Approval Sheet

This research entitled Analysis on the Awareness of the

Residents in Manila North Cemetery to the Benefits of Republic

Act 6846 prepared and submitted by Vincent Camaso, Jester Reyes,

Angeline Alapide, Jessa Alcazar, Jzeaska Damian, Desiree

Fajelago, Kristine Feliciano, Christine Madriaga, Clyde Inocencio

and Shawn Respicio. in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the subject APP 005: Pratical Research 1 is recommended for

oral presentation and approval.

 Acknowledgement

This research was conducted by the researchers to know if

the residents of Manila North Cemetery are aware about the

Program of the government, Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund. We are

grateful for the help of other people so that we can do this

research and the place we are working on. Thank you to our

teacher Ms.Anas for guiding us to do our research correctly. We

are very grateful to the Manila North Cemetery staff who guided

us so we can safely perform our residual interviews. Those who

have given us support to carry out this research, we want you to

know that we are sincerely thankful because you are the reason

why we have made it presentable. Last but not the least, we are

also immensely grateful to our parents that even when we go home

late because of this research they still permitted us to this

research.

Table of Contents

Preliminary Pages
Title Page
Approval Page
Acknowledgement Page
 Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
Body
Chapter I: The Problem and Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Background of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Framework of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Significance of the Study
Chapter II : Method
Research Design
Participants
Research Site
Materials and Instrument
Data Collection
Data Analysis

List of Figure

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

>Increasing number of >Informing the head of Manila Introducing the

population living in slums. North Cemetery that the Abot Kaya

researchers will conduct some Pabahay Program
>Property Shortage
surveys in the families that to the residents
>Knowledge of the residents
resides in Manila North of Manila North
Number of Number of
Not Aware Aware

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

CHAPTER I

The Problem and Review of Related Literature

Introduction
 The change in population's number as of today continues to

grow, but as the population increase, the resources of the

citizens decreases that causes a lot of problems like poverty and

property shortage. Poverty, the state of one who lacks a usual or

socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. (The

Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). Property shortage means that

a deficiency or lack in the number of houses needed to

accommodate the population of an area (Collins English

Dictionary).

Manila is the second largest city which has a population of

12.8 million as of 2015 census. Manila is also known as the

capital city of the Philippines and in terms of having more

opportunities to succeed in life. Despite of the success of this

city, the percentage of the population that lives in the squatter

areas here is around 4 million or 37 percent of the population of

metro manila according to 2006 data and an estimated 6,000 slum

dwellers from 800 families can be found in Manila North Cemetery.

(The Guardian)

The Manila North Cemetery, the oldest and largest cemetery

in city. Some might think that residents in cemetery doesn't have

some source of income but, the residents somehow look for the

things that can do to earn money and buy some supplies or

resources that need for living. Residents in Manila North

Cemetery are sleeping and living beside their love one’s tomb.

While some were caregivers of the tomb so they live there not

just for the shelter but also for their job.

The Republic Act 6846 or also known as The Abot Kaya Pabahay

fund was made because of these kind of situations. The Republic

Act 6846 offers a lot more cheaper and affordable place to stay.

For as low as 80,000 pesos, the individuals who wants to move can

already buy a new place to stay. The housing program has a

requirements if residents in cemetery would like to borrow from

the government housing program. The program has two cases that

consider for the borrowers to get a loan. The first case, the

borrower should have an income at least 4,000 pesos could have a

loan not exceeding to 80,000 pesos which payable for 5 years with

amortization period. The second case is if the borrower has a

monthly income at least 5,000 pesos they could

borrow more that 80,000 pesos but not exceeding to 100,000 pesos

and also payable for five years with amortization period.

