Pre-Calculus Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 7
(STEM_PC11T-IIc-d-1)

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics – SHS Grade 11 Pre-Calculus
Activity Sheet No. 7
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

by the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced

or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Pre-calculus Learning kit

Writer: Virgelio B. Abalayan Jr.

Illustrator: Patrick T. Lomigo

Layout Artist: Krishea Mae P. Jaruda

Division Quality Assurance Team:
Dr. Julio J. Villalon
Dr. Kim Jay C. Encio
Rosanna A. Daitao

Division of Iloilo Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga,
Mr. Ronald T. Genine,

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Senior High School Grade 11 Mathematics (Pre-Calculus)

The Pre-Calculus Learning Kit is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western Visayas through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division(CLMD). This is developed to guide the
learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible adults) in helping our learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist learners in acquiring the
lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and employment.

For the learning facilitator:

The Pre-calculus kit will help you facilitate the teaching-learning activities
specified in each Most Essential Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face
encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Pre-calculus Learning kit is developed to help you continue learning even
if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and
engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments.
This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) (For SHS Mathematics)
School:_________________________________________________________
Name of Learner:_________________________________________________
Grade Level:_____________________________________________________
Section:_________________________________________________________
Date:___________________________________________________________

PRE-CALCULUS LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Learning Competency with Code
Graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase shift.
(STEM_PC11T-IIc-d-1)

Generalizations

A Periodic function is a trigonometric function which repeats patterns of y-values at

regular intervals. One complete repetition of the pattern is called a cycle. The period of a
function is the horizontal length of one complete cycle. The amplitude (a) is the height of the
graph from the middle to the top. The distance from the middle to the top is the same as the
distance from the middle to the bottom. The Phase Shift is the movement of the graph from
its standard position, the movements to the left and right is called horizontal shift while the
movement upward and downward is called Vertical Shift.
General Equation of the Phase Shifts
Amplitude Period
Six Circular Functions Vertical Horizontal
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
2𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 |𝑎|
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
2𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 |𝑎|
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = a tan 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 None
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
2𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = 𝑎 sec 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 None
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
2𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = 𝑎 csc 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 None
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative
Shifted |𝑑| units upward Shifted |𝑐| units to the
𝜋 if 𝑑 is positive and |𝑑| right if 𝑐 is positive and
𝑦 = 𝑎 cot 𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 None
|𝑏| units downward if 𝑑 is |𝑐| units to the left if 𝑐
negative is negative

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 Tips on sketching a Cycle of the graph of Sine or Cosine Function
Consider 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑 or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝑑
➢ Identify the period and amplitude of the function.
𝑝 𝑝 3𝑝
➢ Consider the cycle on the interval [𝑐, 𝑐 + 𝑝] and values 𝑐, 𝑐 + 4 , 𝑐 + 2 , 𝑐 + 4
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 + 𝑝
on the interval for the x values.
➢ Solve the values of y using the values of x and then plot the points.

Example 1. Determine the period, amplitude and graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .

2𝜋 2𝜋
a. From the equation, we can identify that 𝑏 = 1, hence period 𝑝 = |𝑏| = |1| = 2𝜋.

b. Amplitude (a) = |a| = |1| = 1.

c. To graph 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, let us consider the values of 𝑥 at [−2𝜋, 2𝜋].
• Determine the Critical Points
𝜋
sin(−2𝜋) = sin(−360) = 0 sin 2 = sin 90 = 1
−3𝜋
sin( 2
) = sin(−270) = 1 sin 𝜋 = sin 180 = 0
3𝜋
sin(−𝜋) = sin(−180) = 0 sin = sin 270 = −1
2
−𝜋
sin( ) = sin(−90) = −1 sin 2𝜋 = sin 360 = 0
2

sin 0 = 0
The table shows the summary of the values.
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 −2𝜋 − −𝜋 − 0 𝜋 2𝜋
2 2 2 2

𝑦 0 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0

Graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 shows 2 cycles. One cycle is from the interval [−2𝜋, 0] and another cycle
from [0, 2𝜋]

Example 2. Determine the period, amplitude and graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 .

