any government employee, agent or body having
authority to do the act or exercise that function.
(15) "Employee", when used with reference to a person in the public service, includes any
person in the service of the government or any of its agencies, divisions, subdivisions or
instrumentalities.