Background of the Study

Family is one of the basic unit of a society. A family

should be living in a family friendly environment for the

children’s growing in a appropriate environment. As mandated by

the 1978 constitution of the Philippine: “ The State shall by the

law, and for the common good, undertake, in cooperation with the

private sector, a continuing program of urban land reform and

housing which will make available at affordable cost decent

housing and basic services to unprivileged and homeless citizen

in urban centers and resettlement areas. (Section 9, Article

XIII) As group of informal settlers are being solve the

government themselves are trying their best to give the people a

home which is affordable for them. They are trying to giving the

a solution not a additional problem. While Genesee country land

bank (2011) stated that “Housing in the masses in Metro Manila is

a multi-faceted challenge affected by various factors in land

availability, affordability, infrastructure issues, proximity to

jobs etc. With a housing shortage in the hundreds of thousands

and a 10-year government relocation strategy, there is

opportunity to redesign an urban housing landscape that reflects

sustainable and communal values of the masses. In the urban

planning scale, specific studies need to be performed to locate

which areas of the cities mass housing projects are most needed.

These areas are just not informal settlements but areas where

housing demand is high and continued and future informal

settlements are likely.”

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Population

Metro Manila has a population of around 11 million. Manila

ranks as the world's eleventh largest metropolitan area and the

fifth largest urban area by population. It is also ranked as one

of the most densely populated cities in the world. Manila's 2019

population is now estimated at 13,698,889 according to census

data.(Nagy, 2013)

It is widely organized that shelter is one of the basic human

needs, although the connotations of the term ‘basic shelter’ vary

with the physical, economic, political ,social and cultural

aspects of each country. Still, the essential feature of what

shelter should be is that it must provide security for one who is

housed. Most of the country’s capital cities are now confronted

with housing shortages caused by rapidly increasing urban

populations, either through natural increases or through rural-

urban migration. The urban poor who try to provide shelter for

themselves cannot afford housing in the open market, so they

settle in slums and squatter areas. These squatter settlements

are often located near 'slum dwellers’ workplaces. Housing

conditions in these settlements are viewed as substandard,

unsanitary and environmentally unhealthy. Often, the obstacle to

housing improvement is not the people’s relatively low incomes,

but the insecurity over the land they occupy. Housing in urban

areas is inadequate because of the supply system. Many actions

have been taken in solving problem of slums and squatters by the

government, such as slum clearance, resettlement schemes and slum

upgrading programs, but the result were found to be

unsatisfactory. In the case of slum clearance, once the people

were moved out, they would just move to other slums or establish
new ones in other areas, creating new problems, and in some

cases, more complicated situations.(Ahmad,1998)

Poverty

Poverty has proven to be one of the most significant

challenges facing this country and its citizens. Filipinos are

having a hard time surviving in such difficult conditions, and

more and more are falling into extreme poverty.

Asian Development Bank stated that the major causes of

poverty includes: low economic growth, a weak agricultural

sector, increased population rates and a high volume of

inequality. Because of these factors, there are a lot of effects

of poverty in the Philippines that make it difficult for people

to live in such circumstances (Robinson, 2018).

As population increases, shortages in facilities occur such

as water, housing, etc. The housing shortage, especially in large

urban centers of developing countries, has reached alarming

proportions resulting in an increase in illegal settlements in

the city. Responsible for this increased number of squatter

settlements are the city itself in terms of it's policies on

housing, the slum dwellers, and the government agencies. (Ahmad,

1998)
 It is said that poverty refers to the condition of not

having the means to afford basic human needs such as clean water,

nutrition, health care, clothing and shelter. This is also

referred to as absolute poverty or destitution. Relative poverty

is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than

others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide

averages (Casino, 2010).

Housing is one of basic human rights. No less than the

Constitution mandates the State to ensure it, especially for

“underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban centres and

resettlement areas.” (Angara, 2018). But about 4.5 million

people are homeless or living in informal settlements in the

Philippines, with its population of about 106 million, according

to the statistics office and about 3 million of them are in Metro

Manila, possibly the most in any urban area in the world,

charities estimate (Chandran,2018).

Some factors which combine to worsen the housing problem

are: low average income, prohibitive cost of land, building

materials, and construction cost due to high construction

standards and land speculation, shortage of credit for low-income

families and private and public sectors' limited success in low-

cost housing, thus, the magnitude of the housing problems has

grown into proportions that resolute and organized mass housing

development for the next decade is imperative (Five Year

Development Plan ,NEDA 1978-82) .

