EHS 403: Disaster Management

Module - 4
Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India,
Components of Disaster Relief, DM Act 2005

4th year CSE

Prof.M.Ramesh
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GITAM
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DM – Module -4 Syllabus topics
Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India, Components of
Disaster Relief, DM Act 2005:
1. Vulnerability Profile of India,

2. Components of Disaster Relief (Water, Food, Shelter, Sanitation,

Waste management, Health etc)

3. Institutional Arrangement (Mitigation, Response, Preparedness)

4. Disaster Management Act, 2005

5. Disaster Management Policy,

6. Disaster Management Plan

What is meant by Hazard ?
Hazard means a danger or risk ; had potential to damage
➢Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

• If a hazard is not properly mitigated, it may lead to a disaster.

• According to National Disaster Management Plan (2016), Hazards can be

categorized into two types viz.
1. Natural Hazards
2. Human-Induced Disaster(Hazards)
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 Natural Hazards include: Human Induced Hazards Include:

1. Cyclone and Wind 1. Chemical (Industrial) Disaster

2. Nuclear and Radiological
2. Flood
Emergency (NRE
3. Earthquake 3. Building collapse accidents / air
4. Tsunami crash
5. Landslides and Snow Avalanches 4. Electric Accidents ,Rural / Urban
fires
6. Drought
5. Festival related
7. Cold Wave and Frost 6. Bomb /serial bomb blasts

There are some hazards like Forest Fires, Dam Burst, Mine Fires etc. whose
origin can be both Natural as well as Human induced.

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1. Vulnerability Profile of India
What is meant by Vulnerability ?

Vulnerability means susceptible , likely or liable to effect

➢the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being

damaged or harmed, either physically or emotionally

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Vulnerability
• The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to
the impacts of hazards.

• Vulnerability is one of the defining components of disaster risk:

Vulnerability Profile of India
India (due to its, physiographic and climatic conditions) is one of the
most disaster prone areas of the World.

• Nearly 59% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to

very high intensity.

• About 5,700 km (75 %) of Coast line is prone to Cyclones and

tsunamis out of 7,500 km long coastline of India.

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Vulnerability Profile of India (Contd..)
India is one of the most disaster prone areas of the World.
• More than 40 million hectares (12 % of Land) is prone to Floods and
river erosion.

• Nearly 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to Drought.

• Large tracts in hilly regions are at risk from Landslides and some are
prone to snow avalanches.

• Vulnerability to disasters/emergencies of CBRN (Chemical, Biological,

Radiological and Nuclear) also exists.

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Vulnerability towards Earthquakes
• Nearly 59 percent of India’s territory is vulnerable to

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earthquakes.
• According to earthquake hazard, India is classified into
zones(II,III,IV and V)
• The last three major earthquakes shook Gujarat in
January 2001, Jammu and Kashmir in October 2005 and
Sikkim in 2011.
• Many smaller- quakes have been occurring in various
parts of India.
• Seven states in North East (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya),
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of three states in
the North/North-West (Jammu and Kashmir,
Uttarakhand,Bihar), and Gujarat are in Seismic Zone V.
• Wide-spread human and material losses, collapse of
infrastructure and services may be the major
consequences of the earthquake.
• Hundreds of thousands may be displaced, often in
remote mountainous areas in the North and North-East.

(According to National Disaster Management Plan,2016)

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Vulnerability towards Floods

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• According to the National Commission on Floods, the
area susceptible to floods was estimated in 1980 to
be around 40 million hectares

• Riverine flooding is perhaps the most critical climate-

related hazard in India

• Out of 40 million hectare of the flood prone area in the

country, on an average, floods affect an area of around
7.5 million hectare per year.

• On an average, a few hundred lives are lost, millions of

people are rendered homeless, lakhs of hectares of crops
are damaged, thousands of animals are affected (killed or
injured) may be the consequences of Floods.

(According to National Disaster Management Plan,2016)

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Vulnerability towards Wind and Cyclone
• 76 % of the Indian coastline is prone to Cyclones &

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Tsunamis

• About 10 per cent of the World's tropical cyclones affect

the Indian coast.