2𝜋 2𝜋
a. From the equation, we can identify that 𝑏 = 1, hence period 𝑝 = |𝑏| = |1| = 2𝜋.

b. Amplitude (𝑎) = |𝑎| = |1| = 1

c. To graph 𝑦 = cos 𝑥, let us consider the values of 𝑥 at [−2𝜋, 2𝜋].
• Determine the values at the Critical Points
𝜋
cos(−2𝜋) = cos(−360) = 1 cos = cos 90 = 0
2
−3𝜋
cos( 2
) = cos(−270) = 0 cos 𝜋 = cos 180 = −1

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 3𝜋
cos(−𝜋) = cos(−180) = -1 cos = cos 270 = 0
2
−𝜋
cos( 2 ) = cos(−90) = 0 cos 2𝜋 = cos 360 = 1

cos 0 = 1
The table shows the summary of the values.
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 −2𝜋 − −𝜋 − 0 𝜋 2𝜋
2 2 2 2
𝑦 1 0 -1 0 1 0 −1 0 1

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑝

3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
−2𝜋 − 3𝜋 2𝜋
− −𝜋 2 2
2 2

Amplitude (𝑎)

Graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 shows 2 cycles. One cycle is from the interval [−2𝜋, 0] and another
cycle from [0, 2𝜋]

Extra Example:
Determine the period, amplitude and graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 .
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
a. From the equation, we can identify that 𝑏 = 3, hence period 𝑝 = |𝑏| = |3| = .
3

b. Amplitude (a) = |a| = |2| = 2.

c. To graph 𝑦 = 2sin 3𝑥, let us consider the values of 𝑥 at [−2𝜋, 0].
2𝜋 𝜋
d. To determine the critical points in one cycle, divide the period by 4. We have, ÷4=
3 6

From the interval [−2𝜋, 0], there will be 3 cycles.

• Determine the values at the Critical Points
−5𝜋
2 sin 3(−2𝜋) = 2sin3(−360) = 0 2sin3( 6
) = 2sin 3(−150) = −2
−11𝜋 −2𝜋
2sin3( ) = 2sin3(−330) = 2 2sin = 2sin 3(−120) = 0
6 3
−5𝜋 𝜋
2 sin 3( 3
) = 2 sin 3(−300) = 0 2sin3( − 2 ) = 2sin 3(−90) = 2
−3𝜋 −𝜋
2 sin 3( 2
) = 2sin 3(−270) = −2 2sin 3( 3 ) = 2sin 3(−60) = 0
−4𝜋 −𝜋
2 sin 3( 3
) = 2sin 3(−240) = 0 2 sin 3( 6 ) = 2sin 3(−30) = −2
−7𝜋
2 sin 3( 6
) = 2sin 3(−210) = 2 2 sin 3(0) = 0

2 sin 3(−𝜋) = 2sin 3(−180) = 0

5
The table shows the summary of the values.
11𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 0
𝑥 −2𝜋 − − − − − −𝜋 − − − − −
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6

𝑦 0
0 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2

2𝜋
The graph below shows one cycle of the function y = 2 sin 3x from 0 to − 3
, another cycle
2𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
from − 3
to − 3
and the third cycle from − 3
𝑡𝑜 − 2𝜋.

Exercises 1: Determine the amplitude (a), period (p) and graph of the following functions.
1. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 2. 𝑦 = 2 sin 8𝑥

Example 3: Determine the period, amplitude, horizontal and vertical shifts, and sketch the
𝜋
graph of 𝑦 = cos (𝑥 − ) + 1 on the interval [0, 2𝜋]
2
2𝜋
➢ Period 𝑝 = = 2𝜋;
|1|
➢ Amplitude: (𝑎) = |1| = 1;
𝜋
➢ Horizontal Shift: 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡;
2
➢ Vertical Shift: 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
➢ To determine the critical points in one cycle, divide the period by 4. We have,
𝜋
2𝜋 ÷ 4 = 2 as one critical value after 0. To find other critical points, simply add
𝜋
increments of 2 .
• Determine the values at the critical points on the interval [0, 2𝜋]
𝜋 𝜋
cos (0 − 2 ) + 1 = cos(0 − 90) + 1 = 1 cos (𝜋 − 2 ) + 1 = cos(180 − 90) + 1 = 1
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
cos ( 2 − 2 ) + 1 = cos(90 − 90) + 1 = 2 cos ( 2 − 2 ) + 1 = cos(270 − 90) + 1 = 0

𝜋
cos (2𝜋 − ) + 1 = cos(360 − 90) + 1 = 1
2

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 The table shows the values at the critical points
𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋
2 2
𝑦 1 2 1 0 1

The graph shows one cycle on the interval [0, 2𝜋].

𝜋
Comparison of the graphs of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = cos (𝑥 − 2 ) + 1

𝜋
𝑦 = cos (𝑥 − ) + 1
2

𝑦 = cos 𝑥

𝜋
Notice in the graph of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 that it has shifted horizontally 2
to the right and then 1 unit
𝜋
upward, thus becoming the graph of 𝑦 = cos (𝑥 − )+ 1
2

Exercises 2: Determine the amplitude (a), period (p), horizontal and vertical shift of each
function.
𝜋
1. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 + 4 2. 𝑦 = 2si n (𝑥 + 2 ) + 1

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 GRAPHS OF TANGENT AND COTANGENT FUNCTIONS
𝜋
The graphs of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = cot 𝑥 have no amplitude. The period is computed using 𝑝 = |𝑏|.
Since tangent and cotangent functions are not defined in some values of x, the graph contains
asymptotes. The values of tan x and cot x increases or decreases without bound as x approach
the asymptotes.