Thus, all the people who can't afford these expensive

things resort to informal settling. Many informal settlements are

often located in the most undesirable, infrastructure -less areas

of the city, the people who live there are most susceptible to

the effects of flooding and other natural disasters (M. Lindfield

and F. Steinberg 2005).

In metro manila many people resides on public land, by

riverbanks, and railroad tracks, some in parks, playgrounds and

cemeteries (Philippine institute for development studies,

Governance and urban development, 1999).

Informal settlers reside wherever they can find a means of

living in the city, even if not safe. Often, the working poor

will live and work on sidewalks, by dangerous roadways and train

tracks (M. Lindfield and F. Steinberg, 2005).

With widespread pockets of informal settlements having

existed for years, some for decades. It can be argued city

planners and administrators have largely ignored informal

settlers. (Philippine institute for development studies,

Governance and urban development, 1999).

 Housing in the masses in metro manila is a multi-faceted

challenge affected by various factors in land availability,

affordability, infrastructure issues, proximity to jobs etc. With

a housing shortage in the hundreds of thousands and a 10-year

government relocation strategy, there is an opportunity to

redesign an urban housing landscape that reflects sustainable and

communal values of the masses. In the urban planning scale,

specific studies need to be performed to locate which areas of

the cities mass housing projects are most needed. These areas are

just not informal settlements but areas where housing demand is

high and continued and future informal settlements are likely.

(Genesee country land bank , 2011) .

The Filipino government wants to move half a million Manila

slum dwellers back to the countryside. Yet they left for a

reason. If you have access to BBC output, I strongly recommend a

programme and article about slums, aired on radio and television

last week. You will be taken on a tour of a slum in Manila, learn

about some of the people who live there, and hear what experts

think about the future of slums. Slums are without doubt a huge

development issue. According to the programme, as many as a

billion people live in them today, a number set to double by

2050. Manila is growing by 60 people an hour, making it the

fastest growing city on the planet. In comparison, Indian cities

are growing by about 40 people an hour, while London's rate is

seven people an hour. Anyone who has worked with people living in

slums will recognise the vivacity and can-do attitude that

pervades the programme (which is not to romanticise very

difficult, dirty and often violent conditions). Their programme

offered many lessons, but I particularly heeded the one my

colleague Claire Melamed constantly highlights – the importance

of listening to poor people about what they want. It is unusual

to get such a long look at the lives of slum dwellers from their

own perspective. The main issue is the insecurity of land – they

have no right to be where they are. The Filipino government wants

to move half a million slum dwellers back to the countryside. But

there are good reasons people have left the land they have lived

on for generations to seek a better life in precarious wooden

shacks next to rubbish tips. (Gold,2014).

Slum Dwellers

Slum dwellers usually occupy land illegally and are willing

to defend their claims with their lives if need be. It is usually

observed that slums are of three types. These three types of

slums have an influence in the actual implementation of plans and

programs for slums and squatter resettlements.

The first type is the indigent group. These people are

supposed to be the low income owners, with dilapidated dwellings

located along creeks and rivers, or situated in the inner core of

the settlement. They generally comprise the majority of the

population. They come into the city to look for jobs and the

selection of the site for their residence is basically guided by

the residence's proximity to their work of sources of income.

The second type is the affluent group. This group is

arbitrary since they may range from the middle to upper income

class. They have fixed income, their houses are more or less

permanent and filled with urban amenities and their children

attend school. This group is generally located along the roads or

main passageways. Most of the affluent dwellers have other

sources of livelihood with more than one family member earning

income.

The third type is usually the professional. Although

negligible in numbers, the professional slum residents are intra-

city migrants. They are speculators and sometimes maintain two or

three houses for rent in other communities. Their usual modus

operandi includes the identification of vacant lands in certain

communities and by virtue of actual residence, claims right to

the land. The professionals are not keen in staying for a long

time unless they can be assured of a job or source of income.

