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C-1 The Indian Constitution

The document discusses the Indian Constitution. It provides context on why countries need a constitution and outlines some key features of the Indian Constitution, including that it guarantees universal adult suffrage, establishes three branches of government to prevent abuse of power, and protects fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world and came into effect on January 26, 1950.

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SWARA MEHTALIA
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70 views26 pages

C-1 The Indian Constitution

The document discusses the Indian Constitution. It provides context on why countries need a constitution and outlines some key features of the Indian Constitution, including that it guarantees universal adult suffrage, establishes three branches of government to prevent abuse of power, and protects fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world and came into effect on January 26, 1950.

Uploaded by

SWARA MEHTALIA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared By – Ms.

Rashmi Mittal
▪ INTRODUCTION
▪ WHY DOES A COUNTRY NEED A CONSTITUTION?
▪ THE INDIAN CONSITUTION – KEY FEATURES
▪ DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
▪ CONCLUSION
▪ Like a game, a society also have some constitutive
rules.
▪ These rules differentiate them from other societies.
▪ These rules are formulated through consensus (a
general agreement).
▪ Generally these consensus are in written form.
▪ Constitution in literal terms means composition of
something.
▪ A written document in which we find rules and
principles that governs a country is called a
Constitution.
▪ Most of the countries in the world have a constitution.
▪ While, all democratic countries are likely to have a
constitution, it is not necessary that all countries that have
a constitution are democratic.
▪ For example – China, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Cuba,
Bhutan, Qatar, etc.
▪ However, there some countries which do not have written
constitution at all.
▪ For example – UK, New Zealand & Israel.
▪ Purpose of Constitution –
➢ Tells us about the fundamental nature
of our society.
➢ For example – Nepal until 2006 followed
monarchy system and then got itself
converted to democratic system)
▪ Purpose of Constitution –
➢ Tells us about the fundamental nature of
our society.
➢ For example – Nepal until 2006 followed
monarchy system and then got itself
converted to democratic system)
➢ Defines the nature of a country’s
political system.
➢ Provides guidelines that govern decision
– making within the societies.
➢ For example – Initially in Nepal, King & his
council but now people will select its
representatives.
▪ What is meant by constitution?
▪ All the countries that have constitution are democratic in nature?
▪ Brief out the three purpose of constitution.
➢ Provides safeguards against the misuse of authority of political leaders.
➢ This misuse of power can lead to gross injustice.
➢ Ensure that a dominant group
does not use its power against
other, less powerful people or
groups.
➢ It includes rules to ensure that
minorities are not excluded to
anything that majority have.
➢ Constitution prevents tyranny
or domination by the majority
over minority.
➢ It also includes inter-
community as well as intra-
community.
➢ To save us from
ourselves.
➢ It guarantees rights of
citizens and protect their
freedom.
▪ What does constitution do against the misuse of power by the political leaders?
▪ What does misuse of political powers will lead to?
▪ Constitution prevents what of majority over minority?
▪ What does constitution guarantees to its citizens?
▪ In 1934, the Indian National Congress made the
demand for a Constituent Assembly.
▪ During the freedom struggle, Nationalist imagined to
have a free democratic country, where everyone is
treated equally and be allowed to participate in
government.
▪ Around 300 people who became the members of the
Constituent Assembly in 1946 met periodically for next
three years to write India’s Constitution.
▪ Bala Saheb Dr. Ambedkar is known as the Father of the
Indian Constitution.
▪ When the constitution was being written India was
going through a turmoil because of Partition of India
and Pakistan.
▪ The final document reflects a respect for maintaining
diversity with preserving national unity. Along with
eradication of poverty through socio-economic
reforms.
Original Constitution Hand written
by Prem Behari Narain Raizada Called a bag of borrowings

Original copies were written in


Hindi and English Five Year Plans – USSR &
Directive Principles – Ireland

Longest written Constitution of the


world. Ideals of Liberty, Equality &
Fraternity – French Revolution
Took exactly 2 years, 11 months &
18 days to come up with the final
draft Preamble is inspired from
Preamble of USA
Over 2000 amendments were
made before finalising. Fundamental rights also
adopted from the American
Constitution.
Draft completed on 26th Nov 1949
but enforced on 26th Jan 1950
Hailed as one of the world’s
best constitution, because in
Was signed by 284 members of
62 years of its adoption only
Constituent Assembly on 24th Jan
94 times it was amended
1950
Federalism

Parliamentary
Secularism Form of
Government
INDIAN
CONSTITUTION

Fundamental Separation of
Rights Powers
Central
▪ This refers to the existence of more than one Government
level of government in the country.
▪ Each state enjoys freedom in exercising
powers on certain issues.
▪ Subjects of national concern require that all
of these states follow the laws of the central State
government. Government
▪ Constitution details the issues on which
each tier can make laws.
▪ It also specifies where can they get money
for the work it does.
▪ All persons in India are governed by laws & Panchayat
policies made by each of these levels of
government.
▪ Who is known as father of our Constitution?
▪ When was our Constitution adopted?
▪ How many key features does our Constitution have?
▪ What is meant by Federalism?
Freedom struggle has prepared masses for universal adult suffrage and
would help to encourage a democratic mindset and reduce inequalities.

The Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all


citizens.

The people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives.

Also, irrespective of their social background, can also contest in


elections.
▪ There are three organs of government – thee The legislature The judiciary
legislature, the executive and the judiciary. refers to our refers to the
elected system of courts
▪ This was adopted to prevent the misuse of power representatives. in our country.
by any one branch on another.
▪ Through this, each organ acts as a check on the
other organs of government and ensures the The executive is
balance of power between all three. a smaller group of
people who are
responsible for
implementing
laws and running
the government.
▪ They protect citizens against the arbitrary
and absolute exercise of power by the
State.
▪ The Constitution guarantees the rights of
individuals against the State as well as
against other individuals.
FREEDOM
EQUALITY
AGAINST EXPLOITATION
Freedom of speech & expression,
Every person is equal in front of right to form association, right to
Prohibits human trafficking,
the law, irrespective of caste, move freely & reside in any part of
forced labour & employment of
religion or gender. Have right to the country, & right to practise any
children under 14 years of age.
access to all public places. profession, occupation or
business.

CULTURAL & EDUCATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES


FREEDOM OF RELIGION
All minorities & religious can set Allows citizens to move to the
Every person has a right to
up their own educational court, if they believe that any of
practise, profess and propagate
institutions to preserve & develop their Fundamental Rights have
the religion of their choice.
their own culture. been violated by the State
▪ What is meant by adult suffrage?
▪ Which feature of constitution includes the information about universal adult
suffrage?
▪ What are the three organs of government?
▪ Why we require three organs of government?
▪ What does fundamental rights does for the citizens?
▪ A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote one religion as
the state religion.
▪ History of country often determines the kind of
Constitution that a country adopts for itself.
▪ Indian Constitution has been amended over the years
to reflect new concerns of the political system.
▪ Major change in Constitution means a change in the
fundamental nature of the country. For example –
Nepal.
▪ Why does a democratic country needs a constitution?
▪ What would happen if there were no restriction on the power of elected
representatives?
▪ Mention the key features of Indian Constitution.
▪ Name the fundamental rights.
▪ Define constitution.

▪ Write a brief note on making of Indian Constitution.


▪ What do you mean by the legislature, the executive and the judiciary?
▪ What are the negative points of a democratic society?
▪ The Indian Constitution - https://youtu.be/Z3fUyAcNgzs
▪ Making of Indian Constitution - https://youtu.be/UQLPat5oaN8

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