VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Lecture Manual — Volume 1 ESXi 5.1 and vCenter Server 5.1 111312 VMware® Education Services vmware’ VMware, Inc. www.vmware.com/educationVMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage ESXi 5.1 and vCenter Server 5.1 Part Number EDU-EN-ICMS51-LECT1 Lecture Manual - Volume 1 Revision A Copyright/Trademark Copyright © 2012 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This manual and its accompanying materials are protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. ‘VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http:/wmmw. vmware. com/go/ patents, VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies The training material is provided “as is,” and all express or implied conditions, representations, and warranties, including any implied warranty of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose or noninfringement, are disclaimed, even if VMware, Inc., has been advised of the possibility of such claims. This training material is designed to support an instructor-led training course and is intended to be used for reference purposes in conjunction with the instructor-led training course. The training material is not a standalone training tool. Use of the training material for self-study without class attendance is not recommended. These materials and the computer programs to which it relates are the property of, and embody trade secrets and confidential information proprietary to, VMware, Inc., and may not be reproduced, copied, disclosed, transferred, adapted or modified without the express written approval of VMware, Inc. Course development: John Tuffin, Steve Schwarze, Jerry Ozbun Technical review: John Krueger Technical editing: PJ Schemenaur Production and publishing: Ron Morton, Regina Aboud www.vmware.com/educationTABLE OF CONTENTS MODULE 1 Course Introduction Importance. Leamer Objectives. . You Are Here . Typographical Conventions. What Is vSphere Enterprise? VMware Certification ‘VMware Online Resources . : vSphere Product Documentation. . .. MODULE 2 Introduction to Virtualization You Are Here Importance. . Module Lessons. .... Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization Learner Objectives. Different vSphere Editions Physical Infrastructure. . Virtual Infrastructure....... Physical and Virtual Architecture vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter ‘Why Use Virtual Machines? . Resource Sharing. ..............605 CPU Virtualization . : Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage Physical and Virtual Networking Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS . Encapsulation ..0...0......006.. File-System Layouts ....... How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing. . ‘What Is a Private Cloud?. What Is a Public Cloud? What Is a Hybrid Cloud?...... Review of Leamer Objectives. . Lesson 2: vSphere User Interfaces Leamer Objectives. User Interfaces. . Downloading vSphere Client Using the vSphere Client. . vSphere Client: Configuration Tab Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration . Viewing ESXi System Logs . Viewing Licensed Features VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage SRSRBSSSSLSRLBSvSphere Web Client....... ve ceeeeeetev este eees 46 vSphere Web Client Architecture ........... 47 ‘Sphere Web Client Plug-in Packages 248 vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator. . 49 Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt, cece 50 Labl........ cee cee 52 Review of Leamer Objectives 53 Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi. 54 Learner Objectives fees 55 VMware ESXi... : cee 5B ESXi Architecture . 87 Configuring ESXi ...... 59 Configuring ESXi: root Access 60 Configuring ESXi: Management Network 61 Configuring ESXi: Other Settings. 62 ESXi as an NTP Client 63 Network Settings: DNS and Routing 64 Remote Access Settings: Security Profile 65 ESXi User Account Best Prac feo ve 66 Lab2...... veces 67 Review of Leamer Objectives 68 Key Points 69 MODULE 3 Creating Virtual Machines os — m1 You Are Here . . eee eens 72 Importance. . 73 Module Lessons. 74 Lesson 1: Virtual Machine Concepts ceeeees 75 Learner Objectives. ee feces 76 What Is a Virtual Machine?, ......00..0.... 7 Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine 78 Displaying a Virtual Machine's Files 80 Using the Storage Views Tab to Display Files ........... 81 Virtual Machine Hardware ............. 82 CPU and Memory 84 Virtual Disk .. 85 Virtual Network Interface Card. a 86 Other Devices ee 88 Virtual Machine Console... 