(Ahmad, 1998)

Housing Program
 Last year, 2018, Sen. Leila de Lima pushed for the creation

of local housing boards (LHBs) to ensure that indigent families

have access to affordable housing and are protected from unjust

evictions and demolitions. De Lima’s proposal is contained in

Senate Bill (SB) 2092 which seeks to amend certain provisions of

Republic Act 7279, or the Urban Development and Housing Act of

1992 (UDHA).“The problem of homelessness is widespread,” the

senator said. “[People’s Planning] approach can help make the

government housing program more responsive to the needs of poor

families as it emphasizes community-initiated development plans

that are being formulated by people’s organizations

themselves.”(Ismael,2018).

By the virtue of P. D 757, the NHA was created in 1975 as a

government corporation tasked with the development and

implementation of a housing program for the poor. It took over

and integrated the functions of seven other housing agencies

dissolved by the decree (NHA, Primer, 1989)

Slum poverty in the Philippines cannot be simply addressed

by traditional poverty programs such as cash transfers. The

government needs to take regulatory actions that cut across

administrative boundaries, a study published by the Asian

Development Bank said. The ADB publication titled, The

Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the

Pacific, said that while many countries have made progress in

reducing poverty, living standards for many poor people remain a

major challenge due to the worsening environment degradation and

increasing vulnerability to climate change. The book compiled

several papers on countries in the three regions, one of which

looked into the situation of those individuals located in slum

areas in the Philippines. The paper titled, “Slum Poverty in the

Philippines: Can the Environment Agenda Drive Public Action?”

mentioned that Metro Manila is home to about two million slum

dwellers, which make up 16 percent of the city’s population in

2010. However, it said that households in slum areas are not

necessarily income poor. The report, authored by Philippine

Institute for Development Studies Senior Research Fellow Marife

Ballesteros, said that in 2010, more than 50 percent of the urban

slum population in Manila live above the poverty line and can

spend between P105.74 and P211.50 per day, but still reside in

poor environments. “The slum-dwellers who live above the poverty

line usually make minimum salaries or wages and work casually.

They continue living in the slums because there is no alternative

shelter in the city and they cannot afford the cost of travelling

from distant, less expensive, peri-urban regions for work and

income earning opportunities in urban centres,” (Gold, 2014).

In metro manila, the government can initiate land bank

strategies by working with NGOs and Community Based-Organizations

(CBOs) to purchase informal settlements that are privately owned

to initiate a pathway towards formal tenure as well as other

private lands to be set aside for relocation (Genesee country

land bank, 2011).

However, Quezon City mayor Herbert Bautista, while

addressing the problem of the city's slums, does not see building

more affordable housing as a main solution. Because apparently,

all these billions are not enough, considering Kadamay’s illegal

activities and simply because the squatting problem hasn’t been

solved. The government has also relocated thousands of poor

families living in slums, particularly those in high-risk zones,

such as along waterways in Metro Manila, but they keep coming

back or others keep taking their place. The government really

does not have enough money to relocate all squatters. It has to

spend at least P250,000 for relocating every family of squatters,

which obviously runs into tens of billions every year (Business

Mirror Editorial, 2017).

The Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS)

estimated in a 2011 study that there are some four million

Filipinos or 580,000 families living in slums, including 105,000

households that reside in disaster-prone areas. In Metro Manila

alone, 37 out of every 100 inhabitants live in a slum. Based on

casual observation alone, we seriously doubt if the government

housing program has been able to significantly cut these figures,

because there are no income opportunities elsewhere but in Metro

Manila and other cities. Most industries and investments are

concentrated in urban centers like Metro Manila, hence,

populations flock to them. Production, as our economists like to

say, is creation of utility, and where the factors of production

are—land, labor, capital—there the people will go (BusinessMirror

Editorial, 2017).

There are several squatter sites that can be found in manila

that faces the same problems and reasons. Despite of the success

of this city, the percentage of the population that lives in the

squatter areas here is around 4 million or 37 percent of the

population of Metro Manila according to 2006 data and an

estimated 6,000 slum dwellers from 800 families can be found in

Manila North Cemetery (Billing, 2016)

Manila North Cemetery

Manila north Cemetery is the resting place of a number of

Philippine presidents, revolutionaries, war veterans, and

celebrities. Three generations of my family on my mother’s side

are buried here: my great grandparents, grandfather, and various

aunts and uncles. It has been our family plot since the 1920s. My

father, who is Indian, is amused with the strange attachment

Filipinos have to their dead: In India, a body is cremated a day

after death, traditionally by the next dusk or dawn. The ashes

are then dispersed in the holy River Ganges (Bhandari, 2017).

