Physical Education 3 INDIVIDUAL AND The first known literary reference to an athletic

DUAL SPORTS competition is preserved in the ancient Greek

text, the lliad, by Horner. While by no means
this the beginning of physical activity. It marks
It's Values to the Development and Adjustment an important point in the study the history of
of the Individual physical education other cultures that existed
before the Greeks including the ancient Chinese.
Indian and Egyptian civilization had traditions
Modem Physical Education activities based on
of physical education and activity, but the Greek
the natural education of the primitive times.
influence argued to be the most fundamental to
Even the more recert activities, when analyzed,
how the discipline is viewed today. The ancient
are found to be developed from natural
Greek tradition of the Olympic Games which
activities. In most educational systems, physical
originated in the early 8th century BC, even
education, also called physical training or gym,
continues today. The Father of Modem Physical
though each with a very different connotation is
Education that know of today was Friedrich
a course in the curriculum which utilizes
Ludwig Jahn. Although Jahn with highly
learning in the cognitive, affective, and
political within Germany, his contributions to
psychomotor domains in a play or movement
physical education mostly in gymnastics as a
exploration setting. The term physical education
discipline are still seen today.
is commonly used in this way however this
denotes rather that they participated in the
subject are not studied What is Physical Education?

Physical Education is the interdisciplinary study

Physical education has existed since the earliest of all areas of science relating to the

stages of humanity, in areas as simple as the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to

transmission of knowledge of basic survival an individual or a group. The application of

skills, such as hunting. However, the real history these skills and their results.

of physical education is in the changing

methodologies used to transmit physical skills
Physical Education is an important segment of
and, to lesser extent. the varying intentions of
general education which aims to contribute to
the educator.
the total development of the best through
participation in selected activities. It provides
opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are
essential to his physical, mental, social, and skills on recreational activities such as bowling:
emotional development. table tennis, badminton, frack and field events,
and to foster love of country, mga laro ng lahi"
It can also be viewed as a program of activities
are likewise, given.
in a school curriculum that involves sports,
games, dance, gymnastics, and recreational Physical Education 4: Team Sports It
activities. Great emphasis is placed on motors emphasizes the acquisition of the fundamentals
skills, fitness, health, recreation and safety. It is of common teams’ sports such as volleyball,
the vital and integral part of general education basketball, baseball/softball.
designed to promote the optimum development
of the individual physically, socially,
emotionally, and mentally through total Phases of Physical Education
movement in the performance of properly 1. Swimming
selected physical activities. a) freestyle
b) backstroke
c) breast stroke
Physical Education in College
d) butterfly stroke
The services Physical Education refers to the 2. Dances
four subjects given to the freshmen and a) folk dance-national dance and
sophomores in the first four semesters of their local dance
college work as stipulated in the DECS Order b) Tribal dance
No.58, series of 1990. c) ritual dance
d) ethnic dance
e) ballroom dance/social dance-
Physical Education 1: Physical Fitness and Sell standard and latin
Testing Activities It covers the essentials of f) modem dance
physical fitness components and self-testing g) jazz
activities. h) ballet