90 Review of Leamer Objectives 9 Lesson 2: Creating a Virtual Machine. fe oe) Leamer Objectives. . a ppcebeseas 93 Provisioning a Virtual Machine... eee 94 ii VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageMODULE 4 Contents Create New Virtual Machine Wizard Choosing the Typical Configuration Storage Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning Choosing the Custom Configuration Raw Device Mapping Installing the Guest Operating System VMware Tools : Virtual Appliances. bocce eee Deploying an OVF ‘Template on Lab3 Review of Leamer Objectives. Koy, Poanse eee eee VMware vCenter Server You Are Here Importance Module Lessons....... 000000005 Lesson 1: vCenter Server Architecture . Learner Objectives. ‘Center Server: Management Platform vCenter Architecture ESXi and vCenter Server Communication . Center Server Components .. . Additional vCenter Server Modules Default vCenter Server Plug-Ins vCenter Single Sign On. Single Sign-On Server. . Single Sign On: Components Installed . About Identity Sources Adding Identity Sources Inventory Object: Tagging Review of Leamer Objectives. ... Lesson 2: Managing vCenter Server Inventory Leamer Objectives. Datacenter Object Organizing Inventory Objects into Folders... . Navigating the vSphere Client. . vCenter Server Views: Hosts and Clusters, VMs, and Templates: vCenter Server Views: Datastores and Networks Adding a Host to the vCenter Server Inventory vCenter License Overview vCenter Server Events. vCenter Server System Logs 95 98 99 100 = 101 102 103 104 105 106 - 107 109 110 cet 12 113 14 118 116 17 18 119 120 122 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 134 = 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140MODULE 5 MODULE 6 Lab4.. eee Review of Leamer Objectives. Key Points Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks. You Are Here . cee Importance Module Lessons. Lesson 1: Introduction to vNetwork Standard Switches Leamer Objectives What Isa Virtual Network? What Is a Types of Virtual Switch Connections Virtual Switch Connection Examples ‘Types of Virtual Switches : Standard Virtual Switch Components Default Standard Virtual Switch Configuration Standard Virtual Switch Ports. . Network Adapter Prope VLANs Physical Network Considerations Lab 5 Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 2: Configuring Standard Virtual Switch Policies Leamer Objectives : Network Policies...... Security Policy. Traffic-Shaping Policy Configuring Traffic Shaping, NIC Teaming Policy : Load-Balancing Method: Originating Virtual Port ID Load-Balancing Method: Source MAC Hash Load-Balancing Method: IP-Hash Detecting and Handling Network Failure... Review of Learner Objectives Key Points Configuring and Managing Virtual Storage You Are Here . cee Importance. Module Lessons. Lesson 1: Storage Concepts. . Leamer Objectives Storage Overview tual Switch? ... 141 142 143 145 146 147 148 149 - 150 = 151 152 153 2 154 = 155 156 187 158 2159 = 160 161 162 163 164 = 165 166 168 169 170 7 172 173 174 176 W7 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 ‘VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageContents Storage Protocol Overview Datastore . . VMES-5, NFS Storage Device Naming Conventions Viewing Storage Maps Physical Storage Considerations . . Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 2: Configuring iSCSI Storage Leamer Objectives. iSCSI Components iSCSI Addressing iSCSI Initiators Configuring Software iSCSI ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage. iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods iSCSI Security: CHAP Configuring Hardware iSCSI Multipathing with iSCSI Storage Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 3: Configuring NAS/NFS Storage ....... Leamer Objectives. ....... - NFS Components. E Addressing and Access Control with NFS . Configuring an NFS Datastore Viewing IP Storage Information ‘Unmounting or Deleting an NFS Datastore Multipathing and NFS Storage Lab 6 Lab7 Review of Learner Objectives. cece Lesson 4: Fibre Channel SAN Storage . Leamer Objectives. ..... Using Fibre Channel with ESXi Fibre Channel SAN Components Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control. . Accessing Fibre Channel Storage .......... Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information FCoE Adapters Configuring Software FCoE: Create a VMkemel Port Configuring Software FCoE: Activate the Software FCoE Adapter. Multipathing with Fibre Channel . Multipathing with Software FCoE. - 187 189 190 192 193 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 204 205 208 207 209 2it 212 213 214 215 216 217 219 220 221 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238MODULE 7 vi Review of Leamer Objectives. Lesson 5: VMFS Datastores Leamer Objectives. Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi. Creating a VMFS Datastore Viewing VMFS Datastores Browsing Datastore Contents Managing Overcommitted Datastores. Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore : Comparing Methods for Increasing VMFS Datastore Size Before Increasing the Size of 2 VMFS Datastore Deleting/Unmounting a VMES Datastore........ 0.0.0.0 Multipathing Algorithms. Managing Multiple Storage Paths Configuring Storage Load Balancing Lab 8 Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 6: VSA. Learner Objectives. What Is VSA? VSA Benefits. Features of VSA Central Management of VSA . VSA Architecture VSA Cluster Requirements VSA Cluster Configuration Requirements VSA Manager VSA Cluster with Two ESXi 5.1 Hosts VSA Cluster with Three ESXi 5.1 Hosts VSA Resilience Differences Between VSA Clusters and SANs Review of Leamer Objectives Key Points . Virtual Machine Management You Are Here Importance. . Module Lessons. Lesson 1: Creating Templates and Clones Leamer Objectives. Using a Template. . Creating a Template Viewing Templates .. 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 248 247 248 250 251 253 254 255 256 287 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 267 = 269 ami 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 ‘VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageContents Deploying a Virtual Machine from Template... Updating a Template. Cloning a Virtual Machine Customizing the Guest Operating System. cere Deploying Virtual Machines Across Datacenters. . Lab9 we Review of Leamer Objectives. . Lesson 2: Modifying Virtual Machines. Learner Objectives. Modifying Virtual Machine Settings. Hot-Pluggable Devices... ..-.20e00cscvceeeeee Creating an RDM Dynamically Increasing a Virtual Disk’s Size Inflating a Thin-Provisioned Disk............02...5 Virtual Machine Options Options: VMware Tools «0... ...0e000cveveeeeeee Advanced: Boot Options Lab 10 Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 3: Migrating Virtual Machines Leamer Objectives. . Migrating Virtual Machines Comparison of Migration Types . VMotion Migration How vMotion Migration Works Virtual Machine Requirements for vMotion Migrat Host Requirements for vMotion Migration. CPU Constraints on vMotion Migration Hiding or Exposing NX/XD cites Identifying CPU Characteristics Verifying vMotion Layout: Virtual Machine Map . Checking vMotion Errors . Storage vMotion Storage vMotion in Action bpopa Storage vMotion Parallel Disk Migrations ........ Storage vMotion Guidelines and Limit Enhanced vMotion.........6.60222202 Enhanced vMotion and the vSphere Client. Enhanced vMotion Considerations rr wee Review of Leamer Objectives. Lesson 4: Creating Virtual Machine Snapshots . Learner Objectives. 286 287 - 288 289 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 299 300 . 301 302 303 -304 -305 - 306 307 308 309 31 2312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 - 321 323 325 326 327 -328 329 330 -- 331 332 333 viiVirtual Machine Snapshots Virtual Machine Snapshot Files . Taking a Snapshot Managing Snapshots ............. Deleting a Virtual Machine Snapshot (1) Deleting a Virtual Machine Snapshot (2) Deleting a Virtual Machine Snapshot (3) Deleting All Virtual Machine Snapshots. Snapshot Consolidation Discovering When to Consolidate Performing Snapshot Consolidation Removing a Virtual Machine... Lab 12 cece Review of Leamer Objectives Lesson 5: Creating a vApp and Removing a Virtual Machine Learner Objectives. Managing Virtual Machines with aVApp......200000.000++ vApp Characteristics . Lab 13 Review of Leamer Objectives Key Points «334 335 . 337 339 340 341 342. 343, 344 345, 346 347 348 349 360 351 352 353 365 366 - 357 VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageMODULE 1 Course Introduction Slide 1-1 Module 1 9 2 a 8 z g VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage a s 8 VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage 1Importance Slide 1-2 This course equips administrators with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to build and run a VMware vSphere® environment. It focuses on the installation and configuration of VMware vSphere® ESXi hosts and VMware® vCenter Server _. It also focuses on the management of ESXi hosts and virtual machines with vCenter Server. This course helps prepare IT professionals to achieve the status of \VMware® Certified Professional on vSphere 5 (VCP§5). 