3. BIR WHE diytké hanyii pinyin Lesson 1 Introduction to Chinese Phonetics Chinese phonetics is made up of syllables. Each syllable is represented by a character which carries certain meaning. In 1958, the National People’s Assembly approved the transliteration of Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet. The system of transliteration is called Hanyu Pinyin. A Chinese syllable is determined by three elements: a. initials (shéng) (consonants) b. finals (yin) (vowels) c. tones Initials simple initials: palatal initials: retroflex initials: sibilant initials:LESSON 1 — INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE PHONETICS 5. Finals 6. Tones ang en iao iang ing iong u ua uo uang ueng tian Mandarin is a tonal language. Hence, the tone characterises the whole syllable. a. There are four tones in Mandarin: 5 4 3 2 1 : tone-graph First tone: high pitch 7 Second tone: mid-high pitch a Third tone: middle pitch a Ba Fourth tone: mid-low pitch b. A difference in tone indicates a difference in meaning. e.g: xié xié xié xié te HE 5 itt (some) (shoe) (write) (thank) c. There is also a neutral tone which is pronounced short and soft and goes without any tone-graph in writing. e.g.: the second syllable in ‘mama” d. The tone-graph should be placed above the main vowel. eg: f8 Zao yueAR HS If a tone-graph is placed above the final “i”, the dot over “i must be dropped. eg: ri ming The third tone changes to the second when followed by another third tone syllable. e.g. “ni hao” ({®4F) is pronounced “nf hao” but the syllable “ni” is still marked in the third tone. 7. Syllables a. A syllable could be a combination of * Finalsalone. eg: doM, ou IK = initial and final. e.g: lu6 #\ qidn && While spelling the syllables for retroflex initials and sibilant initials, the final “i” is used. e.g.: zhi , chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si When the group u finals all occur by themselves, i.e. without initial, they are written with a “w” initial eg: o > wi Hi (five) uw > wd #& (me) win — wan ® (bend) When the group i finals all occur by themselves, i.e. without initial, they are written with a “y” initial. eg: T —> yi & (dress) ig = ya 3 (duck) ing — ying 4 (hard) When the group ii finals stand for a separate syllable, they are written in the following way: eg: il —> yi (fish) tian — yudén fl (circle) in — yin 4 (faint)LESSON 1 — INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE PHONETICS f. When the group ii finals combine with “j”, “q”, “x”, the two dots on the top can be omitted. However, while the group ti finals are preceded by initials “I'and “n”, the two dots on the top remain. e.g. + j q x 1 n te tt cece Lliddd ji qu xt li nil i (stay) & (go) t& (gently) #% (green) & (female)Ax: 45] — lianxd yi Exercise 1 A — WiaHE BB_150 HME OE. -i — qing jia shang si shéng, di yi di Read the following syllables with four tones each a o eer ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong b ba bai bei bao ban ben bang beng P pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng m ma mo mai mei mao mou man mang meng f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng d da de dai dei. dao dou dan dang deng dong t ta te tai tao tan tang teng tong n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong lla Ie lai lei lao lou lan lang eng long g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong j 4 x z za ze zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong © ca ce cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong s sa se sai sao sou san sen sang seng song zh zha zhe ~—zhai _zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong ch cha che— chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong sh sha she — shai shei shao show shan shen shang sheng vr re rao rou ran ren rang reng rong a o eer ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ongLESSON 1 — INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE PHONETICS i ia iao ie iow ian in iang ing _iong b bi biao