Physical Education 2: Rhythmic Activities If 3. Self-testing Activities

focused on the rhythm, fundamental rhythmic a) stunts

activities, and dance mixers, local and foreign b) tumbling

dances, as well as social dances. c) pyramid building

4. Gymnastics
Physical Education 3: Individual and Dual
Sports/ Games It deals with the acquisition of
 a) rhythmic gymnastics-ribbon,
wands, hoops, balls
7. Team Sports
b) artistic gymnastics-pornmel
a) Basketball
horse, balance bearn, vaulting
b) Volleyball
box, horizontal bar, rings
c) Baseball
5. Games
d) Softball
a) laro ng lahi-tumbang preso,
e) Soccer
kadang- kadang, luksong
f) Beach volley
baka. luksong tinik
g) Sepak takraw
b) indigenous game-scrabble,
h) Rugby
game of the general, chess
8. Combative Sports
c) parlor games - trip to
a) wrestling
Jerusalem, newspaper dance,
b) taekwondo
egg relay,
c) boxing
6. Individual and Dual Sports
d) karate
Individual sports 9. Recreational Activities
a) Dancing
a) track and field (running event, jumping
b) Cooking
event, throwing event)
c) Singing
b) swimming
d) Gardening
c) cycling
e) Collections
d) gymnastics
f) Outing
e) equestrian
f) archery
g) bowling
SPORTS
h) weightlifting
i) diving LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PROGRAM
Dual sports
Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution mandates
a) lawn tennis
the state to give priority to education, science
b) table tennis
and technology, arts, culture and sports.
c) badminton
d) fencing
e) chess
Specifically, Section 19. Article XIV of the 1987
Constitution provides the legal basis for physical
SPORTS DEFINED
development:
Etymologically, the team spot comes from the
Old French desport meaning leisure. American
(1) The state shall promote physical education English uses the term sports to refer to his
and encourage sports programs, leagues general type of recreational activity, whereas
competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, other regional dialects use the singular sport.
and excellence for the development of a healthy The Persian word for sport is based on the roof
and alert citizenry. bord, meaning winning. The Chinese term for
sport, tiyu connotes physical training.

(2) All educational institutions shall undertake

regular sports activities throughout the country As defined in Wikipedia Dictionary, sport is an
in cooperation with the athletic and other organized, competitive. entertaining, and skillful
sectors. activity requiring commitment, strategy, and fair
play, in which the winner can be defined by
objective means. It is governed by a set of rules
PLAY - is the general term for activities, which or customs. Yahoo Reference Dictionary defined
are very informal in nature, no organization, and sport as an actively involving physical exertion
no skill involve in their performance and which and skill that is governed by a set of rules or
may be started and terminated any time. customs and often undertaken competitively.

SPORTS - are activities indulged in by The oldest definition of sport in English (1300)

individual, dual or team governed by rules. is of anything human find amusing or

entertaining. Rogel's (1995) defines the noun
GAMES - are heritage of man's universal
sport as an activity for relaxation and
experiences and through frequent repetition have
amusement with synonymous including
become traditional by motor activity, rivalry,
diversion and recreation. Lumpkin (1998)
etc.
defined as physical activities governed by
-activeness for diversion and from better known formal and informal rules that involve
as contest, lasting until a result is obtained, a competition against an opponent or oneself and
time has expired and the winner has been are engaged in for fun, recreation, or reward.
detected. They may govern by certain rules.
Moreover, sport also pertains to lifetime activity
for some people. Individuals engage to sport as
There are artifacts and structures that suggest
part of their leisure and/or recreation. Activity
that the Chinese engaged in sporting activities as
can be vigorous and competitive or mild and
early as 4000 BC. Monuments the Pharaohs
recreational depending on the sport. Hence, it is
indicate that a number of sports, including
defined and summarized that the term sport
swimming and fishing, were well-developed and
refers to a highly organized competitive physical
regulated several thousands of years ago in
skill activity with rule and regulations.
ancient Egyptian sports included javelin
throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient
Persian sports focused in combative sports such
Some activities requiring skills such as air
as the traditional Iranian martial art of
performance, board games. card games, wheels-
Zourkhaneh had a close connection to warfare
racing, and water-board racing are likewise
skills.
categorized as sports only if recognized by the
International Olympic Committee. Non-
competitive activities, for example as jogging,
IN 776 BC, the Greeks held the first Olympic
playing like throwing and catching, leisure doing
Games, which was a festival dedicated to their
arts and crafts, nature-trip activities are usually
god, Zeus. It was held every four years until it
classified as forms of recreation. The term
ended 394 AD because of financial corruption.
recreation here is defined as any leisure activity
The ancient Greeks practiced physical exercises
that is enjoyable, meaningful and non-obligatory
and routines; and as a result, gymnastics was
to the person involve done during his/her
added in the ancient Olympic Games. This
available time.
involved boxing. Throwing, jumping, track and
field events and weight lifting, which later in
history became separate sports. The ancient
SPORTS IN PRIMITIVE TIMES
Olympic games were, as they are today, quite a
There is almost no direct knowledge available happening. People came from far and wide to
about the earliest times of sports. Physical participate in the games or watch the athletes.
education historians believe that people The games did not reappear in the public arena
performed gymnastics-related activities like until the 16th century.
tumbling, jumping, swinging movements and
group acrobatics early in the history of mankind
in number of areas around the world.
 12. Shooting and Target Sports: Example:
gun shooting
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORIS
13. Water Sports. Example: swimming
ACCORDING TO PLAYER/S
14. Weight Sports. Example: weight lifting
COMPOSITION
15. Winter Sports, Example: figure/ice
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS - consist of only one skating
player against an opponent. 16. Wheels Sports. Example: cycling