Example 4: Sketch the graph of y = tan x at [0, 𝜋].

𝜋 𝜋
Note that the period 𝑝 = |𝑏| = |1| = 𝜋, then we determine its critical points, first by
𝜋
dividing the period by 4. We have 4 as one critical point. Other critical points are listed on the
table below. In order to graph tangent functions (as well as cotangent functions) it is useful to
construct a table of values.

𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
x 0 𝜋
4 2 4
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 0 1 undefined -1 0

The values at the critical points are:

𝜋 𝜋
tan 0 = 0 tan 4 = tan 45 = 1 tan 2 = tan 90 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
3𝜋
tan 4
= tan 135 = −1 tan 𝜋 = tan 180 = 0

The graph below (left side) shows one cycle of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 on the interval [0, 𝜋]. Since the
𝜋
function is undefined at 2 , hence the asymptote. The graph increases without bound as it
𝜋 𝜋
approaches x = 2 from the right. The graph decreases as it approaches 𝑥 = 2 from the left.
The other graph below (right side) shows the graph of y = tan x on the interval [−2𝜋, 2𝜋].

𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥

Vertical Asymptote

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Example 5: Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 at [−𝜋, 𝜋].
Since the tangent and cotangent functions are reciprocal functions, the value of cot x is
undefined when tan x = 0, and it is zero when tan x is undefined. The period of y = cot x is also
𝜋
computed using 𝑝 = |𝑏|.

−𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
x − − 𝜋
4 2 4 4 2 4
𝑦 = cot 𝑥 undefined 1 0 -1 undefined 1 0 -1 undefined

The graph here shows two cycles.

The graph below shows the cycles of y = cot x on the interval [−2𝜋, 2𝜋].

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥

3 −   3 2
2 − − 
2 2 2 2

Vertical Asymptote

Exercises 3: Determine the period of the following functions.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4(𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1 2. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 3(𝑥 + 𝜋)

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 Example 6: Given 𝑦 = 2 tan(𝑥— 𝜋) + 1
Do the following:
a.) Determine the Period
b.) Determine the horizontal and vertical shift
c.) Sketch the graph on the interval [0, 2𝜋].

Solution:
𝜋
a) Period 𝑝 = |1| = 𝜋
b) Horizontal Shift: 𝜋 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡; Vertical Shift: 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
c) To graph, we consider the critical points and summarize it on the table below.

5𝜋
2 tan(0— 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(−180) + 1 = 1 2 tan ( 4 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(45) + 1 = 3
𝜋 3𝜋
2 tan ( 4 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(−135) + 1 = 3 2 tan ( 2 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(90) + 1 = undefined
𝜋 7𝜋
2 tan ( 2 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(−90) + 1 = undefined 2 tan ( 4 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(135) + 1 = −1
3𝜋
2 tan ( 4 — 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(−45) + 1 = −1 2 tan(2𝜋— 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(180) + 1 = 1
2 tan(𝜋— 𝜋) + 1 = 2 tan(0) + 1 = 1

0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
x 2𝜋
4 2 4 4 2 4
𝑦 1 3 undefined -1 1 3 undefined -1 1

Comparing the two graphs, 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2 tan(𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1

𝑦 = 2 tan(𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1, notice that from (0,0) it

is shifted 1 unit upward and from there, it is
horizontally shifted 𝜋 units to the right.
𝑦 = tan 𝑥

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Exercises 4: Determine the period (𝑝), horizontal and vertical shifts of the following functions.
Create a table of values and sketch the graph.

1. 𝑦 = 2 tan 4(𝑥 − 𝜋) − 1 2. 𝑦 = 2 cot 2(𝑥 + 𝜋) + 1

GRAPHS OF SECANT AND COSECANT FUNCTIONS

The sine and cosecant are reciprocal functions, as are the cosine and secant functions. Use
these relationships to evaluate specific values of the cosecant and secant.

Example 7: Sketch the graph of the function y = csc 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 (0, 2𝜋) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 at (0, 2𝜋)

1
By identity we know that csc 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 , 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑥 ≠ 0. With this identity we can use
the 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 respectively to easily graph csc 𝑥. Let’s us observe the table of values to functionally
use sin 𝑥 to sketch the graph csc 𝑥. If sin x = 1 (or -1), then csc x = 1 (or -1). Furthermore, at
each x-intercept of y = sin x, y = csc x is undefined; but a vertical asymptote is formed because,
when sin x is close to 0, the value of csc x increases or decreases without bound.
2𝜋
The period is computed using 𝑝 = |𝑏|. In this case, the period is 2𝜋.

x 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
1 √3 √3 1 1 √3 √3 1
sin 𝑥 0 1 0 − − -1 − − 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2√3 2√3 2√3 2√3
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 undefined 2 1 2 undefined −2 − -1 − -2 undefined
3 3 3 3

𝑦 = csc 𝑥

𝑦 = sin 𝑥

Similarly, the cosine and secant functions are also reciprocals of each other. By
1
definition, sec 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 , 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑥 ≠ 0. Thus, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 can be obtained
through graphing y = cos x as shown in the table and graph. The period is also 2𝜋.

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 x 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
√3 1 1 √3 √3 1 1 √3
cos 𝑥 1 0 − − −1 − − 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2√3 2√3 2√3 2√3
sec 𝑥 1 2 undefined −2 − -1 − −2 undefined 2 1
3 3 3 3

𝑦 = sec 𝑥

𝑦 = cos 𝑥

Example 8: Sketch the graph of the function y = 3csc 2(𝑥 + 𝜋) 𝑎𝑡 (0, 2𝜋).
Solution:
2𝜋 2𝜋
a) Period 𝑝 = |𝑏| = |2| = 𝜋
b) Horizontal Shift: 𝜋 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡; Vertical Shift: 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒
Since the a value is three, the graph will be vertically stretched by a factor of 3.
c) To graph, we consider the critical points and summarize it on the table.

3csc 2(0 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(0 + 180) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

𝜋 5𝜋 3√2
3csc 2 ( 4 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(225) = 3 3csc 2 ( 4 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(405) = 2

𝜋 3 3𝜋 3
3csc 2 ( 2 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(270) = − 2 3csc 2 ( 2 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(450) = 2

3𝜋 3√2 7𝜋 3√2
3csc 2 ( 4 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(315) = − 2
3csc 2 ( 4 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(495) = 2

3csc 2(𝜋 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(360) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 3csc 2(2𝜋 + 𝜋) = 3csc 2(540) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

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 0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
x 2𝜋
4 2 4 4 2 4
3 3√2 undefined 3√2 3 3√2
𝑦 undefined 3 − − undefined
2 2 2 2 2

y = 3csc 2(𝑥 + 𝜋)

y = csc 𝑥

y = sin 𝑥

Since y = sin x and y = csc x are reciprocal

functions, this is how their graphs appear
if placed in one coordinate plane.
Moreover, notice that the graph of y =
csc x has been stretched vertically by a
factor of 3. It may not be obvious in the
graph but it has also been shifted 𝜋 units
to the left so, the final graph is that of

y = 3 csc 2(x + 𝜋)

Exercises 5: Sketch the graph of the following function.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2(𝑥 + 𝜋) 2. 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:trig/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:trig-
graphs/v/we-graph-domain-and-range-of-sine-function

Reflection:
Complete the following sentences:
1. The most challenging part of this learning kit was…

2. In this learning kit I learned that….

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References:
Cueno, A., Marjo-Anne, A., Cortez, M. J., & Domingo, A. J. (2016). Pre-Calculus for Senior High
School. Quizon City : C & E Publishing, Inc.

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/TrigGraphs/TGTrigVocab.html

Answer Key
Exercises 1: Exercises 1:
𝜋
1. amplitude = 3; period = 2𝜋 2. amplitude = 2; period = 4

Exercises 2: Exercises 2: Exercises 3:

1. amplitude = 3; period = 2𝜋 2. amplitude = 2; period = 2𝜋 𝜋
1. period = 4
𝜋
Horizontal shift: none Horizontal shift: 2 units to the left 𝜋
2. period =
3
Vertical shift: 4 units upward Vertical shift: 1 unit upward

Exercises 4:
𝜋
1. period = 4

Horizontal shift: 𝜋 units to the right

Vertical shift: 1 unit downward

Table of values:

0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
3𝜋
x 16 8 4
16

𝑦 -1 1 undefined −3 -1

Exercises 4:
𝜋
2. period = 2

Horizontal shift: 𝜋 units to the left

Vertical shift: 1 unit upward

Table of values:

0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
3𝜋
x 8 4 2
8

𝑦 undefined 3 1 −1 undefined

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Exercises 5: Exercises 5:

Graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2(𝑥 + 𝜋) Graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝑥 − 𝜋) + 1

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