bie bian bin bing Pp pi piao pie pian’ pin ping mo mi miao mie miu mian min ming f adi diao die diu dian ding t ti tiao tie tian ting noni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning 1 li lia liao lie dw lian lin liang ling 8 k h j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong aq qi gia giao qie qiu qian qin qiang ging _qiong x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian’ xin xiang xing _xiong 2 4 ec ci s si zh zhi ch chi sh shi vr ti yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yongu ua uo uai uei RV — WH wan uen wang ueng ii jie iian iin b bu p pu m mu f fu d du duo dui duan dun tou tuo tui tuan tun n nu nuo nuan ni nite 1 luo juan lun li lie @ gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang 7 k ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang a h hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang i ju jue juan jun q qu que quan qun x xu xue xuan xun zm Zuo zui zuan = zun © cu cuo cui cuan cun s su suo sui suan sun zh zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang roru rua ruo tui ruan run wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun A1 2. 3. 4, BIR WHR diérké hanzi de rénshi Lesson 2 Introduction to Chinese Characters The Chinese characters have been the main symbols for writing in China for over three thousand years. Scripts inscribed on tortoise shells and oracle bones discovered in today’s Henan Province at the end of the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-A.D.1911), were used during the Shang Dynasty (1500B.C.-1030B.C.) in divination rites. The Chinese characters are also called “ square characters” as their shapes are square. e.g.: #2. FA. BE. The Chinese characters are not alphabetic. They are logographic. There are four main categories in the structure of Chinese characters: a. Pictograph (#2): the character looks like the object itself. eg: lly A. A b. Ideograph (#8 3#): the character represents an abstract concept. eg: =. £. i c. Picto-phonetic compound (ff%#*): the character is formed with two parts, the shape and the sound, suggesting its meaning and pronunciation respectively. e.g.: 13. Hl. @ d. Compound ideograph (2 #): the character is a combination of two or more pictographs. e.g.: FA. fa. 85. 6. 7. 8. | i ¢ HOR — MFM Bach word in the Chinese language is represented by a unique character, consisting of several strokes. There are eight basic strokes in Chinese characters: fk dot . i horizontal & vertical | fit left falling J : - 4 right falling v 48 risin; a 4) hook | 7 $f turning Fa moans ep Stroke Order Roles | Hamp [Stroke onder a. |The horizontal before the + —+ vertical 4:3 = b, |The left falling before the right falling 46##U5 c. |From top to bottom SA_L 2 F d.[Fromlefttorigh WS | mM |) J II e. |From outside to inside A ) AAR FIVE [Inside precedes the sealing 4 | NAG stroke 46234 BHO g. |Middle precedes the two sides ay JA” JP fal 5 Pas > ~ > m Some Chinese characters are single-component. e.g.: 4. -F. Most Chinese characters, however, are made up of two or 9LESSON 2 — INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CHARACTERS 2 more components ( multi-component characters). e.g : Hh. 1, 9. The arrangement of components for multi-component characters a.]One component is on top of the others E Fst | e.g. &{—] a = & b.|Components are side by side 4 473 2 -|One component is enclosed in the other [N4bst 7 e.g. lima g 10. In a multi-component character, usually one of the components indicated a certain meaning. Component that can be thus combined is called “side” of characters. All sides originated as single-component characters. eg: “kK” in “Wa” oR in “fa It is important to know the “side” if one wants to write and memorize character or to consult a Chinese dictionary. 11. Many dialects of Chinese language exist, each very different when spoken. The written laguage is however, the same everywhere. 