As many as a quarter of Manila’s 12 million people are

“informal settlers.” Those in the cemetery prefer its relative

quiet and safety to the city’s dangerous shantytowns. The

resourcefulness needed to live a life of such insecurity is on

full display here.

In mausoleums, and in makeshift structures built over tombs,

families go about their days. They chat, play cards and watch

soap operas on TVs mounted near headstones or ornamental crosses.

At night, people sleep on the tombs. The thought of that may be

jarring, but for the residents it is a practical choice. And many

in this devoutly religious country see the boundary between the

living and the dead as porous. Electricity in these converted

homes is jury-rigged, and most residents don’t have running

water. At the few public wells, people line up with carts loaded

with empty water bottles, waiting to fill them up. Amid all of

this, the normal business of a cemetery goes on. On a busy day

there can be as many as 80 funerals. The cemetery is so dense

with tombs and crypts that a hearse often can’t reach its

destination. Mourners must then carry the coffin the rest of the

way, clambering over other tombs and through passageways between

mausoleums. During the day, new homes are built from modest
tombs, as workers add makeshift concrete walls and roofs of

corrugated iron, often scavenged from somewhere else. Here and

there are makeshift stores, selling snacks and basic necessities

like soap. They also sell candles, for visitors who want to pay

their respects at the grave of a loved one. Some of the stalls

have karaoke machines, which are popular in the evenings (Adam,

2017)

On All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day, Catholic feasts on

November 1 and 2, cemeteries across the Philippines come alive as

people pay their respects to departed loved ones. But for

Bernardino and her neighbours, the annual event could spell

trouble. Richard Navarra, one of the cemetery’s caretakers, said

the squatters would be asked to leave to make way for the crowds

of visitors (Lema,2007). Teenagers carry coffins for 50 Filipino

pesos—about 50 American cents. Children collect scrap metal,

plastic, and other garbage to sell. Their fathers are employed to

repair and maintain tombs while their mothers maintain the house,

which could be the family mausoleum or the mausoleum of their

employers. Rent-free shanties are wedged between or on top of

crypts. It was in the middle of thousands of shacks that were

really nothing more than cardboard, plywood and tin sewn together

with nails, chicken wire and adhesive tape covered with

galvanised steel and held in place with cement blocks, used tyres

and other heavy debris (Dancel, 2015).

 It’s heartbreaking to realise that those 4 out of 10 equal

about 4 million families (or roughly 20-25 million people), who

do not have decent housing. That’s not even considering those

affected by the dozens of typhoons that hit the country and force

many to rebuild part of their home every year (Habitat for

Humanity Great Britain).

The Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund (FUND), otherwise known as the

Social Housing Support Fund Act, was created under Republic Act

No. 6846 on January 24, 1990, in support to the National Shelter

Program (NSP) of the government to implement a continuing program

on social housing that shall make available to low income

families affordable houses and/or lots by establishing a

financial support system that shall encourage the active

participation of the private sector.

Under the said law, the Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC) is

mandated to administer the Cash Flow Guaranty component of the

FUND, while the other two components - the amortization support

and developmental financing are under the trusteeship of National

Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC).

The FUND has a budgetary appropriation amounting to P 2.5

Billion. Under R.A. No. 7835, the scope and usage of the Abot

Kaya Pabahay Fund were expanded and correspondingly, its

budgetary allocation was increased from P2.5 to P5.5 Billion.

 The operations of the Cash Flow Guaranty Program is being

handled by the Cash Flow Guaranty Department, one of the

departments under the HGC Guaranty and Credit Insurance Group,

whose personnel are hGC regular employees. The primary objective

of the Cash Flow Guaranty System is to ensure a viable and timely

cashflow on housing loans and eliminate risks to the Funding

Agencies namely the Social Security System (SSS), Government

Service Insurance System (GSIS), and Home Development Mutual Fund

(HDMF) or their accredited financial institutions that provide

financing to socialized housing projects (The HGC Charter).

Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
>Informing the head of Manila

North Cemetery that the

Introducing the
 Increasing number of
researchers will conduct
Abot Kaya Pabahay
population living in
some surveys in the families
Program to the
slums.
that resides in Manila North
residents of Manila
 Property Shortage
Cemetery.
North Cemetery
>Knowledge of the residents
> Conducting some surveys in
about Republic Act 6846
the Manila North Cemetery to

gather info.

> Analyzing the data to know

Number of Number of
Not Aware Aware

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

The researchers use the Input-Process-Output General System

Model. The Research Paradigm used in the study can be seen in

Figure 1. The input of the study include the number of population

living in the slums, property shortage, and also the knowledge of

the residents about the program. The process includes the

analysis and interpretation of the data gathered through the

survey questionnaire distributed and interviews done with the

residents living Manila North Cemetery. The outputs of the study

will be the introducing the About kaya Pabahay Program to the

residents of Manila North Cemetery.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of the study is to determine the

awareness of the awareness of the residents of Manila North

Cemetery about the benefits of Republic Act 6846.

1. Do the residents of Manila North Cemetery know that the Abot

Kaya pabahay Fund can provide one of the basic needs of the

residents at low cost?

2. How well do the respondents know about the Republic Act 6846

also known as Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund?

3. Why do the residents choose to live in the graveyard instead

of availing the Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund?

4. How many residents are aware and not aware about the Abot

Kaya Pabahay Fund? Why aren't the residents taking advantage of

the Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund after the residents learned the

program?

Hypotheses of the Study

The following are hypotheses/assumptions of this research:

Some of the residents of Manila North Cemetery are aware about

the Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund or Republic Act. 6846. Most of the

respondents are aware and wants to move to the housing program of

the Government but some of them still choose to live in Manila

North Cemetery. The respondents know the Republic Act. 6846 also

known as Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund but the respondents won’t take

advantage.
Scope & Limitation
The study was conducted at Manila North Cemetery limited

only to the residents of Manila North Cemetery. The range of the

study was from January 2019 to March 2019.

The study will be limited only to assess the awareness of

the residents of Manila North Cemetery about the benefits of the

Republic Act 6846 or also known as Abot kaya Pabahay Fund.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study contribute greatly to the

researchers, law makers, most especially to the respondents. This

study is significant because it gives knowledge about the housing

program and can give a lot of benefits not just to the

respondents but also for the program itself.

the study will help the researchers to increase the

knowledge and information known by the researchers. The study

deals with the way of living of the graveyard families and the

information about the program.

 The study will help respondents from giving knowledge about

the program that may help the respondents to have a livable

environment, it may also give an ample amount of opportunities

that are planning on leaving that kind of place but has a limited

amount of money.

this study will give law makers information on the effect of

their housing laws to further strengthen, improve and implement

it to the government.

this study will help the management of Manila North Cemetery

to lessen the families that resides in Manila North Cemetery and

to have larger place for the diseased people.

Government, this study will help the government to promote

the program and to lessen the slum dwellers.

Other Researchers, This research will serve as basis for

their future and further studies.

Definition of Terms

Analysis- detailed examination of anything complex in order to

understand it's nature or to determine it's essential features

(Merriam Webster, 1828)

Dilapidated- state of disrepair or ruin as a result of age or

neglect
Family- The basic unit in society traditionally consisting of two

parents rearing their children (Merriam Webster, 1828).

Graveyard- An area of land, sometimes near a church, where dead

people are buried (Collins dictionary, 2019).

Housing Program- is a form of housing tenure in which the

property is owned by a government authority, which may be central

or local( Wikipedia,2016)

Interview- formal consultation usually to evaluate qualifications

(Merriam Webster, 1828)

Mausoleum- building, especially a large and stately one, housing

a tomb or tombs (Wikipedia)

Republic Act 6846- an act providing for the 1989 charter of the

Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines

(Lawphil.net)

Resettlement- act of process of helping someone move to another

place to live, act of moving to another place to live (Cambrigde

Dictionary, 2017)

Slum- Highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly

of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a situation of

deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by

impoverished persons(Wikipedia,2016).
Slums dweller- A person who lives in a slum(Dictionary.com,

2019).

