1

Catholic Junior College

JC1 Mid-Year Examinations
Higher 2

CHEMISTRY 9729
Section B Structured Questions Monday 1 July 2019

1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials: Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For Examiner’s Use
Write your name and class on all the work you hand in.
Section A
Write in dark blue or black pen. 15
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough Q1 /5
working.
Q2 /5
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Q3 /10

Q4 /9
Answer all questions. Section B
Q5 /5
The use of an approved scientific calculation is expected, where
appropriate. Q6 /6

40

At the end of examination, fasten all your work securely together.

Section C
20
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.
TOTAL
75

OVERALL/%

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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1 The diagram below shows a sketch of the logarithm of successive ionisation energies against the
number of electrons for element A, which is a key ingredient in the manufacture of chemical
fertilisers.

lg ionisation energies

No. of electrons removed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(a) Given that element A is in Period 2, identify A. Explain your answer.

……….…………………………………………………………………….…………………...…....

………….…………………………………….………………………………………….…….…….

………….……………………………………………………………….……………….…………..

……….………………………………………………………………………………………...….. [2]

(b) Write an equation for the first ionisation energy of element A.

……….………………………………………………………………………………………....….[1]

(c) Element X has one more proton than element A.

With the aid of full electronic configurations of both elements, explain why the first ionisation
energy of element X is lower than element A.

………….……………………………………………………………………………….…………....

………….……………………………………………………………………………….…………....

………….……………………………………………………………………………….…………....

……….………………………………………………………………………………………...….[2]

[Total: 5]

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2 (a) Define the term relative atomic mass.

…….……………………………………..………………………………………………...…....……

….…………….……………………………………………………………………………..…..… [1]

(b) A sample of silicon contains 28Si, 29Si and 30Si isotopes. The relative abundances of the
28
Si and 29Si isotopes are 92.1% and 4.8% respectively.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample of silicon.

[1]

(c) 20.0 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon was burnt in 220 cm3 of oxygen. The total volume of
the gaseous mixture decreased by 80.0 cm3 after complete combustion. After passing the
gaseous mixture through aqueous sodium hydroxide, the volume of the reaction mixture
further decreased to 60.0 cm3.

Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.

(All volumes of gases were measured at 30 oC and same pressure.)

[3]
[Total: 5]

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3 (a) Alcohol by volume, commonly abbreviated as abv, is a standard measure of the ethanol
content contained in alcoholic beverages. A can of beer with abv of 5 % means that there
is 5 cm3 of ethanol per 100 cm3 of beer. The density of ethanol in these beverages can be
taken to be 0.789 g cm–3.
A student found an old bottle of vodka in storage and decided to investigate its alcohol
content using volumetric analysis. 10.0 cm3 of vodka was transferred to a volumetric flask
and made up to a volume of 250.0 cm3 with distilled water. 25.0 cm3 portions of the diluted
vodka solution was heated and titrated with 0.0200 mol dm–3 of acidified potassium
manganate (VII) solution.
During the reaction, ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is oxidised to ethanoic acid, CH3CO2H while
manganate (VII) ions, MnO4–, is reduced as shown in the following half-equation.

MnO4– + 8H+ + 5eˉ Mn2+ + 4H2O

(i) Write the half-equation for the oxidation of ethanol, CH3CH2OH to ethanoic acid,
CH3CO2H.

……………………………………..……………………………………………………..…[1]

(ii) Using the two half-equations, construct a balanced equation for the redox reaction
between ethanol, CH3CH2OH and manganate (VII) ions, MnO4–.

……………………………………..…………………………………………………..…… [1]

(iii) State the colour change at the end-point of this titration.

……………………………………..…………………………………………………..…… [1]

The results of the titration are as shown below.

Titration number 1 2 3

Initial burette reading / cm3 0.00 5.00 0.00

Final burette reading / cm3 37.45 42.70 37.55

Volume of KMnO4 used / cm3

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(iv) Complete the table and use the relevant results to calculate the amount of ethanol,
CH3CH2OH, in 25.0 cm3 of the diluted vodka solution.