2 ‘VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageLearner Objectives Slide 1-3 After this course, you should be able to do the following: ® Configure and manage ESXi networking and storage. ™ Create, configure, migrate, manage, and monitor virtual machines and virtual appliances. ™ Manage user access to the virtual infrastructure. ® Use vCenter Server to monitor resource usage. Scale the vSphere virtual infrastructure. Plan business continuity solutions. Manage changes to the vSphere environment. Use a command-line interface to manage vSphere. Install and configure ESXi and vCenter Server. Module 1 Course Introduction, ° $ 2 a 8 2 3 2 g s gsYou Are Here Slide 1-4 4 VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageTypographical Conventions Slide 1-5, ' , ' Aarne 9 The following typographical conventions are used in this course: 2 6 Monospace Filenames, folder names, path a names, command names: & the bin directory 8 8 Monospace bold What the user types: a ‘Type ipconfig and press Enter. Boldface Graphical user interface items: the Configuration tab Italic Book titles and emphasis: vSphere Datacenter Administration Guide Placeholder Module 1 Course IntroductionWhat Is vSphere Enterprise? Slide 1-6 tng eto rs pecans VMware vSphere® Enterprise ad as aed ab Ge Ges Edition is an infrastructure hyporviacr =>: ESxi host —>| Fibre * c Fthemet ) (Channel bet Bi \ ‘ be iscsi NFS network Fibre Channel storage storage storage Virtualization enables you to run more workloads on a single server by consolidating the environment so that your applications run on virtual machines. Converting to a virtualized datacenter reduces the required datacenter square footage, rack space, power, cooling, cabling, storage and network components by reducing the sheer number of physical machines. ‘The reduction of physical machines can be realized by converting physical machines to virtual machines and consolidating the converted machines onto a single host. Using virtualization technology also changes the way servers are provisioned. You do not need to wait for the hardware to be procured or cabling to be installed. Virtual machine provisioning is performed using an intuitive graphical user interface. In contrast to the long process of deploying, physical servers, deploying virtual machines can be deployed in a matter of minutes. Module 2 Introduction to Virtualization 19 Zz 8 2 2 8 g 3 s 3 5 5 5Physical and Virtual Architecture Slide 2-10 physical architecture virtual architecture application \ operating system x86 architecture x86 architecture Cy May a, > Oy ay ay, Virtualization provides a solution to many of the problems that are faced by IT staff. Virtualization is a technology that decouples physical hardware from a computer operating system. Virtualization allows you to consolidate and run multiple workloads as virtual machines on a single computer. A virtual machine is a computer that is created by software that, like a physical computer, runs an operating system and applications. Each virtual machine contains its own virtual hardware, including a virtual CPU, memory, hard disk, and network interface card, which look like physical hardware to the operating systems and applications. The graphics shown in the slide illustrate the differences between a virtualized and a nonvirtualized host. In traditional architectures, the operating system interacts directly with the installed hardware. It schedules processes to run, allocates memory to applications, sends and receives data on network interfaces and reads from and writes to attached storage devices. In comparison, a virtualized host interacts with installed hardware through a thin layer of software called the virtualization layer or hypervisor. The hypervisor provides physical hardware resources dynamically to virtual machines as needed to support the operation of the virtual machines. The hypervisor allows virtual machines to operate with a degree of independence from the underlying physical hardware. For example, a virtual machine can be moved from one physical host to another. Also, its virtual disks can be ‘moved from one type of storage to another without affecting the functioning of the virtual machine. 20 VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManagevSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter Slide 2-11 The Software Defined Datacenter Pooled Networking and Security, Balad es cctte cilaiacans The software defined datacenter is considered to be the foundation of cloud computing. The software defined datacenter deploys virtual datacenters with isolated computing, storage, networking and security resources faster than the traditional hardware based datacenter. Sphere is critical to the success of the software defined datacenter because it provides the hardware and networking abstraction and resource pooling necessary for the datacenter to deploy. Module 2 Introduction to Virtualization 24 2 3 g 2 2 8 S s 2 5 8 8Why Use Virtual Machines? Slide 2-12 Physical machine Difficult to relocate: Moves require downtime * Specific to physical Hardware Difficult