DUAL SPORTS- consist of duo/pair against

another.
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL
TEAM SPORTS- consist of three or more SPORTS
players per team.
An individual and dual sports denote in which
players vie as individuals or duo/pair.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS

1. Athletics. Examples: running. Jumping, o Archery

and throwing event o Amis
2. Ball (Games) Sports. Examples:
o Athletics Bodybuilding
basketball and volleyball.
o Badminton
3. Club-and-Ball Sports. Example: golf
o Billiards
4. Cue Sports. Example: billiards
o Boxing
5. Combat Sports. Examples: taekwondo,
o Bowling
karatedo, boxing, wrestling
o Diving Chess
6. Dance Sports. Examples: standard and
latin dance sports o Cycling

7. Extreme Sports. Examples: BMX, o Dance Sport

motocross o Darts
8. Gymnastics. Examples: artistic and o Equestrian
rhythmic gymnastics o Fencing
9. Mind Sports. Example: chess o Figure Skating
10. Racket Sports. Examples: badminton o Golf
and table tennis o Gymnastics
11. Riding Sports. Example: Equestrian
o Judo
o Karatedo Lawn Tennis
 o Motor Sports TERMINOLOGIES
o Muay Thai
1. Athletes. Pertains to the players in
o Shooting sports.
o Skateboarding 2. Athletics. Organized, highly structured,
o Skiing competitive in which skilled individuals
o Sepak Takraw participate.
o Snowboarding 3. Coach. The formal authority within a
o Squash team.
o Surfing 4. Competition. Refers to the competitive

o Swimming sports or tournament.

5. Court. The physical facility/venue
o Table Tennis
where sports are played.
o Taekwondo
6. Equipment. Usually heavy and well-
o Triathlon
built materials used in a sport.
o Weight lifting
7. Exercise. Activity which means to
o Wrestling
participate, to strengthen, or to terms
need to be understood.
8. Game. Synonymous to a match
BENEFITS OF PLAYING SPORTS
governed by rules and regulations. It is
1. Chance at sports scholarships also pertaining to recreational activities
2. Develop emotional traits and personality that are not considered as sport
3. Develop mental and physical skills (example: card games, internet games,
4. Encourage goal setting and achieving etc.)
this goal 9. Leisure. Pertains to the available time
5. Health and Fitness benefits used from work, obligations, and
6. Improves academic performance responsibilities.
7. Improves body physique 10. Match. Refers to entire game
8. Less risk of cigarette, drug, and alcohol characterized by number, time, and
use order.
9. Pleasure 11. Official. The person or group of
10. Professional growth individuals who have the full
11. Profit (professional sport) jurisdiction over the game.
12. Satisfaction 12. Play. The act of playing. Likewise, it is
13. Socialization an amusement engaged for fun that is
 non-utilitarian that the outcome is was authorized to formulate and implement
unpredictable and has an end in itself. policies. Plans. and offer programs for the youth
13. Riot (Hooliganism). Denotes violence development, physical fitness, and sports
in sports. It is an increase of negative development.
attitude in a sport.
14. Set. Refers to the partition of a match.
15. Sportsmanship. An attitude that strives EXECUTIVE ORDER No.590- issued by
for fair play, courtesy toward teammates former Pres. Ferdinand Marcos transferred the
and opponents, ethical behavior and organization and management of athletic meets
integrity, and grace in victory or defeat. from the barangay level up to the national level
16. Supplies. Usually refer to the racquets under the supervision of the MYSD in order to
and balls that are inevitably replaced. upgrade quality of sports competition in the
17. Team Captain. The leader or the player national level, the PALARO.
that is in-charge of co-team member.
his/her
18. Trainer. The instructor that teaches CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS

drills and skills. ACCORDING TO LEVEL

19. Uniform. The term for the clothing of 1. Amateur - pertains to a

the players that includes the shoes and proletarian/popular type of sport
other accessories. consisting of one player or more acting
as ambassador/s of a place competing in
a highly organized game. Example:
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
National Games, SEA Games, ASIAN
OF SPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Game, and Olympics.
Republic Act No.3135- (Sports Federation Law) 2. Professional-a popular profitable type of
stated that the Philippines should govern by a sport elevated as an entertainment.
national association autonomous in character Examples: Manny Pacquiao (boxing)
and had exclusive control over the promotion of and Tiger Woods (golf)
sports.

