MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Tel Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) ; (032) 254 9967 (Cebu)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Refresher MODULE 38 – Geotechnical Engineering & Hydraulics

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
SITUATION. 11. One of the following is NOT characteristic of cohesive soils:
A clay has the following Atterberg limits: A. Loses part of its shear strength upon disturbance
Liquid limit = 65% B. Practically permeable
Plastic limit = 40% C. Possesses low shear strength
From a hydrometer analysis to determine the particle sizes, it is found that 45% D. Plastic and compressible
of the sample consists of particles smaller than 0.002 mm. From this
information, 12. Soil with compressive stress resulting from capillary forces of around 10 to
100 kPa.
1. Describe the soil based on its plastic index. A. Gravel B. Sand C. Silt D. Clay
A. Non-Plastic C. High Plasticity
B. Medium Plasticity D. Very High Plasticity 13. A soil with relative density of 50% may be described as:
A. Loose C. Dense
2. Determine the activity classification of clay. B. Medium D. Very Dense
A. active B. inactive C. normal D. undefined
SITUATION.
SITUATION. A contractor needs 300 m3 of aggregate base for a highway construction project.
Laboratory test on a soil sample yielded the following results: It will be compacted to a dry unit weight of 19.8 kN/m3. This material is available
Liquid limit = 54% in a stockpile at a local material supply yard at a water content of 7%, but is sold
Plastic limit = 25% by the metric ton and not by cubic meters.
Natural moisture content = 29%
% finer than 0.002 mm = 18% 14. How many tons of aggregate should the contractor purchase?
A. 412 B. 721 C. 527 D. 648
3. Determine the activity number of the soil.
A. 1.6 B. 1.1 C. 0.8 D. 0.5 15. A few weeks later, an intense rainstorm increased the water content of the
stockpile to 15%. If the contractor orders the same quantity for an identical
4. Determine the liquidity index. section of the highway, how many cubic meters of compacted aggregate
A. 0.07 B. 0.14 C. 0.21 D. 0.28 base will he produce?
A. 279 B. 217 C. 114 D. 388
5. Determine the consistency of the given soil.
A. stiff C. medium to soft SITUATION.
B. soft D. very soft A soil to be used in the construction of an embankment is obtained by hydraulic
dredging of a nearby canal. The embankment is to be placed at a dry density of
SITUATION. 1.72 t/m3 and will have a finished volume of 20,000 m3. The in situ saturated
From the given table of consistency index and an unconfined compressive density of the soil at the bottom of the canal is 1.64 t/m3. The effluent from the
strength of the soil. dredging operation, having a density of 1.43 t/m3, is pumped to the embankment
site at the rate of 600 L per minute. The specific gravity of the soil grains is 2.70.
6. Determine the unconfined compressive strength of a stiff soil having a
consistency of 85. 16. How many operational hours would be required to dredge sufficient soil
A. 100 B. 140 C. 200 D. 240 for the embankment?
A. 1000 B. 1200 C. 1400 D. 1600
7. Determine the consistency of a soft soil having a cohesion of 20 kPa.
A. 40 B. 20 C. 80 D. 60 17. What would be the volume of the excavation at the bottom of the canal?
A. 28840 B. 33840 C. 38840 D. 42840
8. Find the shear strength of a stiff soil at a depth of 8 m. if the soil has a
consistency of 80%. Assume angle of internal friction of the soil to be 18. The vertical stress, 𝜎𝑣 in a soil at any depth below the surface can be
32°and its unit weight is 18 kN/m3. estimated as a function of the soil unit weight, 𝛾 by the equation,
A. 120 B. 150 C. 180 D. 210 𝑑(𝜎𝑣 ) = 𝛾 𝑑𝑧

9. A blow count N = 5 was obtained at a certain depth of a clayey soil deposit.

From the table hereby attached, estimate the unconfined compression
strength of the clay deposit.
PROPERTIES OF COHESIVE SOILS
Very Very
Compactness Soft Medium Stiff Hard
Soft Stiff
Unconfined
25 to 50 to 100 to 200 to If a particular stratum has a function 𝛾 = 15 + 0.014𝜎𝑣 , where 𝛾 is in
Compression 0 to 25
50 100 200 400 kN/m³ and 𝜎𝑣 is in kPa, find the vertical stress at a depth of 25 meters
Strength (kPa)
below the surface.
Standard
A. 419 B. 429 C. 449 D. 469
Penetration
8 to 16 to
Resistance, N 0 to 2 2 to 4 4 to 8
16 32
blows per 305
mm
Unit weight
17.3 to
(kN/m³) moist 15.7 to 18.8 18.8 to 22 > 20.4
20.4
condition

A. 70.0 B. 75.0 C. 62.5 D. 60.0

10. Soil having standard penetration resistance (N-Value) of 10-30.

A. Very Loose B. Medium C. Dense D. Very Dense
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Tel Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) ; (032) 254 9967 (Cebu)
E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com