to manage: * Requires physical maintenance "Hardware failures cause downtime Hardware has limitations: "Hardware changes limit application support * Servers are physically individual Virtual machine Easy to relocate: = Encapsulated into files ™ Independent of physical hardware Easy to manage: ™ Isolated from other virtual machines: * Insulated from hardware changes Provides the ability to support legacy applications Allows servers to be consolidated Ina physical machine, the operating system (Windows, UNIX, Linux, and so on) is installed directly on the hardware. The operating system requires specific device drivers to support specific hardware. If the computer is upgraded with new hardware, new device drivers are required. In cases where applications interface directly with hardware drivers an upgrade to the hardware, rivers, or both can have significant repercussions if incompatibilities exist. This puts the onus of testing hardware upgrades against a wide variety of application suites and operating systems on the hands-on technical support personnel. Virtualizing these systems saves on this cost because virtual machines are 100 percent software. The virtual machine is a set of files. A virtual machine uses standardized virtual device drivers. The hardware can be upgraded without change to the virtual machine. 22 VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, ManageMuttiple virtual machines are isolated from one another. You can have a database server and an email server running on the same physical computer. The isolation between the virtual machines ‘means that software-dependency conflicts are not a problem. Even a user with system administrator privileges on a virtual machine’s guest operating system cannot breach this layer of isolation to access another virtual machine without privileges explicitly granted by the VMware ESXi™ system administrator. As a result of virtual machine isolation, if {guest operating system running in a virtual machine fails, other virtual machines on the same host continue to run, The guest operating system failure has no effect on: + The ability of users to access the other virtual machines + The ability of the operational virtual machines to access the resources that they need + The performance of the other virtual machines Virtual machines allow you to consolidate your physical servers and make more efficient use of your hardware, Because a virtual machine is a set of files, features not available or not as efficient on physical architectures are now available to you. For example: + Rapid and consistent provisioning + Disaster recovery and business continuity options. With virtual machines you can use live migration, fault tolerance, high availability, improve disaster recovery scenarios and so on that increase uptime and reduce recovery time in the event of failures + Multitenancy enables the ability to mix virtual machines into specialized configurations such as aDMZ. + Security options available that are not in the physical infrastructure such as using VMware® vShield™ products to secure your perimeter and provide endpoint solutions. With virtual machines, you can support legacy applications and operating systems on newer hardware when maintenance contracts on the existing hardware expire. Module 2 Introduction to Virtualization 23 z é a 3 g 3g s 3 2 2 8 3 8Resource Sharing Slide 2-13 vSphere x86 A key concept to understanding virtualization is the notion that physical resources are shared, Virtualization lets you run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine, with each virtual ‘machine sharing the resources of that one physical computer across multiple environments. Virtual machines share access to CPUs and are scheduled to run by the hypervisor. In addition, virtual machines are assigned their own region of memory to use and share access to the physical network cards and disk controllers. Different virtual machines can run different operating systems and applications on the same physical computer. When multiple virtual machines run on an ESXi host, each virtual machine is allocated a portion of the physical resources. The hypervisor schedules virtual machines, much like a traditional operating system allocates memory for and schedules applications to run on various CPUs. Virtual machines, like applications, use network and disk bandwidth. However, virtual machines are managed with elaborate control mechanisms to manage how much access is available for each virtual machine. With the default resource allocation settings, all virtual machines associated with the same ESXi host receive an equal share of available resources. 24 ‘VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage