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Answer The Questions On The Last Part of PDF Answer The Following Questions and Explain or Do What Is Asked

The document provides explanations and examples of key research concepts such as target population versus accessible population, random sampling techniques including simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster random sampling. It also discusses how findings can be generalized from samples to populations, factors in determining an appropriate sample size, and sources of data for different research approaches such as experimental research, action research, and research and development.

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Sririzkii Wahyuni
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39 views3 pages

Answer The Questions On The Last Part of PDF Answer The Following Questions and Explain or Do What Is Asked

The document provides explanations and examples of key research concepts such as target population versus accessible population, random sampling techniques including simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster random sampling. It also discusses how findings can be generalized from samples to populations, factors in determining an appropriate sample size, and sources of data for different research approaches such as experimental research, action research, and research and development.

Uploaded by

Sririzkii Wahyuni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answer the questions on the last part of pdf

Answer the following questions and explain or do what is asked

1. What is the difference between target population and accessible population?


Answer:
a. Target population is usually too large to reach, so the researchers usually limit the
sources of the data into the accessible population, the sources of data that the
researchers have access to get the data from
b. Accessible population is still practically too big to get the measures from every
member. So, due the factors of expense, time and accessibility it is not always
possible or practical to obtain measures from an accessible population.

2. What does representative sample mean?


Answer: the sample that shows similarities with the accessible population

3. What does random sampling mean?


Answer: that the population is heterogeneous varying in many ways each of which has
the right to represent the group, so random sampling is believed to accommodate the
representation from each variation of the group.

4. How can the finding from a sample be generalized into accessible population? From
accessible population into target population?
Answer:
1. If the sample is drawn randomly from the accessible population and so the
knowledge gained from the sample can be safely generalized into the accessible
population. The evidence of the unbiased sample has to be provided to ensure that
the process of sampling affords all members of the accessible population an equal
chance of being selected.
2. If the accessible population is representative of (has similarities with) the target
population. The evidence that shows the degree of similarity between accessible
population and the target population and the target is called population validity.

5. Explain the following random sampling techniques?


a. Simple random sampling
Answer: in simple random sampling technique, the sample is directly drawn
randomly from the population. In this technique, each member of the population is
given equal chance of being selected to become the members of the sample.
The simple random sampling technique is the best technique in assuring the
representativeness of the sample from the accessible population.

b. Systemic random sampling


Answer: it involves selecting from a population list in a systematic rather than a
random fashion. It is often dine when all members of the population are named
master list. From that list names are chosen systematically.
The systematic random sampling technique involves a simple procedure of three
steps:
1. Divide the accessible population (e..g.1000) by the number (e.g. 100) decided for
the sample (e.g. 100:100=10)
2. Select at random a number smaller than the number arrived at by the division
(e.g.<10)
3. Starting from that number (e.g.8) select every 10th name from the list of the
accessible population (8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, etc. until 100 names are selected
for the sample.

c. Stratified random sampling


Answer: used when the researchers want to ensure that subgroups within the
population need to be represented proportionally in the sample.
This stratified random sampling technique involves a procedure of dividing the
population into homogeneous groups, each group containing subjects with similar
characteristics (Cohen, L., Manion, L. 1994:88, Borg,W.R& Gall, M.D.1989:224).
If the homogeneous groups are determined by sex and IQ level, then the steps to be
taken for this procedure are as follows.
1. Define in what way the accessible population varies, e,g. in terms of sex and IQ
levels.
2. Identify the sub groups based on the variation of sex and IQ level
3. Examine the proportion of each sub group in the accessible population
4. Take samples randomly for each sub group proportionally.

d. Clustered random sampling


Answer: when the population is large and widely diapered, gathering a simple
random sample poses administrative problems. Instead of traveling around a city to
test all high school students about their English achievement, we can select
randomly a specific number of schools and test all the students in those selected
schools (Cohen, L., Manion, L. 1994:88).
Cluster sampling technique involves the random selection of groups that already
exists.

e. Staged random sampling


Answer: in research involving a large number of population cluster sampling may
take several stages.
The process of taking 5 staged-cluster sampling above represents the examples of
multi-stage cluster sampling

6. What is the right size of sample?


Answer: the sample size becomes significant when the researchers become confident
that if he should draw a different sample of the same size and using the same procedure
he would obtain approximately the same results in his research.

7. How does a qualitative researcher choose the sources of data?


Answer: in qualitative data research, the sources of data are assumed to be
homogeneous. This means that there is only one kind of the sources, so there is no need
to think of representativeness to be obtained using random sampling.

8. When is non-random sample used?


Answer: in classroom action research and research & Development, for example,
sampling is not necessary.

9. What is the source of data for experimental research?


Answer: the researcher focuses more on the implementation of a new instructional
strategy or a new educational product by comparing its results with another group of
equal level.
10. What is the source of data for Action Research?
Answer: the sources of data are the students whose class is having problems to be
solved through the research.

11. What is the source of data for Educational Research & Development?
Answer: a researcher tries to develop an educational classroom product to be tried out
in certain classrooms which are going to use the products.

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