Presidential Decree 604-provided for the

TYPES OF ATHLETIC COMPETITIONS
creation of Ministry of Youth and Sports
Development. The Ministry of Education and
Culture now Department of Education (DepEd)
1. Intramural Athletic Program-sports 5. Give opportunity for social contacts an
competition with in the walls of the know other athletes.
school. 6. Give opportunity to develop skills in
2. Plays Days-community get-together leadership and followership.
days for the purpose of encouraging
mass participation in athletic games,
stunts, dance activities and other kinds QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER
of games. 1. He must be aware that good leaders and
3. Dual Meets-sports competitions followers are good "sports".
between two schools or between two 2. He must have the capacity to show a
districts. spirit of helpfulness to his teammates.
4. Integrated meets-competition between 3. He must respect other teams.
schools, private and public, in a district. 4. Knows how to behave during success or
5. Regional Meet-sports competition defeat in the competition.
between the different divisions in the 5. Knows the rule and limits of the games.
region. 6. Must be patient and tolerant to his
6. Palarong Pambansa-sports teammates who needs assistance during
competitions at the national level the game.
between the 17 regions of the
Philippines including CAR. NCR,
ARMM. QUALITIES OF A GOOD FOLLOWER

1. Recognized that all members to the team

are important to the success of the
OBJECTIVES OF ATHLETIC MEET
games.
1. Develop physical skills among potential 2. Follow the suggestions of the leader.
athletes. 3. Can express freely his opinions and
2. Help acquire self-discipline, social ideas courteously.
maturity, emotional stability, and good 4. Cooperates with his team for fern and
sportsmanship among athletes. enjoyment.
3. Educate the public regarding sports 5. Willing to sacrifice for the good of his
competition. group or learn.
4. Promotion of health and wise use of
leisure time.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD PLAYER
One should possess certain qualities to become tremendous disadvantage in today's
an outstanding player. Here are some qualities of game. Quickness is an asset for play.
a good player. Other things are equal, the quicker
player definitely has the advantage.
Other physiological traits important for
1. Psychological Qualities. An essential the p-layers are:
quality of a good player in an intense
drive to be successful. He should  Strength. This is increased by
possess a strong motivation to improve weight training or similar or
his skill and fitness, as well as to see his overload efforts.
team develop to its optimum level of  Power. This developed by
performance. He should give his best increasing strength through the
efforts in training. practices, and range of movement while using
competitions. He must be willing to proper body mechanics.
work endless hours to perfect his skills  Endurance. It can be developed by
and sacrifice offer opportunities for the expending considerable efforts in
sake of success. Some other the continued repetition of the
fundamental psychological qualities desired movements.
which other fundamental which are also
 Flexibility. This desirable for man
important to success are:
powering and rebounding as well as
 alertness
for injury prevention, which is
 industriousness improved by static stretching.
 Competitive spirit
 cooperative attitude
 enthusiasm OFFICIAL NEEDED IN THE GAME

 pride 1. Referee
 self-control  Direct the game and his decision is
 Good judgment final -Has authority over all official
and players
 Has power to settle all question,
2. Physiological Qualities. Physical size even those not specified in the Rules
and quickness are perhaps the two most penalizes violation made by player
important physiological traits needed by 2. Umpire
a player. The smaller player is at
  Makes all decisions regarding the
crossing of the center -keep official
time-outs
 Controls the conduct the coaches
 Authorizes substitution at request of
captain ball -Controls starting
position
 Call referees’ attention to all
unsportsmanlike actions
 Watches for body contacts
3. Scorer
 Stays at the opposite of the referee
and behind the umpire.
 Keeps the score/records, lime outs,
and substitutions.
4. Linesmen
 Watches the sideline and the
end line on respective sides line