12. Today, about 50,000 Chinese characters exist, of which about 5,000 are commonly used.BIR WEMAR J — lidnxi er Exercise 2 BMH: RH __ 150 1 BESS, RAMA AOETA (125) jidng xia lid de zi guiléi, ranhou tidn rd shidang de gézi néi Categorize the following words into the appropriate column | 2. HME AMEA SB (8 7) xié chi hanzi de ba zhong jibén bihua Write down the 8 basic strokes in Chinese character a. b. te e. f. g h. a 3. HELL FAR (22 4) jiang yixia de zi guiléi Categorize the following words llLESSON 2 — INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CHARACTERS. SERUM: + a Sea: b. APP: c. S9MBA: d SBLRHO e AEBIF: o.oo. See f. MARIA: . . 7 4. BME MMS 3 5) quan chi zhéngqué de da’an Circle the correct answer a. b. SARS: fF. H. O. m aS: B.A. ia. BT 5. M—-B, —H#AILE SD) shit yi shi, yi gong you ji bi Count the number of strokes Bl: a. b. Ho Reese f. kK Paes ay e__ Ne Mice i ®__ BABS jee etFak REWS disin kw shi Ali Lesson 3 [am Ali ABR xuéxf zhongdiain Focus of learning RRA jiating chéngyudn Family members @@ baba father 4333 mama mother Ff H **gege —elder brother $A WA WYisjie elder sister didi younger brother jk GR © maimei younger sister ARA rénchéng daici Personal pronouns I, me you he she we you (all) theyLESSON 3 — | AM ALI Rai zhishi daici Demonstrative pronouns ix zhé this (nearer) AB na that (farther) RX (-) kéwén (yi) Text I a KAMA. RERNEE. WE aa HS. wo shi All. zhé shi w6 de baba. nd shi w6 de mama. Tam Ali. This is my father. That is my mother. lelake cemnpean b. (ODE es HE RAYE Te HLL ta shi wé de gége, ta shi w6 de jigjie. He is my elder brother. She is my elder sister. c. RUERT BAY FA 5. ABER BAYER Se zhé shi Ali de didi. na shi Ali de méimei. This is Ali’s younger brother. That is Ali’s younger sister. 14RER—RAMB d. /|ii 22 BOS HA ZZ 0 Xidoli shi w6 de péngydu. : Cy Xiao Li is my friend. | Baba = | —) rama = shi wo de —_—_ . al We ui, yi gg —— | shéngef duainyii pling ee } New words/phrases a chi WT de pengyou shi is, are, was, were fi péngyéu friend wo de my, mine eee) nide your, yours a ; tade his mw'er Carak perempe I tide her & 2 Camak lelak ) 1 3 women de our, ours | nimen de your, yours 4 ar their, theirs uated zhang FU / xith sheng AX (=) isteri kéwén (ér) rai tai / 4) Zi i text IT nenek i *6 = dahik | png gongLesson 3— | AM ALI REMB. RERKWESE. WN. BAF. MM. RAHM. HAT ABE BAY RA tamen dou shi wo de jiarén. I am Ali. These are my father, mother, elder brother, elder sister, younger brother and younger sister. They are my family members. IE shéngei duadnyii New words / phrases fi de an auxiliary word which performs the grammatical structure ashe and #8 = dou all) RA jiarén family members 9% 5] = lianxi sin Exercise 3 AM: RB _150 1. GRAF ATG (10 3) di chi xialié de cfyti Read the following words BH bReR AW HN ee KR tf th 2. BAP PUA A HEE (10 49) xié chi xialié cfyii de pinyin Write down the transliteration of the following words 16 eaeBee xié chii xialié duanyti de yisi a BB f. b. AK B c. HH h. a 8 i. ec. Bf j. . BY BURGE EB (8 5) th K & aR Pa —- RAMS Write down the meaning of the following phrases Bl: RHEE a, HAY REAL b. HRA c. PAS dc. BOAT BF ec. RATT ES aR £ NHS RAK AY ELE, zm 17 my fatherLesson 3— | AM AU 4. BRIE (6 5) kantd tidnchong Fill in the blanks according to the picture 5. BARRY (5 4) tihuan lianxi Substitution drills WF: KERHEE.HER RAMS } 6. ABMF (U5) ot xfxié hanzi Learn to write the Chinese characters é ba& é AOR FR | £ disiké wénhdu . Lesson 4 Greeting ' . £ _— SER xuéxi zhongdian i Focus of learning - AYIA] shijian = Time ! EEE eee eee i HE — zdoshing morning I pe zhongwit noon — tetgshari ; FF xiawit afternoon #9 | WE — wanshang night a [RIF wénhouyi Greeting bang wan a ‘LER zdoshanghio —_good morning , # ing ohén 4E4F — zhongwit hio — | Cap aa PERF xidwi fio good afternoon | WEF, winshdng hio good evening HR — zho’an good morning | FR wi’an good afternoon fevning | We2 = wan’an good night > torang Cramary) +d 4 KR dajiahio on aperietlt How are you? eit nin hao aa eH ET do you do? | {XE ni hao 20OR — FR WX (-) kewén (yi) Text I BAR: Bi, BE. yh: FoR, Bee. Mam: ldoshi, zAoshang hao. laoshi: Mamd, zdoshang hao. Mahmud: Good morning, teacher. Teacher: Good morning, Mahmud. BR: HH, AIL. HH: BA, BR. Mamé: gége, zaijian. gége: Mamo, zaijian. Mahmud: Goodbye, brother. Brother: Goodbye, Mahmud. GA: HAM, FEA. RAM: BR, PPE. Mam: jiéjie, xidwii hao. jidjie: Mamé, xidwit ho. Mahmud: Good afternoon, sister. Sister: Good afternoon, Mahmud.m= jigp / belum ? WoO = say Me ee og = Aho . 