[2]
(v) Calculate the mass and hence, volume of ethanol in 10.0 cm3 of the original vodka in
the old bottle.

[2]
(vi) Determine the abv of the bottle of vodka.

[1]

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(b) First row transition metals are able to use 3d and 4s electrons in bonding as the electrons
are similar in energy level. In manganate (VII) ions, Mn is considered as an element with
7 valence electrons and forms covalent bonds with O atoms.
Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in MnO4–. State the shape and bond
angle by considering the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the
central atom.

[2]
[Total: 10]

4 Nearly all petrol and diesel vehicles have some kind of catalytic converter fitted to the exhaust
to reduce the amount of polluting substances emitted into the atmosphere.
For diesel engines, the catalytic converter may also include a particle filter to remove solid
particles of carbon. The diagram shows one design of a catalytic converter fitted with a diesel
particle filter.

(a) The walls of the particle filter are made from silicon carbide, SiC. This is a hard solid that
will not melt at the high temperature of the exhaust.

Suggest how the structure and bonding in silicon carbide makes it resistant to melting, even
at high temperatures.

………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..........

………..………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….......[2]

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(b) (i) The catalytic converter helps to remove pollutants from the exhaust. An example of a
toxic pollutant is carbon monoxide, CO, which reacts with other pollutants in the air to
form harmful ground level ozone.

The structure of carbon monoxide is shown below:

The molecule of carbon monoxide contains both σ (sigma) and π (pi) bonds. Draw
labelled diagrams to show how orbitals overlap to form a

 σ (sigma) bond

 π (pi) bond

[2]

(ii) In the converter, carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide, CO2, in the
following reaction:
1
CO + O2 CO2
2

The boiling point of CO is –191.5 oC while the boiling point of CO2 is –57 °C.

With reference to all relevant intermolecular forces of attractions present for both CO
and CO2, explain why this is so.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

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(c) Ethanol fuel is commonly used to replace petrol and diesel fuel as it costs lower and causes
less pollution. Ethanol is a volatile, colourless liquid that has a slight odour. It is also highly
soluble in water.

The structure of ethanol is shown below:

Draw a clearly labelled diagram to show the interaction between ethanol and water.

[2]
[Total: 9]

5 A gas that obeys the ideal gas equation completely under all conditions is said to be an ideal gas.
However, under certain conditions, real gases exhibit non-ideal behaviours and deviations from
ideality occurs.

(a) Under what conditions of temperature and pressure do gases behave most ideally?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(b) The plots of pV/RT against p for one mole of an ideal gas and one mole of methane, CH 4,
at 300K is shown below.

Show, on the same axes, how one mole of ammonia, NH3, would behave under the
temperature of 300K and 100K respectively. Label your graphs clearly. [2]

pV/RT
CH4 at 300K

Ideal gas

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(c) Liquefaction of gases is a process to convert a gas into liquid state through cooling or
application of pressure. Gases like carbon dioxide can be liquefied at room temperature
just by applying high pressure. However, an ideal gas cannot be liquefied using this method.

Explain why the application of pressure cause the carbon dioxide gas to liquefy but not for
an ideal gas.

…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..….[2]

[Total: 5]

6 (a) Table salt is made up mostly of sodium chloride. It is widely used in cooking and food
preservation.
The standard enthalpy change of solution of sodium chloride, NaCl, is +3.90 kJ mol‒1.
(i) Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
Calculate the temperature change that would take place when a teaspoon
(5.70 g) of sodium chloride is dissolved in a plastic cup containing 20 cm3 of water.

[2]
(ii) Suggest why the actual temperature change would be less than the above calculated
value.

……………………………………..………………………………………………………..[1]

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(b) The standard entropy change of solution of sodium chloride is +42.6 J K‒1 mol‒1.
(i) Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of solution, ΔGosol, of sodium chloride.

[1]
(ii) By considering the Gibbs Free Energy expression, deduce how the solubility of
sodium chloride would change with increasing temperature.

….…………………………………………………………………………...…………............

….…………………………………………………………………………...…………............

….…………………………………………………………………………...…………............

….…………………………………………………………………………...…………........[2]

[Total: 6]

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