• Of these, the majority have their initial genesis over the

Bay of Bengal and strike the east coast of India.

About 5,700 km Coast line is prone to cyclones and

tsunamis out of 7,500 km long coastline of India.

• Cyclones occur frequently on both the west coast in the

Arabian Sea and the east coast in the Bay of Bengal.

• More cyclones occur in the Bay of Bengal than in

the Arabian Sea and the ratio is approximately 4:1
.
• More than a million people in India lost their lives in
between 1877 and 2005 due to cyclones.

(According to National Disaster Management Plan,2016) 12

Vulnerability towards Landslides

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• Landslides occur in the hilly regions of India such as
the Himalaya, North-East India, the Nilgiris, Eastern
Ghats and Western Ghats.

• It is estimated that 30% of the World’s landslides

occur in the Himalayan ranges.

• Landslides are also common in Western Ghat.

• Scientific observations in north Sikkim and Garhwal

regions in the Himalayas clearly reveal that there is an
average of two landslides per sq. km.

• The mean rate of land loss is about 120 meter per km per
year and annual soil loss is about 2500 tons per sq. km.
•
• Landslides have been a major and widely spread natural
disaster that often affect life and property, leading to
major concern.
(According to National Disaster Management Plan,2016)
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 Components of Disaster Relief
• Disaster Relief (or Emergency Management): refers to the process of responding to
a catastrophic situation, providing humanitarian aid to persons and communities who
have suffered from disaster.

• Effective management relies on thorough integration of emergency

plans at all levels of government and non-government involvement.

• Significant Components of Disaster Relief are:
Water, Food, Shelter,
Sanitation, Waste management, Health etc

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 Disaster Relief – Water
• Emergency Preparedness:- Actions required at different levels. From the national to
the district level, authorities should work out emergency preparedness plans. NGOs
need to prepare themselves to provide assistance to communities struck by
disasters.

• Ensure alternative water supply (from neibouring area, water train etc)

• Ensure Contingency Supplies (spare parts, tools, equipment and

chemicals like Chlorine etc)

• Ensure sufficient skilled people

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Flood Disaster – Polluted Water

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Disaster Relief – Water

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Disaster Relief – Water

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Disaster Relief – Emergency Water Purification

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 Disaster Relief – Water Contd..
• The provision of drinking water supplies in emergency situations

• Water Tanker Management:- effective operation of water supply by tankers requires good
planning and management of staff, logistics and stocks
• The required supply capacity is calculated
• Water should be chlorinated at the filling point
• Water delivery points to be well organised

• Intake:- a temporary intake structure can be created by building a small weir made of bags
filled with sand.
• End of inlet pipe needs to be covered with filter (netting)
• Water catchment area should be protected to minimise the risks of pollution

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 Disaster Relief – Water Contd..
• Pipes:- using pipes that are locally available

• Water Tanks:- it should be easily and quickly installed, so light and suitable for quick
transportation to the site.

• Water Treatment:- it is better to look for a water source supplying water of safe
quality wherever possible. Simple water treatment systems include
• Sedimentation
• Coagulation/ flocculation
• Multi-stage filtration
• chlorination

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 Components of Disaster Relief

Water, Food, Shelter,

Sanitation, Waste management, Health etc

YouTube Video (23 min) LINK of

"Components of DISASTER RELIEF",
Presented by Social Science Faculty, Osmania University.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0qui7QWTQU

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 REFERENCES
• UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction,2009
• National Disaster Management Plan. A publication of the National Disaster Management Authority,
Government of India. May 2016, New Delhi
• National Policy on Disaster Management ,A publication of the National Disaster Management
Authority, Government of India, Oct 2009, New Delhi
• The Disaster Management Act,2005 (No. 53 of 2005), Ministry of Law and Justice, Dec 2005,New
Delhi,
• Official website of the National Disaster Management Authority ( https://ndma.gov.in).
• Natural Hazards and Disaster Management,2006,(NCERT Textbook),The Secretary, Central Board
of Secondary Education,2 Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110092

• http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Disaster_relief

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 THANK YOU

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