Refresher MODULE 38 – Geotechnical Engineering & Hydraulics

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS

19. Determine the pressure in pascals at a point 10 m below the free surface 30. An 85-cm cubical box is tied to the roof of a car. Estimate the additional
in a fluid that has a variable density in kilograms per cubic meter given by horsepower needed to travel at 75 km/h. Use: CD = 1.1, and 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 1.2
 = 450 + ah, in which a = 12 kg/m4 and h is the distance in meter kg/m³.
measured from the free surface. A. 5.58 B. 5.68 C. 5.78 D. 5.88
A. 30030 B. 30050 C. 40040 D. 50030
31. How many 32-m diameter parachutes (CD = 1.2) should be attached to a
20. For the value of the atmospheric pressure at sea level used in engineering 100-kN load to ensure a terminal speed of 10 m/s, if air pressure and
practice, evaluate about how high, in meters, is the atmosphere above the temperature are 100 kPa and 10°C?
sea level? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
A. 9500 B. 7500 C. 8500 D. 10,000
32. A sphere of radius 5 x 10 to the negative two cm and density of 1.1 g/cc
21. A mercury barometer at the Gulf of Albay reads 760 mm. At the same time, falls at a constant velocity through a liquid of density 1.0 g/cc and viscosity
another barometer at the top of Mt. Mayon reads 538 mm. Assuming the of 1.00 poise. What is the velocity of the falling sphere in cm/s?
unit weight of air to be constant at 12 N/m³, evaluate the approximate height A. 0.744 B. 0.0544 C. 0.4 D. 1.53
of Mt. Mayon in meters from these barometric readings.
A. 3000 B. 2000 C. 2500 D. 1500 SITUATION. A hydroelectric plant shown has a difference in elevation from head
water to tail water of H = 50 m and a flow Q = 5 m³/s of water through the turbine.
22. An iceberg has a specific weight of 9000 N/m3 in ocean water, which has The turbine shaft rotates at 180 rpm, and the torque in the shaft is measured to
a specific weight of 10000 N/m3. Above the water surface, it was observed be T = 1.16 × 105 N ∙ m. Output of the generator is 2100 kW.
that a volume of 2800 m3 of the iceberg protruded. Determine the volume
(in m³) of the iceberg below the free surface of the ocean.
A. 15000 B. 23000 C. 25000 D. 35000

23. A concrete cube 0.60 m on an edge, weighing 23.5 kN/m³ is placed at the
bottom of the tank in which seawater (sp.gr. = 1.03) stands 5m deep. The
bottom edges are sealed off so that no water is admitted under the block.
Evaluate the vertical pull required to lift the block in kN.
A. 24.35 kN B. 21.08 kN C. 2.89 kN D. 5.08 kN

24. A ship with vertical sides near the water line, weighs 40MN including its
cargo and has a draft of 6.7 meters in seawater (s.g.=1.026). Unloading
2MN of its cargo, the draft decreases to 6.4 m. With its cargo reduced, the
ship enters a harbor of freshwater. Evaluate the depth of the ship in
freshwater in meters.

33. Determine the reversible power for the system, in kW.

A. 2452.5 B. 2355.0 C. 2405.5 D. 2525.0

34. Determine the irreversible power or losses in the system, in kW.

A. 292.5 B. 312.5 C. 332.5 D. 352.5
A. 6.518 B. 6.548 C. 6.598 D. 6.628
35. The efficiency of the turbine.
A. 85.7% B. 87.3% C. 89.2% D. 91.5%
25. A cubical float 1.20 m on a side, weighs 182 kg and is anchored by means
of a concrete block which weighs 682 kg in air. When the chain connected 36. The efficiency of the generator.
to the concrete is taut, 22.5 cm of the float are submerged. What rise in the A. 98% B. 96% C. 94% D. 92%
water level will lift the concrete off the bottom? Concrete weighs 2400
kg/m³.
A. 14 cm B. 16 cm C. 18 cm D. 20 cm

26. A cylinder of cork is floating upright in a container partially filled with water.
A vacuum is applied to the container such that the air within the vessel is
partially removed. The cork will:
A. Rise somewhat in the water C. Remain stationary
B. Sink somewhat in the water D. Turnover on its side

SITUATION.
A circular vessel 2 m. in diameter and 6 m. high is filled with liquids A, B and C.
Liquids A, B and C has specific gravities 1.6, 1.1 and 0.8 respectively. All liquids
have heights of 2.0 m each. At the bottom of the vessel is a 0.01 m2 standard
orifice. C = 0.60.
27. Find the time to remove liquid A out of the container.
A. 110 B. 130 C. 150 D. 170

28. Find the time to remove liquid A and B out of the container.
A. 284 B. 314 C. 334 D. 354

29. Find the time to empty the container, in mins.

A. 7.3 B. 8.3 C. 9.3 D. 10.3