7 of : at ee onthe wo pu minpai = saya tak BR: 8, ML. SE: GR, MEE. Mamé: baba, wanshang hao. baba: Mamé, wanshang hao. Mahmud: Good evening, dad. Father: Good evening, Mahmud. GAR: We, ee. P55: TR, RK. Mamé: mama, wan’an. mama: Mamo, wan’an. Mahmud: Good night, mum. Mother: Good night, Mahmud. AN. Mkt TR URE. Xidoli, ni hao. Xiaoli: Mamé, ni hao. Mahmud: How do you do? Xiao Li. Xiao Li: How do you do? Mahmud. ia oIB shéngei duanyi New words/phrases Nh = laosht teacher I — téngxué classmate HR zaijian goodbye 22FOR — [a RX (=) WO chi dio le = saya telambat kéwén (ér) a Text I ay Bu J ae xidni sé i ok porate 2 BA NA, HEARS, UehFOy? . Iii: RABE. (6? w . bl «Se “Ga / ee BR RAAB. a eta aee Asai s WRATH? BR: KR, RA. sii s Ue GRIN 2 TAR: MAT ABIDE Kum Mamd: Xidol}, hi ji a MES ma ? Xidoli: wi sR ae ni ne? Mambd: wo Jt hén hao. Xidoli : nf mang ma ? Mama: hdi hio, w6 bii méng. Xidoll : ni baba, mama ho ma? Mamd: tamgn dou hn hdo. Merck & E~talling: Mahmud: Xiao Li, we have not met for quite sometime. How are you? Xiao Li: I'm fine. How about you? Mahmud: I’m fine too. Xiao li: Are you busy? Mahmud: Not quite, I’m not busy. Xiao Li: How are your father and your mother? Mahmud: They are fine. = kan AE in GTB shéngei duanyit New words/phrases T io good, very KR jit, long time coh yé alsa @~tolling B hai still AR ba not, no im mang busy 23Lesson 4 — GREETING TERE zhishi Notes 1. SRR SURE. BRE” © most useful-greeting. e can be used with anyone on any occasion. 2. “KR” « is used to greet two or more people at the same time. 3, 4 sage « “£8” is the polite form of calling “you” (‘“f/K”)’ - 4. RRR RR, BERR ER” « =“ &"can be replaced by “512”; “FB FHF” can be replaced by “472”. 5. There is no equivalence for “"P 4 #f” in English.” 6. The response for “V8” is also “KF”. However, the response for “A RF052” is “EARL ”. 7 MRR “ARI” © We greet people by saying “Hf: 4” when we meet them in the evening or at night. © We say “i 2” when we are leaving at night. 24APR — aR #5) 0 lianxi si Exercise 4 HH: RH: __150 1. SETAE (7 oP) tién shang zhéngqué de hanytt pinyin Choose the correct transliteration for the following phrases. zaijian laoshi nin hao wan’an dajia hio téngxué men z&oshang hao a AA e AL b 2uF f. WAR ce KRG gs BR d. Ah 2. APR EWS (6 5) wéi xialié cfyii bio shang diaohao Mark the following transliteration with the correct tone-graph. a. thik — meimei d. HF ni hao b. && baba e & nin c. LE zaoshang f. FF xiawu 3, BEFE (8 5P) tidnchong Fill in the blanks. PUB: ND, AFAR, v4 Asis BABE. ef MH: R_ (RAF. 25LESSON 4 — GREETING ARIE : PRAENS 2 fH: ___s A: REE HF HG? CEE EEE ep eee eres fay 4. XY He A ey FER 5) huaxian ba ta hé jazi lidn gildi Link the pictures to the appropriate greetings 26 PY, wae. Rl @é, Wi.5. MRA (11 3) tihuan lianxi Substitution drills i, ii. ao rR mo 27 SR — FRLESSON 4 — GREETING 6. B—-F (84) da yida What is the appropriate response? a. JN: Pref. Mei: b. Aim: UR RFRE? meu: c. iii: KR. my: d. NT: FEIL. PLU e. /NM: WER. Pau : fo Aah: HAL 03? Li:2 | rs gessdsssietnsasiinesst g. AM: NS ERA? PAL s ° h. AM: NEE. HIGHS? Pas 7. F—Pl (8 9) wen yi wén What is the appropriate question? a. ON Pe > PE. 28ANA: MeL : ANTE OU: . NBA: MeL: NA PAL: AN BH: Pel : . ANE: Meu: “Nail = HOR AR aE. BURST. Ea. RR. Ruth RIT.ER LOE di wit ke, limao yongyit Lesson 5 Social Expression FIER xuéxi zhongdian Focus of learning SARE duibigi” sorry RA méiguanxi never mind Bit xiéxie thank you HEAD biékéqiss don’t mention it Gamo) it qing would you please (sil) RX (—) kéwén (yi) Text I AAG: WAR. IMs FRR Mada: dutbagi. Xidoméi: méiguanxi. Muthu: I am sorry. Xiao Mei: Never mind. 30