Tomb- large vault, typically an underground one, for burying the

dead (Wikipedia)

CHAPTER II- METHOD

Research Design

The researchers made use of mixed type of research. The

respondents are requested to answer questionnaire with full

honesty. Residents will answer the following questions by

choosing from the choices given and also by writing their own

opinions.

Qualitative research is an inquiry of understanding based an

distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a

social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex,

holistic picture analyzes words, reports detailed informants and

conducts the study in a natural setting (Cresswell, 1998).

Qualitative data consist of quotations, observations and excerpts

from documents. They capture and communicate someone else's

experience and their basic perceptions (Patton, 2002).

Furthermore, qualitative research involves the studied used and

collection of variety of empirical materials-case study, personal

experience, interpretation, life story, interview, historical,

interactional and visual texts that describe the routine and

problematic moment and meaning in an individual's life

(Cresswell, 1998).

While quantitative research involves the use of

computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to derive

result. The data collection tools for a quantitative research are

surveys and experiments. Experiments can provide specific results

regarding the cause-and-effect relationship of several

independent or interdependent factors related to a particular

problem. The most common approach to doing quantitative market

research is a survey or questionnaire. Surveys can include

interviews, which can be carried out using several different

methodologies including face-to-face, telephone, online or

computer assisted interviews (Sis International Research, 2018)

Research Site

The researchers will conduct a study in Manila North

Cemetery to know the knowledge of the residents about the

Republic Act 6846 or also known as the Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund.

The researchers want to know the number of people who are

aware about the program and the number of people who is not

aware about the program.

Materials and Instrument

The researchers designed an interview measuring the

perceptions of the respondents. The research will ask the

questions if they know about the objectives of Republic Act 6846.

The researchers will ask if they would like to take advantage of

the program. The respondents will answer honestly and will be ask

why and why not.

After asking different families the answers of each

respondent will be measured who knows the Republic Act and who
does not. Now the researchers will measure who would and would

not avail the program even they know the program.

Data Collection

The researcher applied two methods of data collection

techniques. This was done in order to collect adequate and

relevant data to address the research objectives of this study.

Nonetheless, the researcher used qualitative research method.

Interview Method

This research adopted the method of interview; The type of

interview is “Semi-structured interviews, it is conducted with a

fairly open framework which allows focused, conversational, two-

way communication. Conducting a good semi-structured interview

requires a thoughtful planning which includes: identifying

respondents, deciding on the number of interviews and preparing

the interviews. After having conducted the interview, a

comprehensive analysis is needed. The advantages of Semi-

structured interviews, allow informants the freedom to express

their views in their own terms and will provide not just answers,

but the reasons for the answers. Many researchers like to use

semi-structured interviews because questions can be prepared

ahead of time. This allows the interviewer to be prepared and

appear competent during the interview.

Survey Method

The survey is a non-experimental, descriptive research

method. Surveys can be useful when a researcher wants to collect

data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed (such as

opinions on library services).The broad area of survey research

encompasses any measurement procedures that involve asking

questions of respondents. A "survey" can be anything from a short

paper-and-pencil feedback form to an intensive one-on-one in-

depth interview. Many research problems require systematic

collection of data from population through the use of personal

interviews or other data gathering devices. Data are usually

collected through the use of questionnaires, although sometimes

researchers directly interview subjects. Surveys can use

qualitative (e.g. ask open-ended questions) or quantitative (e.g.

use forced-choice questions) measures. Many researchers like to

use the survey method because it can help to examine and

ascertain or investigate the opinions or experiences of people by

asking them questions.

 Data Analysis

The interview were made by the researchers at the beginning

and at the end of the study to find out the numbers of the

residents that are aware and not aware in the Republic Act 6846

or also known as the Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund. The interviews were

recorded and is written to analyze after the research was made.

The recorded data from each interviewee in the form of sentences

were transformed into findings by identifying ,coding , and

categorizing by the researcher and another researcher who carries

out quantitative studies in the field and is familiar with

content analysis.