Cone Weight (.3 - 15 .

oz)
When properly weighted, the rocket's nose section will actually pull the rest of
the rocket behind it. However, too much weight will slow its performance, just
as too little weight will cause the rocket to spin around its center of gravity.
Valid cone weight ranges are .3 - 15 ounces.

Body Weight (.8 - 15 .oz)

Water (0 to 64 .oz)
Pressure (1 - 140 psi)
To make your rocket fly you could simply pressurize and launch it much like a
balloon filled with air. However, to improve your rocket's performance, try
adding varying amounts of water and air pressure. Remember, your rocket is
an action/reaction machine. The greater the mass of water you push in one
direction, the greater the push will be on the rocket. But remember, your
space is limited to 2-liters. If you use too much of this space for water, you
won't have enough space for the air to push it out. Valid amounts of water
are between 0 - 64 ounces. Valid amounts of air are between 1 to 140 p.s.i.

Water Rockets

Activity: Bottle Rockets and Propulsion

(Before you begin, print out a worksheet to use as you complete the activity.)

Objective:

During the completion of this activity, you will demonstrate science processing skills,
an ability to use technological design, and an ability to identify factors that affect
motion and forces.

Background Information:

Bottle rockets are excellent devices for investigating "Newton's Three Laws of
Motion":

1st Law - A rocket will remain on the launch pad until an unbalanced force is exerted,
propelling the rocket upward.

2nd Law - The amount of force depends upon how much air is pumped inside the
rocket. You can increase the force further by adding a small amount of water, which
increases the mass expelled by the air pressure in the rocket .

3rd Law - Finally, the action force of the air (and water) as it rushes out of the nozzle
creates an equal and opposite reaction force propelling the rocket upward.

As with a balloon, air pressurizes the bottle rocket. Adding a small amount of water to
the bottle increases the action force. The water expels from the bottle before the air
does, turning the bottle rocket into a bigger version of a water rocket toy (available in
toy stores).

Extension Activity: In order to learn more about model rockets and how they work,
follow these links to information on Flight of a Bottle Rocket, Rocket
Aerodynamics, and Forces on a Rocket.

Instructions:

1. You will work in teams to construct two water bottle rockets with empty 2-liter
soda bottles. You and your team members must decide (1) on the design you
will use as a result of experimenting with the simulators and (2) on the
materials you will use for the body, fins, and cone of the rocket (which is
placed over the empty 2-liter soda bottle before launch). You will then predict
how well your rocket will fly and record your prediction on the worksheet. You
may want to customize your rockets by decorating them in some way. An
example is shown below:

2. One bottle rocket launcher is needed for the class. While one team launches
their rocket, another team can assist them by tracking the rocket, determining
how high it flew, and recording the information on a worksheet. (Follow this
link to learn how to measure the altitude reached by your rockets: Model
Rockets, Measured Altitude.) Then compare your prediction with the
 rocket's actual performance and compare the flight of your rocket with other
rockets. Your final assignment will be a journal entry via email giving details on
your design, the comparisons you made, and your conclusions on the reasons
for the rockets' performances.
3. You must follow the safety rules launching bottle rockets. Countdowns help
everybody to know when the rocket will lift off. Using the launch safety
instructions shown below, develop specific launch safety rules through group
discussions. In the rules, include how far back observers should stand, how
many people should prepare the rocket for launch, and who should retrieve the
rocket.

Rubrics:

Use the rubrics shown below as a guide when completing the activity.

Rubric for constructing the bottle rocket and recording observations

  Yes No
Team carries out assignment criteria 3 points 0 points
Team performs testing safely 1 point 0 points
Records observations and findings are correct 3 points 0 points
Team demonstrates proper science process skills 3 points 0 points
Participates in class discussions 5 points 0 points
Team kept on task 5 points 0 points
Bottle rockets fins aligned properly 3 points 0 points
Nose cone straight on rocket 3 points 0 points
Team contributes ideas to the class 4 points 0 points
 

Rubric for email writing (Worksheet Question 13)

  Yes No
Carries out assignment criteria 3 points 0 points
Records observations and findings are correct 3 points 0 points
Demonstrates proper science process skills 3 points 0 points
Spelling, grammar, and punctuation correct 3 points 0 points

Alternative Recommended Assessments:

1. Evaluate each bottle rocket on its quality of construction. Observe how well the
fins align and attach to the bottle. Also observe the alignment of the nose cone
at the top of the rocket.

2. Evaluate the design and quality of construction of each bottle rocket by